北京高考真题及模拟题七选五汇编(一).pdf
七选五分类汇编共30套练习一、高考真题集锦2019北京高考根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Much of the work in todays world is accomplished（完成）in teams.Most people believe thebest way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals.46Companies spend millions hiring top business people.Is their money well spent?47 They focused on football,basketball and baseball.The results are mixed.Forfootball and basketball,adding talented players to a team proves a good method,but only up tothe point where 70%of the players are top talent;above that level,the teams performancebegins to decline.Interestingly,this trend isnt evident in baseball,where additional individualtalent keeps improving the teams performance.To explain this phenomenon,the researchers explored the degree to which a goodperformance by a team requires its members to coordinate（协调）their actions.48In baseball,the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates.They concludethat when task interdependence is high,team performance will suffer when there is too muchtalent,while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when taskinterdependence is lower.If a basketball star is,for example,trying to gain a high personal pointtotal,he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate,affectingthe teams performance.Young children learning to play team sports are often told,“There is noI in TEAM.n 49Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team,some players may makeless effort.Just as in a game of tug-of-war（拔河比赛）,whenever a person is added,everyone elsepulls the rope with less force.50.An A-team may require a balancenot just A players,but a few generous Bplayers as well.A.Its not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.B.Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talentC.The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers attention.D.Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.E.Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.F.Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.G.This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.2018北京高考真题Why Do We Get Angry?Anger seems simple when we are feeling it,but the causes of anger are various.Knowing these causes canmake us examine our behavior,and correct bad habits.T he main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events,personality traits（特征）,and our assessment of s itu a tio n s.1T riggering events fbr anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages.However,here are some examples:being cut off in traffic,a deadline approaching,experiencing physical pain,and muchm o r e.2 T he reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to onespersonal history and psychological traits.Each person,no matter who they are,has psychological imbalances.People who have personality traits thatconnect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get a n g r y.3 Also,sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition,but rather a temporary state before a triggeringevent has occurred.4 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger,or anger itself.Sometimesignorance and negative（7肖极的）outlooks on situations can create anger.5_However,anger can easily tum violent,and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear inorder to prevent its presence.With these main reasons in mind,we can evaluate our level of anger throughout theday and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons tor our feelings.A.Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.B.But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occuiT ence of anger.C.Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait,and is usually advised to reduce it.D.Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.E.Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state,where anger is in the background of your mind.F.Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a criticaleye.G.Not everyone acts the same in response to events,and that is why what triggers one person may or may nottrigger another;2017北京高考真题Every animal sleeps,but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep,theydie within a month.One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.2 We know that,while awake,freshmemories are recorded by reinforcing（力 口 强）connections between brain cells,but the memory processes that takeplace while we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons（神经元）in the braincan be weakened overnight,making room for fresh memories to form the next day.3Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.4 T he synapses in the mice taken at the end of aperiod of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep,showing that the connections betweenneurons weaken while sleeping.If T ononis theory is right,it would explain why,when we miss a nights,we find it harder the next day toconcentrate and learn new information our brains may have smaller room fbr new experiences.T heir research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses becomethinner.T he team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size.5 Youkeep what matters,M T ononi says.A.We should also try to sleep well the night before.B.Its as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C.Similarly,when people go for a few days without sleeping,they get sick.D.T he processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.E.T hats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F.”Sleep is the price we pay fbr learning,says Giulio T ononi,who developed the idea.G.T ononis team measured the size of these connections,or synapses,in the brains of 12 mice.2016北京高考真题T he Science of Risk-SeekingSometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and thereward,the risk seems worth taking.Some of us enjoy activities that would suiprise and scare the rest ofus.Why?Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.T he reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans.Risk-takers were better athunting,fighting,or exploring.2 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next,humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why arent we all jumping out of airplanes then?Well,even 200,000 years ago,too much risk-taking couldget one killed.A few daring survived,though,along with a few stay-in-the-cave types.As a result,humansdeveloped a range of character types that still exists today.So maybe you love car racing,or maybe you hate it.3No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range,scientists say that your willingness to take risks increasesduring your teenage years.4 T o help you do that,your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.New experiences often mean taking some risks,so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.Mean taking some risks,so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.5 For the risk-seekers,a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active,while for the rest of us,a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking,well continue to hit the mountains,the waves or theshallow end of the pool.A.It all depends on your character.B.T hose are the risks you should jump to take.C.Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.D.T hus,these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.E.T his is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.F.However,we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.G.New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.2015北京高考真题T his Way to DreamlandDaydreaming means people think about something pleasant,especially when this makes them forget whatthey should be doing.Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of whats happening around them.T hey can seem forgetful and clumsy._1_ T hey annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing theimportant things.But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history._2_Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking likea fool?First,understand that some opportunities（机会）for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe andrelaxed will help you to slip into daydreams._3_And if you want to improve your chances of having acreative idea while youre daydreaming,try to do it while you are involved in another task-preferably somethingsimple,like taking a shower or walking,or even making meaningless drawings.Ifs also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.“MindfUlness”,being focused,is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep._4Finally,you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowlya w a y.5Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.A.Having interesting things to think about also helps.B.T hey stare off into space and wander by themselves.C.Without wandering minds,we wouldnt have relatively,Coke or Post-it notes.D.At one time,daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.E.It involves slow,steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.F.Daydreams are often very simple and direct,quite unlike sleep dreams,which may be hard to understand.G.T herefore,its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the daydream zone.2014北京高考真题Evaluating Sources（来源）of Health InformationMaking good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation.A key first step in betteringyour evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information.Reasonable evaluation includesknowing where and how to find relevant information,how to separate fact from opinion,how to recognize poorreasoning,and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources.1Go to the original source.Media reports often simplify the results of medical research.Find out foryourself what a study really reported,and determine whether it was based on good science.T hink about the typeof study.2Watch fbr misleading language.Some studies will find that a behavior contributes to or is associatedwith“an outcome;this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result.3 Carefully reador listen to information in order to fully understand it.Use your common sense.If a report seems too good to be true,probably it is.Be especially careful ofinformation contained in ad vert isements.4 Evaluate“scientific“statements carefully,and be aware ofquackery（江湖骗术）.5 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration,but each of us needsto find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serveyou well throughout your life.A.Make choices that are right for you.B.T he goal of an ad is to sell you something.C.Be sure to work through the critical questions.D.And examine the findings of the original research.E.Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.F.Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author Ds point of view.G.T he following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.二、各区模拟A 2018各区模拟11套2018海淀一模Radar is an electronic device that detects planes,ships,coastlines,landmarks,and even storm clouds.T hename radar comes from the first letters of the words radio direction and ranging.As the human eye uses lightwaves to see,radar sees with radio waves.Without radar,planes could not land safely in bad weather and shipscould not move safely in thick fog.In the 1800s it was discovered that radio waves could be reflected from objects.But scientists did not makegreat advances in radar research until the 1930s,when the world was threatened by war.2 It has beenused widely in almost every conflict since then.Echoes make it possible for radar to work.When a beam of radio waves is sent out,it strikes on an object andreturns an echo.T his echo is picked up by radar and recorded on a screen similar to television screen.On thescreen an observer sees a flash,or a blip,that shows the direction and distance of the object.3Airport control towers use radar to guide planes in for safe landings.Almost all large ships depend on radarto prevent collisions with icebergs or other ships.4 Weather forecasters see the size,direction,andspeed of storms on radar screens.Astronomers can even use radar to measure accurately the distance to the moon.T hus,the device has generated major advancements.5Huge radar antennas have been installed all over the United States.T hey guard us againstpossible enemy attacks.We have ballistic missiles（战略导弹）warning systems that can alert us to attacks whenmissiles are more than 1,000 miles away.Other radar systems warn us against enemy aircraft and even spyingspace satellites.A.Police track speeders in radar-equipped cars.B.T hese measurements are now highly accurate.C.T he device can be used in a wide range of fields.D.It is therefore especially valuable to shippers and travelers.E.During World War II many countries used radar effectively.F.T oday radar is used by commercial airliners and weather forecasters.G.Strengthening national defense is one of radar 5s most important functions.2018丰台一模People Are PeopleGlobalization has brought different cultures together in a way unimaginable one hundred years ago.T oday,Chinese,Indians,Arabs,Africans,Anglos,and Hispanics may all work in the same offices,attend the same schoolsor live in the same neighborhoods.And our society has lately emphasized the importance of diversity.2 T ake the following old proverbs for example.“Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom.T homas Jefferson,American President“One falsehood spoils a thousand truths.African proverb“Be honest to those who are honest,and be also honest to those who are not honest.Lao T zu,Chinesephilosopher“A sacrifice is written off by a lie and the merit of devotion by an act of cheat.,Hindu saying3 T here seems to be a sort of cultural unity.We dont wish to imply all cultures are the same.Cultural diversity is real,and people from different culturesview many situations in diffe
