中考英语《时态复习系列》-中考英语时态复习.pdf

中考英语时态复习：过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态.是在某一过去时之后发生的动作.我们可以理解为它是 立足于过去，着眼于未来 的一种时态.E.g.L i M i n g s ai dt h at y o u w o u l d b e h ap p y i f y o u h e ar d fr o m m e.过去将来时还可表示过去习惯性的动作.E g.E v e r y e v e n i n g M r.W an g w o u l d g o an d t al k w i t h h i s s t u d e n t s.过去将来时常用在宾语从句中.主句为过去时，从句表示将要发生的事情.E.g.I d i d n tk n o w i f s h e w o u l d c o m e.它也常用于间接引语中.E.g.He t o l d m e t h at h e w o u l d g o o n a t r i p t o B e i j i n g t h en e x t d ay.其结构为M w o u l d/s h o u l d +v.第一人称用s h o u l d,其它人称用w o u l d.E.g.I h o p e dI s h o u l d b e w e l l ag ai n v e r y s o o n.M y m o t h e r t o l d m e s h e w o u l d g o s h o p p i n g.过去将来时也可以用 w as/w e r e g o i n g t o +v 来表示.E.g.He s ai d t h at h e w asg o i n g t o h av e a w al k w i t h h i s m o t h e r.注 意:g o ,c o m e,l e av e,s t a r t 等表示位置移动的动词，常用过去进行时表示一个当时按计划或安排近期将要发生的事情.E.g.He d i d n t s ay w h e n h e w as c o m i n g.常见错误是：在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中忘记用一般过去时代替过去将来时.例：He s ai d t h at h e w as g o i n g t o t h e Gr e at W al l i f i t w o u l d n5 t r ai n (r ai n)t h en e x t Sat u r d ay.答 案:d i d n,t r ai n解析：条件状语从句和时间状语从句中一般不用过去将来时，而常用般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作.专项练习：一、单选1-Th e p l an e i s l e av i n g r i g h t n o w,b u t J i m h as n，t ar r i v e d y e t.-W e l l,h e s ai d h e _ _ _ _ _ h e r e o n t i m e.A c am e B w o u l d c o m e C c an b e D w i l l b e2 As s o o n as t h e b ab y s aw h e r m o t h e r,s h e _ _ _ _.A w as g o i n g t o c r y B c r y e d C b e g an t o c r y D w as c r y i n g3 L i M i n g s ai d h e h ap p y i f B r i an t o C h i n a n e x t m o n t h.A as;c o m e B w as;w o u l d c o m e C w o u l d b e;c am e D w i l l b e;c o m e4J e n n y s ai d s h e h e r h o l i d ay i n C h i n a.A s p e n t B w o u l d s p e n t C w as g o i n g t o s p e n t D w o u l d s p e n d答案：I B 2 A 3C 4 D二、填空1 Sh e s ai d t h e b u s (l e av e)at fi v e t h e n e x t m o r n i n g.2 I w as n，t s u r e w h e t h e r h e (l e n d)m e h i s b o o k t h e n e x t m o r n i n g.3 He w as fi ft y-s i x.I n t w o y e ar s h e (b e)fi ft y-e i g h t.4 W h e n e v e r s h e h as t i m e,s h e (h e l p)t h e m i n t h e i r w o r k.答案：1 w as l e av i n g 2 w o u l d l e n d 3 w o u l d b e 4 w o u l d h e l p中考英语时态复习：过去进行时过去进行时是表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行或发生的动作。可以从两个方面来理解：1 过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作。E.g.Th e y w e r e p l ay i n g fo o t b al l at t e n o c l o c k y e s t e r d ay m o r n i n g.M y m o t h e r w as c o o k i n g w h e n I g o t h o m e.I w as w as h i n g m y c l o t h e s at t h i s t i m e y e s t e r d ay.2 过去某阶段持续进行的动作 W h at w e r e y o u d o i n g d u r i n g t h e h o l i d ay?另外，在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时e.g.J e n n y w as r e ad i n g w h i l e D an n y w as w r i t i n g.其结构是助动词b e 的过去形式w as/w e r e +v-i n g.其句式变化仍然要在b e 上做文章。E.g.W e w e r e w o r k i n g i n c l as s.W e w e r e n,t w o r k i n g i n c l as s.W e r e y o u w o r k i n gi n c l as s?过去进行时常与过去某特定时间的状语连用，如 l as t n i g h t,at t h at t i m e,at n o o ny e s t e r d ay,l as t Su n d ay 等。也有时没有时间状语，要通过匕 下文的暗示来确定用过去进行时。E.g.Th e s t u d e n t s al l w o r k e d h ar d.E v e r y o n e k n e w w h at h e w as w o r k i n g fo r.做题时常见错误如下：一、易把b e+现在分词记成b e+过去分词例：He w as t al k e d (t al k)t o h i s m u m at t h at t i m e.答案：w as t al k i n g解析：过去进行时与现在进行时结构上的区别体现在b e 动词上。二、丢掉b e 动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词例：1 I w at c h i n g (w at c h)TV w h e n h e c am e i n.2 Th e y w e r e p l ay (p l ay)g am e s at 5：00 p.m.y e s t e r d ay.答案：1 w as w at c h i n g 2 w e r e p l ay i n g解析：现在进行时中“b e+现在分词，缺一不可”的规律也可应用于过去进行时。三、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉d o i n g例：W e w e r e fl y i n g k i t e s at 5：00 p.m.y e s t e r d ay.(对划线部分提问)W h at w e r e y o u at 5：00 p.m.y e s t e r d ay?答案：W h at w e r e y o u d o i n g at 5：00 p.m.y e s t e r d ay?解析：现在进行时中“W h at d o i n g”？句式同样适用于过去进行时。四、易与现在进行时弄混例：M y m o t h e r i s c o o k i n g (c o o k)w h e n I g o t h o m e.答案：w as c o o k i n g解析：这两种时态的共同点是都表示动作正在进行，但现在进行时前提是现在，而过去进行时前提是过去，由w h e n I g o t h o m e 可看出前提是过去。五、易与-般过去时弄混例：昨晚我在读一本故事书。I re a d (re a d)a sto ry b o o k ye ste rd a y e ve n i n g.答案：wa s re a d i n g解析：这两种时态的共同点是都用于表示过去发生的动作。但过去进行时强调动作正在进行，而一般过去时则表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，它表示的动作往往已经完成。“在 说明正在进行，而“I re a d a sto ry b o o k ye ste rd a y e ve n i n g.”的意思是昨晚我读了一本故事书，言下之意已经读完了。故用过去进行时。另外，在宾语从句中当主句为过去时，从句若是现在进行时，需变成过去进行时。e.g.He said that he was drawing a cat at noon yesterday.专项训练：-、单选1 What from three to four yesterday afternoon?A have you done B had you done C did you do D were you doing2-1 call you yesterday evening,but there was no answer.-Oh.,I m sorry I dinner at my friend s home.A home B had C was having D have had3 My mother while my father TV.A cooked；was watching B was cooking；was watchingC was cooked；watched D cooked；watched4 When I got home,my son _ the music.A am listening to B listened to C was listening to D was listening5 We heard a cry when we TV last night.A we re wa tc h i n g B wo uld wa tc h C wa tc h D wa tc h e d6 S h e a sk e d h i m wh e th e r h e b a c k f o r lun c h.A c o m e B wa s c o m i n g C c a m e D h a d c o m e7 C o uld yo u te ll m e wh e nA sh e i s c o m i n g B sh e wa s c o m i n g C wi ll b e c o m e D i s h e c o m i n g8 T h e te a c h e r wh e n I c a m e i n to th e c la ssro o m.A i s d ra wi n g B d ra ws C h a s d ra wn D wa s d ra wi n g9 T h e pi zza b y m y m o th e r.W o uld yo u li k e to h a ve so m e?A m a k e s B wa s m a k i n g C m a d e D wa s m a d e1 0 No b o d y n o ti c e d wh a t sh e a t th e m o m e n t.A wi ll d o B wa s d o i n g C h a s d o n e D h a d d o n e1 1 W a s i t ra i n i n g h a rd wh e n yo u th i s m o rn i n g?A le f t B le a ve s C wa s le a vi n g D wo uld le a ve答案：I D 2 c 3 B 4 C 5 A 6 B 7 A 8 D 9 D 1 0 B 1 1 A、填空 1 t h e y (f e e d)th e a n i m a ls a t 5：0 0 ye ste rd a y a f te rn o o n?2 M rs.G re e n (n o t wa sh)c lo th e s a t th i s ti m e ye ste rd a y.3 G ra n d pa (m e n d)h i s c lo c k wh e n I re a c h e d h o m e.4 A s I(wa lk)i n th e pa rk,I sa w so m e c h i ld re n pla yi n g g a m e s.答案：1 we re f e e d i n g 2 wa sn t wa sh i n g 3 wa s m e n d i n g 4 wa s wa lk i n g中考英语时态复习：过去完成时过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,动作发生的时间是 过去的过去”.它是一个相对的时态，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到。E.g.B y th e e n d o f th e m a tc h,th e y h a d k i c k e d two g o a ls.W e h a d a lre a d y h a d lun c h b e f o re we a rri ve d th e re.其结构是h a d+过去分词.它的否定句是在h a d 后边加n o t,变一般疑问句是把h a d 提刖。E.g.I h a d re a c h e d th e sta ti o n b e f o re 9：0 0 o,c lo c k.I h a d n o t re a c h e d th e sta ti o n b e f o re 9：0 0 o*c lo c k.H a d yo u re a c h e d th e sta ti o n b e f o re 9：0 0 o c lo c k?它通常和b e f o re,b y th e e n d of等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。另外，复合句的主句为一般过去时.，宾语从句表达过去发生的动作时，从句也要用过去完成时。e.g.H e sa i d h e h a d n e ve r se e n suc h a n e xc i ti n g m a tc h b e f o re.做题时常见错误如下：一、h a d 形式易写错例：H e h a d s(h a ve)g o n e h o m e wh e n I g o t to h i s o f f i c e.答案：h a d解析：h a ve/h a s的过去式都为h a d,h a d 在过去完成时中也是助动词，不能再有单三人称的变化。二、易与现在完成时弄混例：H e a sk e d wh a t I h a ve (h a ve)sa i d.答案：h a d解析：现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果。而过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果。三、易与一般过去时弄混例：S h e li ve d (li ve)i n Ne w Y o rk f o r e i g h t ye a rs b e f o re h e c a m e to C h i n a.答案：h a d li ve d解析：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。而过去完成时主要体现过去发生的两动作先后有别，即比过去发生的某动作还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的是过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时。专项练习：一、单选1 When Li Ming hurried home,he found that his motheralreadytohospital.A has；been sent B had；sent C has；sent D had；been sent2 We _five English songs by the end of last term.A had learned B learned C have learned D will have learned3 Han Mei told me she lunch,so she was very hungry.A has had B hasn，t have C have had D hadnt had4 By the end of 1976,many buildings built in the city.A have been B have C had been D will5 She her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband_ home.A has left；comes B had left；would come C had left；came D left；hadcome6 He said that it was at least ten years since I _ a good drink.A had enjoyed B was enjoying C have enjoyed D have been enjoying7 The meeting _ when Mr.Wang _to school.A has begun；getB has been on；getC had begun；gotD had been on；got答案：ID 2A 3D 4c 5c 6A 7c二、填空1 When I returned home,he (leave)。2 By ten yesterday evening,she (finish)writing.3 He (study)English for five years before he came here.4 It _ (stop)raining when I wake up this morning.5 I (not read)the book because I had read it before.6 She said s h e (be)born in 1992.7 When he(come)to China two years ago he found people didn,t understandhim at all though he (learn)some Chinese in his own country.8 I saw Han Mei yesterday.We (not see)each other since left Beijing.9 When I got to his home,he(go)to bed.10 She asked if Mr.Liu already (come)back.答案：1 had left 2 had finished 3 had studied 4 had stopped5 didn，t read 6 was 7 came had learned8 hadnt seen 9 had gone 10 had come中考英语时态复习：现在进行时作谓语的动词用来表示动作（情况）发生时间的各种形式称为时态。现在进行时1、现 在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，强 调“此时此刻”。E.g.H e i s re a d i n g .T h e y a re ta lk i n g n o w.2、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。E.g.T h e y a re wo rk i n g th e se d a ys.3、某些动词的现在进行时，表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。E.g I a m c o m i n g.其结构为b e+现在分词。现在分词的变法有1、一般在动词词尾加上-i n g2、以不发音字母e 结尾的动词，先去e,再加-i n g.E.g h a ve wri te3、以重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词，它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加上-ing.E.g.sit put其句式变换都在b e上做文章。E.g.H e is b uy ing a b ike.I s he b uy ing a b ike?H e isn t b uy ing a b ike.一般由look,listen,now,a t this moment等时间状语做标志。尽管现在进行时比较简单，但在做题过程中也常会犯一些错误,常见的错误有如卜几种:专项训练：一、单选1、L ook!H e _A.is helpingC.is help2、a re thA .W hoC.W ha t3、D on t ta lkA.is sleepingC.sleeping4、D a nnyA.is w riteingtheir mother d o the housew ork.B.a re helpD.is helppingb oy s d oing?T hey a re singing in the room.B .H owD.W herehere.M y mother.B .a re sleepingD ,sleepD on t c a ll him.B .is w ritingC.w ritingD .w rites5、-When he back?-Sorry,I don t know.A.does,come B.are comingC.is come D.is coming答案：A C A B D二、填空1、It s ten o clock.My mother (lie)in bed.2、What_he (mend)?3、We (play)games now.4 What _you_(do)these days?5、he _(clean)the classroom?6、W h o (sing)in the next room?7、The girl_(like)wearing a sweater.Look!She_(wear)a red sweatertoday.答案：1 is lying 2 is mending 3 are playing 4 are doing5 I s c lea ning 6 is singing 7 likes；is w ea ring一把动词变成现在分词形式易出错例：1、T hey a re sw iming.(sw im)2、J enny is pla iing(pla y)footb a ll.答案：1.sw imming 2.pla y ing解析：动词变现在分词可有如下口诀：“一添一去y 不变”。“添”指双写规则：“一去”指去掉不发音字母e 规则：“y 不变”指要与名词变复数区分开。二 丢掉b e动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词例：1、L ook,tw o c hild ren fly ing,(fly)a kite in the pa rk.2、L i M ingisn t rea d (not rea d)a b ook in b ed now.答案：1 a re fly ing 2 isn*t rea d ing解析：现在进行时肯定句的结构规律为：“b e+现在分词，缺一不可”。这一点必须牢记。三 对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉d oing例:1、T he stud ents a re singing in the room.（对划线部分提问）W ha t a re the stud ents in the room?答案：W ha t a re the stud ents d oing in the room?解析：现在进行忖态中对动作提问可记住此句式“W ha t+b e+主语+d oing+其它？”或简写为“W ha t.d oing.?句式。四现在进行时态的选择疑问句中易忽视or后用现在分词形式例：孩子们在跑还是在跳？A re the c hild ren running or jump?答案：A re the c hild ren running or jumping?解析:or连接的是两个并列成分，动词形式须致。中考英语时态复习：现在完成时现在完成时表示：1）过去发生或已经完成的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果。（即它的 完成用法）e.g.I ha v e just c lea ned the c la ssroom.2)过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。注意：此时动作可能还要继续。(即它 的 未完成用法)。E.g.He has lived in Beijing for ten years.其结构是“have/has+过去分词”。过去分词的变化分规则与不规则两种。规则变化与过去式相同，不规则变化需要另记。它的否定句是在have/has后边加n o t,变一般疑问句是把have/has提前。E.g.I have ridden a horse.I have not ridden a horse.Have you ridden a horse?它的时间状语通常为already,just,yet,ever,never,before等。另外还可和since+表过去的时间点，for+时间段连用。做题时常见错误如下：一、易丢掉 have/has例：He taken(take)the medicine before.答案：has taken解析：have/has为助动词，起构成时态的作用，是不能省略的。我们可以这样记：“现在完成时态中,have/has不可缺。”二、have与has易用混例：I has never heard(hear)of that before.答案：have heard解析:现在完成时与一般现在时一样也有单三人称的变化，当单三人称作主语时用h a s,一般人称作主语时用h a v e.三、延续性动词与短暂性动词易弄错例：Sh e h a s l eft （离开）fo r 2 h o u rs.答案：h a s b een a w a y解析：在肯定句中，与 s in c e或 fo r引出的时间状语连用的是延续性动词，不能是短暂性动词，但在否定句中短暂性动词也是可以的。E.g.I h a v en，t b o u g h t c l o t h es fo r o n e y ea r.在此题中 l ea v e 是短暂性动词，不能与 fo r+时间段连用，须把它改成相应的延续性动词。如 s t o p b e o v er等。此题中l ea v e要改成b e a w a y.这两种词的转换是学习现在完成时需要注意的。专项练习：一、单选1 Y o u h a v e a t a l l y o u n g m a n.A g ro w n B g ro w n in t o C g ro w n u s D g ro w n u p2 He h a s _ _ _ t h e w a t c h fo r a y ea r.A b u y B b o u g h t C h a v e D h a d3 Ha s y o u r b ro t h ert h e do g?A kept in B fed C fed on D kept on41 this book for two weeks,I have to return it now.A borrowed B have borrowed C kept I)have kept5 Have you ever to the Great Wall?Its very beautiful.A gone B been C went D go6 Her brotherthe Party since 1978.A joined B has joinedC has been in D was in7 The Greensmany places of interest since they came to China.A will visit B visited C have visited D visit8 I,m sorry,I your name.A had forgotten B forgot C have forgotten D forgotten9 The bookshop for eight years.A has been open B has been opened Chas opened D has open10 W e have_ all the paper so we need to buy some.A used up B made of C filled with D hunted for11 The flower I _grown up.A planted has B planted have C has planted D have planted答案：1 B 2 D 3 B 4 D 5 B 6 c 7 c 8 c 9A 10 A 11 A二、填空1 Have you ever (take)a train?2 It (be)more than three years since Jim _ (leave)here.3 Have you (make)friends with your new classmates yet?4 I (have)my lunch and Im not hungry now.5 Jim has never seen a panda,he?6 We (be)good friends since we met at school.7 We cant find him anywhere.Perhaps he_ (go)home.8 He (read)the book before.9 Mr.Green(teach)us a lot about social studies since September.10 I never_ (meet)her sister before.答案:1 t a k en 2 h a s b een,l eft 3 m a de 4 h a v e h a d 5 h a s6 h a v e b een 7 h a s g o n e 8 h a s rea d 9 h a s t a u g h t 1 0 h a v e m et四、h a v e b een t o 与 h a v e g o n e t o 易弄混例：我去过北京。I h a v e g o n e t o B eij in g.答案：I h a v e b een t o B eij in g.解析：h a v e b een t o+地点是表示曾去过某地，但此刻不在那儿（即在说话的地方）。而 h a v e g o n e t o+地点是表示去某地了，此刻在路上或已经到了那个地方（即不在说话的地方）。注意：这两个句式后接副词时，需省t o.E.g.He h a s g o n e t h ere.五、忘记把 a l rea dy 变成 y et 例：I h a v e a l rea dy fin is h ed m y h o m ew o rk.（变一般疑问句）Ha v e y o u a l rea dy fin is h ed y o u r h o m ew o rk?答案：Ha v e y o u fin is h ed y o u r h o m ew o rk y et?解析：现在完成时态中，肯定句中有a l rea dy,变否定句或疑问句时通常要改为y et.六、在条件、时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来例：r 1 1 g o w it h y o u w h en I fin is h (fin is h)m y h o m ew o rk.答案：h a v e fin is h ed解析：在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来完成的动作，用现在完成时。但注意，此时表示这动作将在另一动作之前完成，若两动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生，则一般不用现在完成时。另外，现在完成时易与殷过去时弄混，前边已经讲过，这里不在重复。中考英语时态复习：一般过去时一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以F几个方面来理解：1）过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g.I b o u g h t a n ew s h irt y es t erda y.He w a s a w o rk er t w o y ea rs a g o.2）过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g.W h en I w a s a c h il d,I o ft en p l a y ed w it h fire.L i L ei a l w a y s w a l k ed t o s c h o o ll a s t t erm.3）谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。e.g.L u X u n w a s a g rea t w rit er.4）有些发生时间不是很清楚的情况，实际是过去发生的，也应用过去时态。e.g.W h a t did y o u s a y?另外，还可用过去时表示委婉的语气。e.g.C o u l d y o u l en d m e y o u r p en?其结构是主语+动词的过去式.b e动词的过去式为w a s,w ere；行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化有以下几种情况：1）直接在动词原形末尾加-ed.e.g.wo rk-wo rk ed；a s k-a s k ed；2）以 e 结尾的动词只加-d.e.g.a rri v e-a rri v ed；l i k e-l i k ed.3）末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed.e.g.s ho p-s ho p p ed；4）以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词，先把y 变 成 1,再加-ed.e.g.ca rry-ca rri ed;s t u