中考英语试题解析版汇编阅读理解-非选择型.pdf
最新最全2011年全国各地中考英语试题分类汇编英语阅读理解(判断型)【基础知识】正误判断类阅读主要表现在:一是结合材料所述事实的判断,二是对事实所描述的现象进行推测性判断。前者一般比较好处理,在紧扣材料,细心寻找S的基础上能较为容易地得出答案,而推测性判断则要在充分领会作者意图和准确分析语句内涵的前提下,有根据地进行推断,进而确定答案。常用方法有排除法、反证法、比为法。题目1 O n c e t h e r e wa s a k i n g wh o h a s t wo se r va n t s wh o wo r k e d so we l l a n d so h o n e st l y(诚实的)t h a t h em a d e t h e m c a p t a i n s(上尉)i n h i s a r m y.T h e d a y a f t e r t h e y h a d b e c o m e c a p t a i n s,t h e k i n g sa wt h e m a n d sa i d,,zW h a t i s t h e r e a so n f o r yo ur b e c o m i n g c a p t a i n s,d o yo u t h i n k?”T h e f i r st c a p t a i n a n swe r e d,I t i s b e c a use I a m a l uc k y m a n.B ut t h e se c o n d sa i d,I ti s b e c a use yo u a r e k i n d a n d g e n e r o us(慷慨的).T h e k i n g sa i d t h a t h e l i k e d b o t h t h e c a p t a i n s*a n swe r s.T o sh o w yo u t h a t I m p l e a se d wi t hyo u,r m g o i n g t o g i ve e a c h o f yo u a p r e se n t,h e sa i d.B o t h p r e se n t s h a ve t h e sa m e va l ue (价值),a n d b o t h a r e f r o m m y o wn g a r d e n s.H e t h e n g a ve t h e f i r st c a p t a i n a c o c o n ut (椰子)a n dt h e se c o n d a b un c h o f r i p e (成熟的)b a n a n a s.B ut wh e n h e wa s g i vi n g t h e b a n a n a s t o t h e se c o n dc a p t a i n,h e se c r e t l y t o o k a ve r y va l ua b l e r i n g (戒指)o f f h i s f i n g e r (手指)a n d p ush e d i t i n t oo n e o f t h e b a n a n a s.W h i l e t h e t wo c a p t a i n s we r e wa l k i n g h o m e,t h e se c o n d c a p t a i n t o l d t h e f i r st t h a t h i s wi f ed i d n o t l i k e b a n a n a s,a n d a sk e d h i m wh e t h e r h e wa s wi l l i n g (愿意的)t o g i ve h i m t h e c o c o n ut a n dt a k e t h e b a n a n a s.T h e f i r st c a p t a i n k n e w t h a t h i s o wn wi f e d i d n o t l i k e b a n a n a s,e i t h e r,b ut a s h e wa s a nun se l f i sh (不自私的)m a n,h e sa i d t h a t h e wo ul d d o a s t h e se c o n d c a p t a i n wa n t e d b e c a use h e wa sh i s f r i e n d.T h a t e ve n i n g,t h e f i r st c a p t a i n b e g a n t o e a t t h e b a n a n a s a n d f o un d t h e r i n g i n t h e m.A to n c e,h e h ur r i e d t o t h e k i n g wi t h i t.W h e n t h e k i n g sa w i t a n d h e a r d wh a t h a d h a p p e n e d,h e we n tf o r t h e se c o n d c a p t a i n a n d sa i d t o h i m,I wa n t e d t o g i ve yo u t h e r i n g b e c a use yo u sa i d t h a tI wa s k i n d a n d g e n e r o us;b ut i t se e m s(似乎)t h a t yo ur f r i e n d r e a l l y i s l uc k y m a n a s h e sa i d!根据短文内容,正确(T),错误(F)。1 T h e k i n g wa s ve r y p l e a se d wi t h t h e t wo se r va n t s.2 I n f a c t,t h e k i n g wa s so c a r e l e ss t h a t h e l e f t t h e r i n g i n t o o n e o f t h e b a n a n a s.3 T h e k i n g g a ve o n e o f t h e m so m e B a n a n a s a n d t h e o t h e r a c o c o n ut.4 T h e se c o n d c a p t a i n s wi f e l i k e d t h e b a n a n a s m o r e t h a n t h e c o c o n ut.5 T h e f i r st c a p t a i n c a r e d (关心)o n l y f o r h i m se l f.【趋势预测】本材料的故事性较强,理解起来相对容易些,在中考题中,故事类阅读题目比较容易得出答案,但其中一般都有1 2道对作者意图或故事细节方面考查的题目,也需慎重对待。【解题关键】本文讲述了一位国王奖励他的两个仆人的故事。山于第二个仆人比较会说话,国王在奖励他的香蕉中悄悄放进了一枚戒指。可是在半路上,两个仆人鬼使神差的对换了礼物。戒指被第一个仆人发现了国王也觉得这是运气所致。做判断题时,抓住题目中的题眼,判断事实,并以此为基础,对此事实叙述有关的材料,通过比对,运用排除法,获取正确答案。【答案解析】1)(T)文中第三段首句“The k i n g sai d t hat he l i k e d bot h t he capt ai n s an swe rsv2)(F)由第三段中 he se cre t l y t ook.”一句可推知,并不是 care l e ss”3)(T)这是事实判断,由第三段中“He t he n gave t he fi rst.”一句得知。4)(F)由第四段中.t he se con d capt ai n t ol d t he fi rst t hat hi s wi fe d i d n ot l i k e ban an as.”一句得知。5)(F)文中第五段”.he was an u n se l fi sh m anw 推知。题目2 O n e spri n g I we n t t o Fu n e n t o m ak e su re t hat Rol T s d e t e ct i ve(侦探)work was n ot som e k i n dof u n t ru e st ory.Aft e r t e a an d cak e s S ve n son an d I t al k e d an d wat che d Rol l.The d og l ook e dd i ffe re n t from t he ot he rs.He se e m e d t o be cl e ve re r.The n,t he t e l e phon e ran g an d I he ardS ve n son say i n g,A wal l e t (钱包)?I can,t prom i se (保证),bu t we l l d o ou r be st.An hou r l at e r we we re i n a park,wal k i n g am on g t he t re e s wi t h Ax e l Je n se n.M r Je n se n hadt e l e phon e d be cau se he had l ost hi s wal l e t som e whe re i n t he fore st t e n d ay s be fore whi l e pi ck i n gfl owe rs wi t h hi s wi fe.S i n ce t he n,hu n d re d s of pe opl e had gon e wal k i n g he re,an d i t had rai n e d.Fi n d i n g t hat wal l e t wou l d n,t be e asy!For hal f an hou r Rol l ran abou t i n wi d e,brok e n ci rcl e s(圆圈).At t i m e s,S ve n son wou l dcal l hi m back or t e l l hi m t o k e e p l ook i n g.N o wal l e t was fou n d.We d rove t o an ot he r part of t he fore st.Agai n Rol l ran abou t wi t h hi s n ose t o t he we te art h.S ve n son shou t e d at hi m from t i m e t o t i m e.I d on,t k n ow at what m om e n t we be gan t o n ot i ce(注意)t hat Rol l was wal k i n g abou t i n sm al l e r ci rcl e s.S ve n son was n ow st an d i n g at t he ot he rsi d e of a ri ve r.He was st rai ght,gi vi n g i n st ru ct i on s t hat on l y Rol l cou l d u n d e rst an d.S u d d e n l y Rol l be gan t o d i g t he soft e art h.He st oppe d,l ook e d abou t an d d u g agai n a fe wm e t re s away.The n he chan ge d hi s m i n d an d be gan t o d i g fu rt he r t o t he ri ght.Al l at on ce hej u m pe d u p,he ad hi gh.He was hol d i n g som e t hi n g d ark i n hi s m ou t h.It was t he wal l e t!Je n se ncri e d wi t h su rpri se an d gre at pl e asu re.“Te l l m e,S ve n son,z/I sai d l at e r.How d oe s a d og go abou t fi n d i n g a wal l e t so sm al li n su ch a l arge fore st cove re d wi t h e art h?”S ve n son sm i l e d as he an swe re d,I k n e w t he re was n ot hi n g i n t he fi rst pl ace be cau se Rol lshowe d n o i n t e re st.Bu t i n t he se con d pl ace I cou l d t e l l from t he way Rol l act e d t hat he hadpi ck e d u p som e-t hi n g.The sm e l l had re ache d hi m t hrou gh t he ai r from t he wal l e t d roppe d t e nd ay s ago.根据短文内容,判断句子的正(T)误(F)。1 Rol l i s t he n am e of a cl e ve r d og.2 M r Je n se n phon e d S ve n son for he l p aft e r hi s wal l e t was l ost i n a park at on ce.3 At fi rst,Rol l cou l d n,t fi n d t he wal l e t be cau se t he wal l e t was at t he ot he r si d e of t he ri ve r.4 Rol l cou l d fi n d som e t hi n g whe n he be gan t o wal k abou t i n sm al l ci rcl e.5 Rol l d u g fou r t i m e s t o fi n d ou t t he d ark wal l e t.【趋势预测】此种题材的文章虽然具有较强的故事性,但其叙述方式如侦探故事发展情节一样,有种扑朔迷离的感觉,读起来稍有难度。中考阅读题目有许多这种形式的考题,学生乍一读起来摸不清头绪,非等到最后进行全文审视时,才恍然大悟,其押题指数自然就高。【解题关键】本文讲述了一条优秀的侦探名犬破案的传奇故事。理解本材料要理清两点:一是文中的人物角色及身份(I 一wri t e r;S ve n son-own e r Rol f-a d og;Je n se n t he m an l ost wal l e t);二是故事发展中不停交换地点(Fu n e n-hom e;P ark;an ot he r part offore st;Ri ve r si d e s)【答案解析】1 )(T)全文中最重要的角色2)(F)文中第二段“.he had l ost.t e n d ay s be fore.”而 不 是“at on ce 3)(T)由 F 文 中“S ve n son was st an d i n g at t he ot he r si d e of a ri ve r”一句可知4)(T)由第四段中“Rol f was wal k i n g a bou t i n sm al l e r ci rcl e”可知5)(F)由 “.be gan t o d i g-d u g agai n-d i g fu rt he r,可知,共挖了三次。【真题荟萃】【20 1 1 上海】V II.Re ad i n g com pre he n si on (阅读理解):(共 56 分)A.Tru e or Fal se(判断下列句子是否符合短文内容,符合的用“T”表示,不符合的用“F”表 示):(7分)Bi g g i e Bu r g e r,a n e w f a s t f o o d r e s t a u r a n t,w i l l s o o n b e o p e n e d i n t h e t o w n.A l a r g e g r o u po f k i d s a n d p a r e n t s w e r e h o l d i n g s i g n s s h o u t i n g o u t s i d e i t y e s t e r d a y.T h e y w e r e t h e r e b e c a u s eh e y d i d n t w a n t t h e r e s t a u r a n t t o o p e n.N e v e r!“T h i s k i n d o f f o o d i s r e a l l y b a d f o r u s!”s a i d D i a n a,I t s h i g h i n s a l t,f a t,a n d s u g a r,i t s u n h e a l t h y a n d w e a r e g o i n g t o s a y n o t o i t!”“O u r t o w n h a s b e e n a q u i e t p l a c e.R e s t a u r a n t s l i k e t h i s b r i n g p e o p l e a n d a l s o a l o t o f t r o u b l et o t h i s a r e a,“s a i d Ba r b a r a.An d I m a f r a i d t h e y w i l l t a k e b u s i n e s s a w a y f o r m o u r l o c a lr e s t a u r a n t s.”O t h e r l o c a l p e o p l e d i s a g r e e .T h e o f f i c i a l s b e l i e v e t h a t Bi g g i e Bu r g e r w i l l b r i n g i n h u g ea m o u n t s o f m o n e y t o h e l p i m p r o v e t h e t o w n.An d 17-y e a r-o l d S a n d y c a n t w a i t f o r Bi g g i e Bu r g e rt o o p e n.I l o v e t h e i r h a m b u r g e r s a n d f r i e d c h i c k e n w i n g s!An d I c a n g e t a j o b t h e r e.”S a n d y s d a d,a c l e a n e r,a g r e e s,“Bi g g i e Bu r g e r*s p r i c e s a r e j u s t r i g h t f o r a f a m i l y l i k eo u r s.”M i c h a e l,w h o o w n s a t o y s h o p n e x t d o o r t o Bi g g i e Bu r g e r,i s e x c i t e d,t o o.M a y b e p e o p l ew h o c o m e f o r a Bi g g i e Bu r g e r w i l l s p e n d a f e w m i n u t e s i n m y s t o r e a n d p i c k u p s o m e t h i n g.”T h e t o w n w i l l h o l e a m e e t i n g o n T h u r s d a y t o h e a r s i d e s.E v e r y o n e i s w e l c o m e t o a t t e n d i t.C o m e a n d v o i c e y o u r o p i n i o n!71.Bi g g i e Bu r g e r w a s o p e n e d y e s t e r d a y a n d m a n y p e o p l e w e r e t h e r e.72.D i a n a t h i n k s t h a t t h e f o o d i n Bi g g i e Bu r g e r i s t o o e x p e n s i v e.73.Ba r b a r a i s a f r a i d t h a t f e w e r p e o p l e w i l l c o m e t o t h e l o c a l r e s t a u r a n t s.74.S a n d y h a s f o u n d a j o b i n Bi g g i e Bu r g e r a n d l o v e s f o o d t h e r e.75.C l e a n e r s l i k e S a n d yJ s d a d i n t h e t o w n c a n a f f o r d t h e f o o d i n Bi g g i e Bu r g e r.76.M i c h a e l w e l c o m e s t h e o p e n i n g o f Bi g g i e Bu r g e r.77.T h e t o m d o e s n,t c a r e a b o u t p e o p l e s o p i n i o n s w h e n m a k i n g a d e c i s i o n.【主旨大意】新型快餐店Bi g g i e Bu r g e r 将要在镇上开业了,镇上的人们对此褒贬不一。部分人对这家商店持反对意见;但是也有人持欢迎态度,觉得这是个机遇。A:71.F【解析】根据文章第一段第一句话可以看出Bi g g i e Bu r g e r 目前还没开业,所以是错误的;72.F【解析】由文章第二段可以看出D i a n a 并不是因为这种食物价格昂贵,而是因为这种食物“高盐、高脂肪、高糖,是一种不健康的食物”才反对的;73.T 【解析】由文章第三段句子An d I m a f r a i d t h e y w i l l t a k e b u s i n e s s a w a y f r o m o u r l o c a lr e s t a u r a n t s.w可以看出该说法是正确的。74.F【解析】由文章第三段最后两句话可以看出S a n d y 还没有在Bi g g i e Bu r g e r 店里找到工作,因为这个店还没开业;75.T 【解析】根据文章中的句子 S a n d y s d a d,a c l e a n e r,a g r e e s,“Bi g g i e Bu r g e rJ s p r i c e s a r ej u s t f o r a f a m i l y l i k e o u r s.w可以看出这种说法是正确的。76.T【解析】由文章倒数第四行句子M i c h a e l,,i s x c i t e d,t o o”及 M a y b e p e o p l e w h o w i l l s p e n da f e w m i n u t e s i n m y s t o r e a n d p i c k u p s o m e t h i n g.v 可以看出 M i c h a e l 是欢迎 Bi g g i e Bu r g e r 在他们村开业的。77.F【解析】由文章最后一段可以看出该村是关心人们的看法的。2011陕西】(判断型)AC l e a n w a t e r i s n o t o n l y i m p o r t a n t f o r p e o p l e t o p r o d u c e f o o d,b u t n e c e s s a r y f o r o u r l i f e.H o w e v e r,m a n y p e o p l e i n As i a a n d Af r i c a d o n,t h a v e e n o u g h c l e a n w a t e r t o u s e.T h e W o r l d H e a l t hO r g a n i z a t i o n r e p o r t s t h a t a l m o s t 4,000 c h i l d r e n d i e e a c h d a y o f d i r t y w a t e r o r l a c k (缺乏)o fw a t e r.F a r m e r s u s e 70-85%o f t h e w o r l d f r e s h w a t e r t o p r o d u c e f o o d.P e o p l e u s u a l l y d o n t p a y m u c ha t t e n t i o n t o h o w m u c h w a t e r i n d u s t r y(I)l k)u s e s,b u t y o u m a y b e s u r p r i s e d t o k n o w t h a t i n d u s t r yu s e s 59%o f t h e w a t e r i n d e v e l o p e d c o u n t r i e s.H o m e u s e t a k e s u p(占据)o n l y 8%i n t h e w o r l d.Bu t a s c i t i e s g r o w,m o r e w a t e r w i l l b e u s e d.T h e l o c a l g o v e r n m e n t h a s t o t r y t o m a k e p e o p l e u s e l e s s w a t e r.I n 60%o f E u r o p e a n c i t i e s,p e o p l e a r e s a v i n g w a t e r b y u s i n g l e s s.T h e y e v e n k e e p w a s t e w a f e rf o r o t h e r u s e.I n Au s t r a l i a,t h e g o v e r n m e n t h a s e n c o u r a g e d p e o p l e t o c o l l e c t r a i n w a t e r a n d r e c y c l e w a t e rf r o m s h o w e r s f o r a s e c o n d u s e.T h e U S E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n Ag e n c y h a s m a d e a w a t e r s a v i n g p r o g r a m t o e n c o u r a g e f a m i l i e sa n d b u s i n e s s e s t o c h e c k t h e i r w a t e r u s e a n d s a v e m o r e w a t e r.S c i e n t i s t s a n d t h e U N a r e l o o k i n gf o r g o o d w a t e r m a n a g e m e n t a s t h e k e y t o s o l v i n g t h e p r o b l e m.W e c a n a l l w o r k t o g e t h e r t o p r o t e c to u r f r e s h w a t e r i n o u r d a i l y l i f e.41.I n d e v e l o p e d c o u n t r i e s,m o s t w a t e r i s u s e d b y i n d u s t r y.42.P e o p l e i n As i a h a v e e n o u g h c l e a n w a t e r t o u s e.43.T o s a v e w a t e r,Au s t r a l i a n s a n d E u r o p e a n s b o t h c h o o s e t o r e c y c l e w a t e r f o r a s e c o n d u s e.44.Ac c o r d i n g t o t h e p a s s a g e,s c i e n t i s t s h a v e f o u n d g o o d w a y s t o d e a l w i t h w a t e r p r o b l e m s.45.H o m e u s e o f w a t e r w i l l i n c r e a s e b e c a u s e o f t h e g r o w i n g o f c i t i e s.【主旨大意】本文通过例举亚洲和非洲部分地区缺乏水资源的的例子,告诉人们要节约用水。41.A 从这句话“b u t y o u m a y b e s u r p r i s e d t o k n o w t h a t i n d u s t r y u s e s 59%o f t h e w a t e r i n d e v e l o p e dc o u n t r i e s.w得出答案。42.B 从这句话 uH o w e v e r,m a n y p e o p l e i n As i a a n d Af r i c a d o n t h a v e e n o u g h c l e a n w a t e r t o u s e.”得出答案。43.A通过课文三、四段可得知答案。44.B 从这句话 S c i e n t i s t s a n d t h e U N a r e l o o k i n g f o r g o o d w a t e r m a n a g e m e n t a s t h e k e y t o s o l v i n gt h e p r o b l e m.v 得出答案。45.A 从这句话“Bu t a s c i t i e s g r o w,m o r e w a t e r w i l l b e u s e d.”得出答案。第二节:阅读B、C、D三部分内容,从各小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的一个最佳答案。【2011黑龙江绥化市】(B)F r u i t a n d v e g e t a b l e s s h o u l d b e a p a r t o f w h a t w e e a t e v e r y d a y.E d u c a t i n g y o u r c h i l d r e n a b o u tt h e i m p o r t a n c e o f e a t i n g f r u i t a n d v e g e t a b l e s i s i m p o r t a n t f o r t h e i r h e a l t h.H e r e a r e s o m e f u na c t i v i t i e s t o h e l p y o u t e a c h y o u r c h i l d r e n a b o u t f r u i t a n d v e g e t a b l e s.*R e a d i n g i s o n e e x c e l l e n t w a y.C h o o s e a c o l o r f u l b o o k w i t h m a n y d i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f f r u i ta n d v e g e t a b l e s.*P r o v i d e y o u r c h i l d r e n w i t h f r u i t a n d v e g e t a b l e p u z z l e s.Y o u r c h i l d r e n w i l l b e a b l e t o s e ew h a t f r u i t a n d v e g e t a b l e s l o o k l i k e a s t h e y r e p u t t i n g t h e p u z z l e s t o g e t h e r.Y o u c a n a l s o t e a c ht h e m t h e d i f f e r e n t n a m e s o f f r u i t a n d v e g e t a b l e s.*E a c h d a y g i v e y o u r c h i l d r e n d i f f e r e n t f r u i t a n d v e g e t a b l e s t o e a t T h i s w i l l g i v e t h e