中考英语“阅读理解”答题技巧+高频词汇.pdf

中 考 英 语“阅 读 理 解”答 题 技 巧+高 频 词 汇 一、阅 读 的 技 巧 1、阅 读 时 不 要 出 声，养 成 快 速 阅 读 的 好 习 惯，出 声 很 拖 节 奏。2、阅 读 时 不 要 逐 字 阅 读，要 养 成 以 意 群 为 单 位 阅 读 的 好 习 惯。3、学 会 找 关 键 词，关 键 句，关 键 句 通 常 位 于 段 落 的 开 头 或 结 尾，做 好 标 记，不 要 来 回 找，浪 费 时 间。4、学 会 根 据 上 下 文 猜 测 生 词 的 词 义。二、答 题 的 技 巧 主 旨 题：此 类 题 大 多 数 针 对 段 落 或 文 章 的 主 题 思 想、标 题 或 目 的。1.从 文 章 出 发：文 章 主 旨 多 在 文 章 首 尾 段，每 段 首 尾 句。善 于 梳 理 文 章 的 主 次 关 系，勾 画 出 文 章 中 心 句 子。另 外，一 些 表 示 转 折 的 词 语 后 面 要 格 外 注 意，因 为 转 折 前 是 作 者 阐 述 的 现 象，而 转 折 词 之 后 才 是 作 者 自 己 的 观 点。2.从 选 项 出 发：四 个 选 项 一 定 是 有 主 次 关 系 的，一 般 其 他 三 个 选 项 都 是 文 章 片 面 的 一 点，错 误 选 项 的 特 点 就 是 以 偏 概 全。结 合 文 章 大 意，再 认 真 研 读 四 个 选 项，多 半 会 发 现 选 项 中 的 主 次 关 系。细 节 题：这 类 题 是 针 对 文 章 的 细 节 设 计 的。在 阅 读 理 解 题 中 占 据 很 大 的 比 重，做 好 这 类 题 是 确 保 基 础 分 的 关 键。弄 清 细 节，正 确 获 取 信 息，也 是 把 握 文 章 主 旨 的 前 提。细 节 题 的 做 题 方 法 主 要 是 找 关 键 词，有 针 对 性 地 到 文 章 中 寻 找 细 节，并 结 合 选 项。在 做 细 节 题 的 时 候，我 都 会 让 学 生 认 真 分 析 每 一 个 选 项，每 一 个 选 项 都 能 利 用 关 键 词 在 文 章 中 找 到 出 处，每 找 到 一 处 一 定 要 在 下 面 划 线 做 标 记，顺 手 在 旁 边 标 上 这 是 哪 一 题 的 哪 个 选 项;除 此 之 外,一 定 要 将 三 错 误 选 项 都 勾 画 出 错 误 的 地 方，这 样 才 能 保 证 你 选 择 的 那 个 是 正 确 答 案。推 断 题：在 理 解 原 文 表 面 信 息 的 基 础 上，做 出 判 断 和 推 理。得 出 其 隐 含 意 义 和 深 层 意 思。考 查 对 阅 读 材 料 全 篇 的 逻 辑 关 系 的 理 解，对 文 章 各 段，各 句 之 间 的 逻 辑 关 系 的 理 解 能 力。凡 是 推 断 题 一 定 不 选 原 文 信 息 的 同 义 表 述。做 这 类 题 要 依 据 作 者 所 陈 述 的 细 节、事 实 以 及 作 者 的 措 词、态 度 和 语 气，找 出 能 够 表 露 作 者 思 想 倾 向 和 感 情 色 彩 的 词 句，然 后 利 用 自 己 已 获 得 的 相 关 知 识 进 行 推 理 判 断，从 而 得 出 符 合 逻 辑 的 结 论 三、词 汇 的 积 累 阅 读 理 解 中 最 困 难 的 就 是 单 词 意 思 的 推 理。很 多 同 学 不 会 结 合 上 下 文 分 析 陌 生 单 词，以 下 是 初 中 英 语 高 频 词 汇 考 察，注 意 多 收 集 积 累。cameracancelcancercaptive/cagede privitycausecelebrationchainchulicngccheerchestclaimn.JK相 机 神 机 v.取 洎 d j,俘 虏 的，捕 衣 的 n.囚 祟 被 关 nJK因,疆 由|庆 祝，祝 贺 n餐.候 条/n M Av.欢 呼 n J M L l U t 编 子 V.认 QdhMrousdiscoverdiscu、*diMirderdistancedistractdocumentandoubleearth-orbitingeffectelbowemotionalh 火 魔 性 的.恋 的 江 级 J L 示 V，讨 论 n凰.修 鼠 n.距 离 漏 处 v.分 散 注 重 力 裙 件 的：有 暗 的.两 倍 的 M 的 a d j.国 烧 地 球 M M 的 n.时.肘 部 冢.在 情 缗 上encourage 支 掾 助 长 energy n.活 力.精 力.能 enhunce“.集 育”加，张 exacth 冢、.叫 地 e iil n.出 口，逞 场“退 出 expect、出 料 出 网 等 特 experience V n.经 历，experienced d j.短 险 丰 富 的 eiprrimentn N 4expert n.专 累 explanation n g.说 明.辩 解 exploration n.探*explorer n.探 者 eipreMon.词 句.衰 达 圜 eitrtm eh d.a x 非 常 fake n.假 货.唐 晶 a.假 的 firework%n.|p L|n.他 flutter V 扑 folios、鼻.结 果 是 free、府 放 freedom m自 由 fridge n.电 冰 箱 friendship n.友 速 友 好 ed8et m小 小 配 件 geMogelher.（使 J M b（使 很 合 Rnt n.巨 人 巨 物 government n.JftWgradually 1 1.访 地，逐 步 地 grain n.谷 机 谷 街 班 hand V.递 蛤 handout n.分 爱 head.头 目 instruction n.命 令.教 学.er训 intellectiial n.知 识 分 子.智 力 的 international.国 际 的 interview 见.会 见.面 来 introverted&dj.（性 格）内 向 的 invite v.attract 吸 引 item n 圻，林 journey n.嫌 行.旅 程 judgeV.判 断 laptop n.手 美 式 个 人 电 latest.阳&的 leading adj.主 要 的，第 一 的 lens n.头 light V.点 微 location n.位 置*所 louer V.任 下 major 4.主 要 的.多 数 的 n.专 业 manage、1.管 惠.控 制 manager n.eamarryv t.M v i.f t*measure M.&Mjft n.ns：m tmiddle-aged a d j.中 年 的 mockingbird n.模 仿 鸟 mop v.推（地 地 murder n.读 杀、t腐 杀 native a.本 土 的.本 国 的 本 地 人 naturally 冢.自 焦 地；天 然 地 nenous 北 来 的.a t动 的 nervoiiMiE n.神 经 过:量 张 nomads n.nut n 血 nutritious,有 营 养 的headphoneheighthigh-fathishHayhonest)honorbuman-poertdice-coveredimproveincludeincipeiiMveinjuryn.耳 机 n高 度”dj.育 国 防 的 n.高 蕙 公 踣 n.嫉 实 v.纪 念 I U 剜*a d j.人 力 的 a d j.冰 封 的：冰 慧 的”改 善.1 1育 7 包 括.包 含*.廉 侪 的 n覆 害.伤 哲.受 伤 处 obMackoperationorbitorganizeornithologistoutgoingoveractedpartnershippatientpeacefulhpen nutperfectn.Wn.操 作:舞 营;手 术 n.运 行 轨 道”.环 级 v.级 班.鸟 类 学 者 a d j.友 善 的，即 将 离 去 的 a d j.行 为 我 的 n 合 作.a.耐 心 的 n.病 人 a d.和 平 地，和 谱 地 n.花 生 改 善.完 美 的 课 后 练 习 THIS year the US Mint will honor one of the country s most famouswriters.Mark Twain”,the pen name of Samuel Clemens(1835-1911)is loved byAmerican readers for his novels Tom Sawyer(1876)and The Adventuresof Huckberry Finn(1844).Now he is going to have his life and work commemorated(纪 念)withspecial gold and silver coins.But does Twain need to be commemorated?It doesn t seem like peoplein the US will forget him.Twain once joked that a lack(缺 少)of money isthe root of all evil(邪 恶)but a lack of money with Twain s famous faceon it wouldn t have made people forget about him.The Adventures of Huckberry Finn is thought to be his greatest works.Motherless Huck Finn is a young boy who shows the spirit of freedom.But it could be said that Huck s freedom really comes from Huckwanting to fly.When Huck gets away from his violent（暴 力 的）father,heisn t really looking for freedom,but survival.If s even more of a problem for a slave.Jim,the escaped（逃 跑 的）slavewho Huck helps,makes Huck s life seem even better.Itz s easier not tobe able to deal with someone who wants to force you to go to schoolthan to have to fight a law that says you are a piece of property（财 产）.Huck and Jimz s friendship,as shown by Mark Twain,is one of the greatstories in American literature because it shows a white character,Huck,who gets an idea of the African American experience.Mark Twain is famous and would still be famous without any specialcoins.Anyway,the coins could be a reason to look again at the work of awriter who got under the skin of the US in the 19th century.With the race issue（种 族 问 题）far from dead in the US today,perhapsTwain still has something to teach today s readers.1.How many novels is mentioned written by Mark Twain in this passage?A.One B.Two C.Three D.Four2.Why is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn considered Twain sgreatest works?A.It talks about how a black slave runs away from his violent owner.B.It describes an everlasting friendship between people of differentraces.C.It describes the social problem that a lack of money is the root of allevil.D.It talks about a white American understanding the African Americanexperience.3.According to the passage,which statement is NOT true?A.Huck gets away from his father for survival.B.Jim escapes from his slave owner for freedom.C.Twain dug deeply into American society of his times.D.Without the special coins,he II probably be forgotten.4.The underlined phrase“far from dead probably m e a n s.A.still being there.B.Becoming more serious.C.Being in danger.D.Gone for a long time.5.What s the main purpose of the article?A.To tell the story of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.B.To tell readers about the special coins created to honor Mark Twain.C.To explore why the US still remembers and honors Mark Twain.D.To draw readers attention to the many race issues in the US today.参 考 答 案：IB 2D 3D 4A 5CMobile phone has become a problem for middle schools.Some middleschools in Australia have banned students from carrying mobile phonesduring school hours.Mobile phone use among children has become a problem for the schoolthis year.Several children have got mobile phones as Christmas gifts,and more students will want them.Mary Bluett,an official,said mobile phone,s use is a distraction tostudents during school hours and it also gives teachers so much troublein their classrooms.Teachers were also saying that sometimes studentsmight use phone messages to cheat during exams.She said some schools had tried to ban mobile phones.Some parentsfelt unhappy because they couldn t get in touch with their children.Many teachers said students should not have mobile phones at school,but if there was a good reason,they could leave their phones at schooloffice.They also said there were many reasons why the students shouldnot have mobile phones at school:they were easy to lose and were adistraction from studies.Many people say that they understand why parents would want theirchildren to have phones,but they think schools should let the studentsknow when they can use their mobile phones.1.Some middle schools in Australia have banned students from carryingmobile phones _.A.because they are studentsB.when they are freeC.when they are at schoolD.because they are children2.We know from the passage that some children get mobile phonesf r o m.A.the makers and sellersB.the passer-by and strangersC.their parents and friendsD.some mobile phone users3.What does the underlined word cheat mean in the passage?A.聊 天 B.作 弊 C.查 询 D.核 对 4.Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn t _ during schoolhours.A.use their mobile phonesB.leave their mobile phones at school officeC.help the teachers with their workD.get in touch with their children5.The passage tells us that _.A.students shouldn t have mobile phones at school except for somespecial reasonsB.it is impossible to ban students from using mobile phone at schoolC.some parents felt unhappy because they couldn1 t use their phones atschoolD.parents should teach their children how to use mobile phones duringschool hours参 考 答 案：IC 2C 3B 4D 5AGiving children opportunities to read different kinds of literature is veryimportant for their success.Teachers,parents and community membersshould help students develop a love for reading.Not only is readingliterature important in developing cognitive（认 知 的）skills to be able tosucceed in a school or work setting,but it is valuable for other reasons as well.First,childrens literature provides students with the opportunity to reactto literature and develop their own opinions about the topic.Greatliterature does not tell the reader everything he or she needs to know.Itallows for some difference in opinion.One reader may take somethingcompletely different than the next reader,because of different ways ofthinking and personal experiences.For younger children,wordlesspicture books are a good choice.Children reading a wordless book like ABall for Daisy will be able to look at the pictures and develop their owndialogue for the story.This also helps them to form opinions on theirown.Second,children,s literature helps students develop emotionalintelligence（情 商）.Stories have such power.For example,a book thatencourages emotional intelligence is Selma.It discusses what it takes fora young sheep to be happy and challenges students to think about whathappiness really is.And The Big Box is a story about children who losetheir freedom and the deeper problems when having no freedom.Children,s literature encourages students to think deeper about theirown feelings.Finally,children,s literature encourages personality and socialdevelopment.Children s literature can help them become lessegocentric.When children are young,they focus mainly on themselves.As they grow older,they begin to consider what other people want andhow they feel.Children s literature helps them develop into caring andfriendly people.Children,s literature can encourage social development by encouragingstudents to accept other people and their differences.Books like Mollys Family and Daddy s Roommate present situations that mightencourage students to become more open-minded to different types offamilies and understand that love is the most important thing in a family.Literature encourages students to be considerate and friendly people,which can make students good citizens for the society.Children,s literature is valuable both at school and at home.Teachersand parents should both be able to give students opportunities to readthe best books to encourage these important values of literature andhelp the creation of responsible,successful,and caring persons.1.What does the word egocentric in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Ready to accept different opinions.B.Thinking deeper about one sfeelings.C.Caring about oneself instead of others.D.Being caring,considerateand friendly.2.What can we learn from the passage?A.Students reading great literature will succeed at school.B.Readers understandings about a story may be opposite.C.It is challenging to understand what freedom really is.D.Books about families are good for social development.3.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To tell children how to be successful at school and work.B.To explain why children,s literature has so many values.C.To introduce the social importance of children s literature.D.To encourage adults to develop children s love for reading.参 考 答 案：1.C 2.B 3.D