初中英语的动词各种时态、语态课件.ppt

一、一般现在时一般现在时的谓语构成：1、be动词：am/is/are 2、行为动词：A：动词原形 B：动词+-s(主语为单三)动词be一般现在时am I am.is he/she/it is.are we/you/they are.动词第三人称单数变化+s write writes+esgo goeswash washeswatch watchesfix fixes变y为i+esstudy studies辅音字母+y 结尾的词特殊变化have has闪记一般现在时的用法：1、一般现在时表示现在经常发生或习惯性的行为或状态，常与usually,always,every day,twice a week,seldom,sometimes等时间状语连用。eg:He always sleeps with the windows open/closed.他总是开（关）着窗子睡2.表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）1.The geography teacher told us the earth(move)around the sun.2.Water(boil)at 100oC.movesboils3、一般现在时表示主语的性格、特征、能力等。eg:He works hard.他工作很努力。He can speak English.He likes sports.客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句。1.In some parts of the world,such as in England,tea _ with milk and sugar.A.is serving B.serves C.is served D.served2.-The girl _ weight recently.-Yes,she _ too much.A.has gained,is eating B.gains,eats C.is gaining,ate D.is gaining,eats4、在时间、条件、比较等状语从句中表将来的动作.在由when,if,as soon as,等引导的状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时，但应注意，主句的谓语动词必须用一般将来时。1.If it(rain)tomorrow,we(put off)the activity.2.As soon as he(arrive),I(telephone)you.3.If you(accept)my invitation and come to our party,my family(be)pleased.rainswill put offarriveswill telephonewill acceptwill be5、表示安排或计划好的将来动作，通常限于表示运动的动词，如：go,come,leave,start等。eg:The train starts at 10 o clock in the morning.火车在上午10点发车。实战演练1.Jim usually _(have)lunch at home,but sometimes he _(have)it at school.2.Ill tell him the news as soon as he _(come)back.3.If it _(not rain)tomorrow,well go to the zoo.4.Dont get off the bus until it_(stop).5.You may go out to play when you _(finish)your homework.hashascomesdoesnt rainstopsfinish6.The teacher told us that the earth _(travel)round the sun.7.-Do you know if we _(go)to the cinema tomorrow?-I think well go if we _(not have)too much homework.8.She watches TV twice a week._ _ does she watch TV?travels will go dont have How often 9.Jim has lunch at home everyday.(否定句)Jim _ _ lunch at home everyday.10.He does his homework every day.(一般疑问句)_he _ his homework every day?11.He has few friends,_ _?(反意疑问句)doesnt haveDoes do does he12.Mr.Smith(travel)to work by bus every day.13.The new teachers(arrive)tomorrow.14.I(arrive)by the time the meeting(begin).15.I(tell)him the news as soon as I(see)him.16.Pride(go)before a fall.17.He(think)it his duty to take care of the orphans.travelsarrivewill have arrivedbeginswill tellseegoesthinks动词时态1.一般现在时(do,does)1)Dogs bark(吠叫).2)His dog always barks at strangers.3)When his dog barks,he will know that a stranger may come.4)The train leaves at seven tonight.5)The house belongs to him.（事实、真理）（习惯性、经常性）（时间、条件状从）（按规定、时间表）二、现在进行时现在进行时的谓语构成：am/is/are+动词ing 现在进行时的用法：表示说 话时或现阶段正在进行或发 生的动作，常与时间状语now,this week,these days,at this time,at present，at the moment等连用。另外，我们还要注意句中的隐含条件（如：look,listen,Its nine oclock等）。如：Look!The students are doing their homework.Listen!Someone is singing in the next room.Dont go out!Its raining hard outside.有些动词如come,go,leave,begin,等的现在进行时可以表示预定的或即将发生的动作,句中常有表示将来的状语:Im leaving on Sunday morning.Jim is coming here this evening.1.表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；-Is this raincoat yours?-No,mine(hang)there behind the door.2.表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；He(teach)English and(learn)Chinese.3.表近期特定的安排或计划I(meet)Mr.Wang tonight.4.go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。We(leave)on Friday.is hangingis teachinglearningam meetingare leaving5.与always、often constantly,continually等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩.The girl always(talk)loud in public.Tim constantly(ask)me such foolish questions.is talkingis asking实战演练1.Look!Some children _(play)football on the playground.2.Listen!Someone _(play)the piano in the room.3.The students of Class Two _(work)on the farm now.4.Be quiet!Your father_(sleep).5.Dont go out!It _(rain)hard outside.are playingis playingare workingis sleepingis rainingis readingam.helpingam takingare goingwasnt noticing1.As she(read)the newspaper,Granny falls asleep.2.I dont really work here;I just(help)out until the new secretary arrives.3.Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida.I(take)my mum.4.-Hey,look where you(go)!-Im terribly sorry.I(not notice).5.He always(think of)others first.isthinking of三、一般过去时一般过去时的构成：动词的过去式一般过去时的用法：表示过去发生的动作或状态.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或 状 态，常 和 表 示 过 去 的 时 间 连 用，yesterday,last night,in 1990,two days ago等。也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often,always等表示频度的时间状语连用。1、表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或状态，常有明确的时间状语，如yesterday，last night,some years ago，in1890，two years ago等，以及由when等引导的时间状语从句。2、表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作常与often，usually，seldom等表示频度的副词连用。When I was in the countryside,I often called on my old friends there.我在乡村里，经常去拜访那里的朋友。3、在条件、时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.他们说如果听到什么关于他的消息，就通知我们。重读闭音节，双写辅音字母加ed行为动词的过去式carry carried like likedstop stopped work worked以e 结尾，直接加d辅音字母加y，变y为i，加ed直接在词尾加ed动词be的过去式变化am wasis wasare were闪记：have a meeting,yesterdayWe had a meeting yesterday.give a concert,last monthJay gave a concert last month.join WTO,in 2001China joined WTO in 2001.get married,in 1999They got married in 1999.visit Canada,last ThursdayHe visited Canada last Thursday.die,December 9He died in Shanghai on Dec.9.实战演练1._ you _a good time last Sunday?2.The headmaster _(not say)anything at the meeting yesterday.3.Have you ever been there?Yes,I _(go)there last spring.4.Lily_(fall)off her bike and _(hurt)herself last Monday afternoon.Did have didnt saywentfell hurt5.Its a long time since we _ last.A.meet B.met C.will met D.have met6.-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?-Yes,I _ there last spring.A.go B.have gone C.will go D.wentBD5.Mr.Li invited her to the party.（改为一般疑问句）_Mr.Li _her to the party?6 They asked the teacher a question.（改为否定句）They_ _the teacher a question.Did invitedidnt ask8.Tom watched TV for two hours.(对画线部分提问）_ _ _Tom _TV?9.She helped me do some cleaning.(对画线部分提问）_ _She _ you_?How long did watchWhat did helpdo一般过去时的用法 1.-Look!Someone has spilt（溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯）-Well,it _ me.A.isnt B.wasnt C.hasnt been D.hadnt been2.-Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughter.-Oh,how good a dad!But she doesnt like sweet things._ that?A.Dont you know B.Havent you known C.Didnt you know D.Hadnt you known3.-Was Mary in the office when you arrived there?-Yes,but she _soon afterwards.A.had left B.left C.would leave D.will leave动词时态-一般将来时1、一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow,in the future,next year等。一般将来时由“助动词will/shall+动词原形”构成。还可表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，认为某事即将发生、肯定会发生或可能出现的情况。I think Im going to die.我想我要死了。(现在生命垂危)Look at the cloud.Its going to rain.瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。(乌云密布，使我断定天要下雨)2、一般将来时的其他表达法（1）be going to+动词原形表将来 这种结构表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发 生的事。They are going to meet outside the school gate.他们打算在校门口见面。（2）be about to+动词原形表将来 be about to+动词原形表示打算或据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用。The English evening is about to start.英语晚会即将开始。（3）用现在进行时来表示将来现在进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词，如come,go,leave,start,move,arrive等，还有join,play,eat,work,return,take,wear,stay,sleep,meet等。常与表示将来的时间状语连用。Im leaving for Tibet on Sunday.星期天我要去西藏。When are you going back to your factory?你什么时候回工厂？实战演练1.There_(be)an English film on TV tonight.2._we_(go)to the park next Sunday?3.He _(not go)home until he finishes his homework.4.What _ you _(do)next Sunday?5.I _(be)free tomorrow morning.will beShall gowont gowill doWill be6.There is going to _ a meeting next week.A.be B.have C.is D.has7.-I dont know if it _ tomorrow.-If it _,well stay at home.A.will rain;rains B.rains;rains C.will rain;will rain D.rains;will rain AA 五、过去进行时1、过去进行时的构成：was/were+现在分词2、过去进行时的用法：过去进行时表示过去某一 时刻正在进行的动作，常用的时间状语有：1)at this time last night,at 9:00 yesterday2)when I saw him;while I was watching TV3)from seven to nine4)yesterday,last year,yesterday morning What were you doing this time yesterday?He was drawing an elephant on the blackboard when the teacher came in.实战演练1.We_(watch)TV when he came to see us.2.I _(draw)a picture at this time yesterday morning.3.What _ you _(do)when the teacher came in?4.While we _(talk),the teacher came in.were watchingwas watchingwere doingwere talking六、现在完成时1.现在完成时的构成：助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词 注：has 用于第三人称单数，have 用 于其他所有人称。2现在完成时的用法：（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just，already,before,yet,never,ever等状语连用。（2）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。如:for 时间段和since时间点或时间壮语从句，以及 so far 等。She has learnt English for 3 years.They have lived here since 1990.注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如come,go,die,join,buy等的完成时不能与for,since等表示一段时间的短语连用。(3).have been(to)和have gone(to)的区别：have/has been(to)表示“曾经 去过”某地,说话时此人很可能 不在那里,已经回来。侧重指 经历。have/has gone(to)表示某人“已经去了”某地，说话时此 人在那里，或可能在路上，反 正不在这里。将暂短性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用，其常用的方法有：a.用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有：buy have borrow keep catch/get a cold have a cold get to know know join the Party be a Party member短暂性动词与延续性动词leave be away(from)die be deadbegin be on come here be herefall asleep be asleep join the Army be in the Armycome to work/live work/live begin to study/teach study/teachB.把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为 表示过去时间的状语，原动词的完成时改为过去时 He came here three months ago.C.用“It is/has been+一段时间+since(一般过去时)”结构。It is/has been three months since he came here.D.用“多长时间+has passed+since(一般过去时)”结构：Three months has passed since he came here.(4)暂短性动词的肯定式的完成时不能 和how long连用。如：误：How long have you borrow the book?正：How long have you kept the book?正：When did you borrow the book?典型题例1._ you ever_(eat)Beijing duck?2.I wont go to the cinema this Sunday because I _(see)it already.3.Wheres Jim?He _(go)to England.4.My father _(be)to Beijing many times.5.Mr.Green _(work)here since 1989.6.We _(know)each other for a year.Have eatenhave seenhas gonehas beenhas workedhave known7.Its a long time since we _(meet)last.8.We have been here for four years.(同义句)We _ here four years _.9.Its five years since my grandfather died.(同义句)My father has _ _ for five years.10.My brother has been a soldier for two years.(同义句)My father _ _ _ two years ago.met came agobeen deadjoined the army七、过去完成时的用法1、概念：表示过去的过去。其结构是：had+过去分词2、过去完成时的用法：（1）过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态；句中常用by,before,until,when等词引导的时间状语。By the end of last year we had built five new houses.I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.2）过去完成时的动词还可以表示 过去某一时刻之前发生的动作 或者状态持续到过去某个时间 或者持续下去。Before he slept,he had worked for 12 hours.实战演练1.When I got there,the bus_ already _(go).2.The film _(be)on for five minutes when I got to the cinema.3.We _(learn)about 1,000 new English words by the end of last term.4.By the time we got there,the train _(leave).had gonehad beenhad learnthad left时间现在过去那时所预见的情况八、过去将来时一、基本概念：过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。它是一个相对的时态，即立足于过去某时，从过去的某一时间看即将发生的事情就要用这一时态。二、基本形式：would should 动词原形（其中 would 用于各 种人称，should 常用于第一人 称）。例如：They were sure they would win the final victory 他们坚信会赢得最后胜利。三、过去将来时的一些其它表达形式:1.Was were going to动词原形 He said it was going to rain 他说天要下雨了。2过去进行时（一般多为动作概念较强 的动词，如 go,come,leave,start，open,begin 等）也可用于表示将来。I didnt know when they were coming again 我不知道他们什么时候再来。1.Miss Chen _ us English last term.A.teaches B.taught C.will teach D.had taught 典型例题解析B2.Excuse me.Look at the sign NO PHOTOS!Sorry,I _it.A.dont see B.didnt see C.havent seen D.wont see B3.My mother _the windows already,so the room looks much brighter.A.has cleaned B.had cleaned C.is cleaning D.will clean A 4.He_this pen for five years.He _it in 1997.A.has bought,bought.B.bought,bought C.has kept,has bought D.has had,bought DD 5.-Peter,could you come and help me in the kitchen,please?-Sorry,mum,I _ Lily with her English.A.help B.helped C.have helped D.am helping 6.When will you tell him the good news?I will tell him about it as soon as he _back.A.comes B.came C.will come D.is coming A7.I don t know if my friend _.If he _,Ill let you know.A.comes,comes B.comes,will come C.will come,comes D.will come,will come 8.John said he_ supper.He was quite full.A.had had B.was haring C.had D.has eaten CA9.There_two meetings tomorrow afternoon.A.are going to be B.are going to have C.is going to be D.will have 10.It_3 years since I _ to No.1 Middle School.A.is,come B.is,have come C.was,came D.is,came AD.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.My brother isnt at home now.He _(go)to Beijing.He _(be)there many times.He _(not be)back until next week.2.When I got home,my mother _(go)out for a walk.has gonehas beenwont behad gone3.He_(finish)his composition just now.4.By the end of last month,we _(learn)ten English songs.5._she _(do)morning exercises every day?finished had learnt Does do 6.Our country _(change)a lot since 1982.9.Listen!Someone_(sing)in the next room.10.Our teacher told us the earth _(go)around the sun.has changedis singing goes 改错专训1.Kates uncle has gone to Beijing twice.2.Well go to the zoo if it wont rain tomorrow.3.The meeting has begun for half an hour.has gone-has beenwont-doesntbegun-been on4.Lucy with his sister are flying kites now.5.There is going to have a meeting tonight.6.The dog died five years before.7.How long have you bought the pen?are-ishave a meeting-be a meetingbefore-agobought-had8.We have been here since four years.9.My brother has joined the Army for three years.10.The teacher said that light travelled faster than sound.11.You have to stay here,havent you?since-forjoined-been intravelled-travelshavent-dont12.The boy said that he will go to the zoo this Sunday.13.We have learnt 1,000 words by the end of last term.14.Its three years since we come here.will go-would gohave learnt-had learnt come-came 15.Could you tell me how long you have bought the computer?16.She will go shopping next Sunday if she wont be busy.17.Youve never eaten fish,do you?have bought-have hadwont be-isntdo you-have you被动语态(Passive Voice)Sentence structure:be+done(pp.)1.(一般现在时被动式)am/is/are+done 2.(一般过去时被动式)was/were+done 3.(现在完成时被动式)have/has+been+done 4.(一般将来时被动式)shall/will+be+done 5.(情态动词被动式)can/may/must/should+be+done 6.(现在进行时被动式)am/is/are/+being+done 7.(过去进行时被动式)was/were+being+done 走进中考1.-These bananas look different and they are sweet.-Right.They _ here from Taiwan yesterday.A.was brought B.were brought C.bring D.are broughtB2.-Susan,why are you still here?they are all ready to start.-Im sorry,but I _ when to start.A.dont tell B.didnt tell C.havent told D.wasnt told3.The flowers _ everyday,or they will die.A.must water B.can be water C.should water D.must be watered DD4.The doctor looked over Peter carefully after he _ to the hospital.A.takes B.is taken C.took D.was taken5.Oh,this is really a big shop.Do you know when it _?A.built B.was built C.has built D.has been builtDB6.-How clean your classroom is!-Thank you.It _ every day.A.is cleaned B.was cleaned C.was cleaning D.is cleaning7.-The pollution problem here seems to get more and more serious.-Yes,something _ with it.A.has done B.must be done C.is doing D.was doneAB8.-Whats wrong with you?-I _ by a car yesterday.A.was hit B.hit C.is hit D.hits9.You may go out to play when your homework _.A.does B.is done C.was done D.did10.We _ by Class 2 yesterday.A.beat B.beaten C.were beaten D.are beatenABC