初中英语被动语态特殊用法课件.ppt
初中英语被动语态特殊用法一一.何时使用被动语态何时使用被动语态英语中,大多数情况下用主动语态比较简练、有力。但是,被动语态也有其特殊的用途,它也是表达思想、描述事物的需要。人们通常在下列情况下使用被动语态:。1.不知道或不必说出动作的执行者时使用被不知道或不必说出动作的执行者时使用被动语态动语态Scientistssaythatworkisdonewheneveraforcemoves.科学家们说,科学家们说,力移动时就做了功。力移动时就做了功。2.强调动作的承受者时使用被动语态强调动作的承受者时使用被动语态Ifyoubreaktheschoolrules,youwillbepunished.如果你违反校规,你将受到如果你违反校规,你将受到惩罚。惩罚。3.当动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物当动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时使用被动语态时使用被动语态Manyaccidentswerecausedbycarelessdriving.许多事故都是开车不小许多事故都是开车不小心造成的。心造成的。4.修辞的需要,使用被动语态可以使句子更修辞的需要,使用被动语态可以使句子更加简练、匀称加简练、匀称Heappearedonthestageandwaswarmlyapplaudedbytheaudience.他出现在舞台上,受到了观众的热烈鼓掌。他出现在舞台上,受到了观众的热烈鼓掌。5.为了表示委婉或礼貌,避免提及动作执行为了表示委婉或礼貌,避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己时使用被动语态者或说话者自己时使用被动语态Youvebeentoldmanytimesnottomakethesamemistake.你已被多次告知你已被多次告知不要犯同样的错误。不要犯同样的错误。6.科技文献中为了客观地描述事情及其过程科技文献中为了客观地描述事情及其过程时应使用被动语态,在新闻报道中使用被时应使用被动语态,在新闻报道中使用被动语态可以体现新闻的客观性动语态可以体现新闻的客观性Thewest-eastgaspipelineprojectwaskickedoffonJuly4,abigeventinthenationswestdevelopmentcampaign.西气东输工程7月4日全线开工,这是国家西部大开发战略的一件大事。7.有些动词习惯上常用被动语态有些动词习惯上常用被动语态Hewasborninthiscity.他出生在这个他出生在这个城市。城市。常用于被动语态的动词有常用于被动语态的动词有born(出生)、situate(坐落于)、build(建造)、break(打破)、publish(出版)等。二二.使用被动语态时的主意事项使用被动语态时的主意事项1.“get+过去分词过去分词”结构也可以表被动结构也可以表被动Theboygothurtonhiswaytoschool.这个男孩在上学的路上受伤了。这个男孩在上学的路上受伤了。类似短语类似短语getburnt(着火)、getkilled(被杀)、gethurt(受伤)、getlost(迷路)getdressed(穿衣服)、getchanged(变化)、getmarried(结婚)、getwashed(洗)等。2.带双宾语动词的被动语态带双宾语动词的被动语态1)、有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时,可以有两种形式(即可用直接宾语或间接宾语作主语),这类动词主要的有:buy,give,lend,pay,show,teach,tell,offer,leave,award等:他给了她一些钱。主动:Hegavehersomemoney.(正)被动:Shewasgivensomemoneybyhim.(正)被动:Somemoneywasgiventoherbyhim.(正)2)、有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时,通常要用直接宾语作主语,这类动词主要的有:do,make,pass,sell,sing,write等:他给她写了封信。主动:Hewroteheraletter.(正)被动:Aletterwaswritten(to)herbyhim.(正)被动:Shewaswrittenaletterbyhim.(少见)3)、有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时,通常要用间接宾语作主语,这类动词主要的有:answer,refuse,save,spare,deny,envy等:他们不允许我入场。主动:Theyrefusedmeadmittance.(正)被动:Iwasrefusedadmittancebythem.(正)被动:Admittancewasrefusedmebythem.(少见)3.有些有些“动词动词+介词介词/副词副词”构成的固定动词构成的固定动词短语,变为被动语态时要注意其完整性,短语,变为被动语态时要注意其完整性,不可分开不可分开。例句例句主动语态:主动语态:Weshouldtakegoodcareoftheoldandthechildren.我们应该照顾好老人和小孩。被动语态:被动语态:Theoldandthechildrenshouldbetakengoodcareof.4.英语中,有些动词接不带英语中,有些动词接不带to的不定式做宾的不定式做宾补,但是当它们变为被动语态时,要把补,但是当它们变为被动语态时,要把to加加上去。上去。例句主例句主动语态:动语态:Thebossmadethemworktwelvehourseveryday.老板让他们每天工作十二小时。被动语态:被动语态:Theyweremadetoworktwelvehourseveryday.可接不带可接不带to的不定式做宾补的动词有的不定式做宾补的动词有let(让)、have(使)、see(看)、notice(注意)、watch(观看)、listento(听)hear(听)、observe(观察)、feel(感觉)等。5、表示客观的说明常用Itis+过去分词.句型。ItissaidthatLucyhasgoneabroad.据说露茜已经出国了。Itisbelievedthatheisaspy.(=Heisbelievedtobeaspy.)大家相信他是个间谍。其它常见的Itis+过去分词+that句型还有Itisreportedthat据报道Itissaidthat据说Itisbelievedthat大家相信Itissuggestedthat有人建议6、动词的主动形式表示被动之意以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词,如:look,feel,smell等。下列动词没有被动式:happen,cost,take,haveAnaccidentwashappenedyesterday.()昨天发生了一起事故。Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.()Theflowersmellssweet.这花闻起来很香。Thewatchlooksgood.这表看起来很好。Thisbooksellswell.这本书畅销。7在表示“需要”的动词need,want,require之后,作宾语的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。例如:Theteachingplanrequiresfurtherdiscussing.教学计划需要进一步讨论。Themachineneedsrepairing.这个机器需要修理。8在“beworthdoing”结构中,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。例如:Themovieisworthseeingtwice.这部影片值得看两遍9在句型“sth.vi.adv.”中,象wish,sell,write,lock,open,close,last等不及物动词,用主动形式表示某物的某种属性。例如:Thiskindofclothwasheseasilyandsellswell.这种布料容易洗,好卖。10一些及物动词,如read,act,write,feel,sell,wear,wash,open,shout,clean,cook,keep,play,cut,fill,blow,measure,lock,allow,run,record,begin等,在主语是物的句子里在主语是物的句子里时,常用主动形式表被动意义。例如:Thestory-booksellswell.这本故事书很畅销。Thispenwritessmoothly.这支钢笔很好用。Themachinerunswell.机器运转良好。11、有些动词和动词短语是没有被动形式的,也不可用其过去分词作后置定语,如arrive,die,become,disappear,happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto等。例如:1)TheAmericanCivilWarbrokeoutin1861.在1861年美国内战爆发了。2)Theaccidentwhichtookplacelastweeksurprisedus.上星期发生的事件使我们很惊讶。12、当谓语动词为say,report,think,believe,expect,know,consider,suppose等的句子变被动语态时,有两种形式:A.用it作形式主语,而真正的主语用从句的形式来表达,句型为:Itissaid/reported/supposed/believedthat(据说/据报道/据推测/有人相信)。例如:Peoplesaythatheisadoctor.Itissaidthatheisadoctor.据说他是个医生。B.谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主语补足语。例如:Peoplesaythatheisadoctor.Heissaidtobeadoctor.巩固练习.把下列主动语态改为被动语态:1WeoftenusearecorderinourEnglishclass.2Theywillshowanewfilmnextweek.3Whendidtheybuildthehouse?4Isawtheboyentertheroom.5Willtheyshowanewfilmnextweek?6Havetheypostedtheletteryet?7Weoftenseehimhelphisclassmate.8Youmustturnoffthelightbeforeyougotobed.9Whoisrepairingthebike?10Thestudentshouldlearnallthetextsbyheart.选择填空:1.Thereadingroom_yesterdayafternoon.A.cleanedB.iscleanedC.wascleaningD.wascleaned2.Theworkersweremade_tenhoursaday.A.workB.toworkC.workingD.worked3.Food_inacoolplaceinsummer.A.mustkeepB.mustntkeepC.mustbekeptD.mustntbekept4.Hisfather_toworkinHongKong3yearsago.A.sentB.wassentC.hassentD.hasbeensent5.Thepen_well.A.writesB.iswrittenC.waswrittenD.writing6.Greatchanges_inthetownsince1988.A.havetakenplaceB.havebeentakenplaceC.hastakenplaceD.hasbeentakenplace7.Ourcompositionsmust_nextMonday.A.behandinB.behandedinC.handedinD.behandingin8.Thechildwill_backtohisparentsnextmonth.A.sentB.sendC.besentD.besending9._hiswork_yet?A.havebeenfinishedB.hasbeenfinishedC.hasfinishedD.havefinished10.Theclassroom_nowA.iscleaningB.isbeingcleaningC.isbeingcleanedD.iscleaned.用适当时态和语态的动词填空:1.Canhe_(speak)English?2.Whatlanguage_(speak)inthatcountry?3.Thefilm_(show)manytimessincelastSunday.4.TheseTVsets_(make)inSiChuan.5.Ithasgotsodark.Wouldyouplease_(turn)onthelight?6.Anewhospital_(build)inthisareanow.7._thebook_yet?(return).8.Rice_(grow)inthesouth.9.Thewindow_(notbreak)bytheboy.10.I_(tell)he_(notcome)justnow.11.TheMid-AutumnFestival_(celebrate)inChina.12.I_(ask)bymymothernottotouchthedogyesterday.13.Booksofthiskind_(sell)verywell.14.Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?Notyet,theroom_(paint).15.Theboy_(bringup)inthecountryside.16.Agoodjob_melastyear.(offer)Keys:.把下列主动语态改为被动语态:1.ArecorderisoftenusedinourEnglishclass.2.Anewfilmwillbeshownbythennextweek.3.Whenwasthehousebuiltbythem?4.Theboywasseentoentertheroom.5.Willanewfilmbeshownbythemnextweek?7.Heisoftenseentohelphisclassmate.8.Thelightmustbeturnedoffbeforeyougotobed.9.Whoisthebikebeingrepairedby?(Bywhomisthebikebeingrepaired?)10.Allthetextsshouldbelearnedbyheartbythestudents.II、1-5DBCBA6-10ABCBCIII.1.speak2isspoken3.hasbeenshown4.aremade5.turn6.isbeingbuilt7.Hasreturned8.isgrown9.wasntbroken10.wastolddidntcome11.iscelebrated12.wasasked13.sell14.isbeingpainted15.wasbroughtup16.wasofferedto