2023年高考模拟题.docx

2023高考模拟题(五) 1. Mom， Jack told me he wouldnt prepare us any gifts for this coming Christmas. . A. Its a date B. Who wants C. Its not big dealD. He has no sense 2. Such singers as Li Jian widely popular， of whose songs， however， some difficult to sing. A. are； areB. is； is C. are； isD. is； are 3. To the traditional engine of growth， we will focus on increasing the supply of public goods and services. A. transportB. transmit C. transformD. translate 4. The countrys Prime Ministers Office said on Wednesday that Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew remains ill in the ICU and his health has worsened further. A. consciouslyB. critically C. cruciallyD. confidentially 5. The rising tide of trade is good news for people who work in tradesensitive business， especially those that produce commodities global demand sets the priceagricultural goods， metals， oil. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. for which 6. To accomplish our goals， we aggressive and diligent in their daily work over the past year， the principal said. A. had beenB. have been C. wereD. are 7. China and Canada just reached an agreement on granting visas to each others citizens， with the period of up to 10 years， Foreign Minister Wang Yi said here Sunday. A. vacancyB. facility C. facultyD. validity 8. While not wishing to appear impolite， I ask you to leave so that I can make a private telephone call. A. shouldB. must C. couldD. might 9. Most men arent born greatthey become great. ， not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work. A. AdditionallyB. Admittedly C. SimilarlyD. Generally 10. along several city blocks is a row of trees， their leaves turning a brilliant yellow now that summer is over. A. ExtendingB. Being extended C. To be extendedD. Extended 11. The press noted that China has entered a “new normal” phase characterized by mediumhighlevel growth breakneck growth of previous years. A. more thanB. other than C. better thanD. rather than 12. President Xi Jinping expressed his gratitude to the public for their support， saying that without it， “we could not have achieved anything and I must give our great people ”. A. the bottom lineB. a thumbs up C. a big dealD. ring a bell 13. Our monitor couldnt help thinking he was when the head teacher asked him for some advice on how to strengthen class management. A. somethingB. anything C. anybodyD. everybody 14. Your sister may not take your advice seriously if you do not it with a warning. A. uniteB. concern C. accompanyD. equip 15. Wed better all the advantages and disadvantages before we come to the final decision. A. make upB. put up C. add upD. pick up 22 by popular science books that I found in the local library. I was 23 to books by Sir James Jeans. There were no particular24 who influenced my choice of 25 and I especially like the areas in which I have worked because it 26 mathematics and many scientific disciplines， physics， chemistry and the life science. 16. A. luckB. surprise C. fascination D. interest 17. A. layB. placed C. liedD. located 18. A. recognizeB. relate C. recallD. retell 19. A. materialsB. exhibits C. stuffD. displays 20. A. operateB. work C. functionD. deal 21. A. featuresB. characters C. dataD. application 22. A. StimulatedB. Raised C. ArisenD. Taken 23. A. absorbedB. addicted C. possessedD. attracted 24. A. colleagueB. classmates C. individualsD. partners 25. A. jobsB. profession C. fieldsD. behaviors 26. A. containsB. fills C. consistsD. includes 27. A. artisticB. famous C. scientificD. romantic 28. A. goodB. fine C. specialD. professional 29. A. seldomB. not C. neverD. scarcely 30. A. subjectiveB. supportive C. favorableD. agreeable 31. A. tooB. rather C. stillD. also 32. A. supplyB. want C. demandD. desire 33. A. setB. chosen C. decided D. given 34. A. affordedB. supported C. givenD. accessed 35. A. appearedB. made C. producedD. grew A One of the many crimes that climate scientists have been accused of lately is that they claim absolute certainty in a field of research fraught with uncertainty. Sure， the planet is warming， say skeptics， but thats happened throughout Earths history， long before humans were burning fossil fuels. So， how can we be sure this isnt just a natural phenomenon？ Yet a search shows that absolute certainty is notably absent. In the most recent document， for example， published in 2023， the authors write： “Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic （人为的） GHG （that is， humangenerated greenhouse gas） concentrations.” If that doesnt sound definitive， its because， as the authors freely admit， it isnt： climate science continues to evolve as new evidence comes in. Indeed， back in 2023， even before the latest IPCC （Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change）report was complete， researchers in Britain were already planning to launch an update. Led by the U.K.s Met Office， the update， published March 5 in the journal Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews： Climate Change， is based on more than 100 peerreviewed postIPCC studies. The new data may shift the evidence for climate change， but none of it weakens what the IPCC said three years ago. By looking at a wide range of observations from all over the world， the Met Office study concludes that the fingerprint of human influence on climate is stronger than ever. Plenty of these climate effects had already been observed at the time of the 2023 IPCC report， including warming temperatures， shifts in rainfall （wet regions getting wetter， dry regions getting drier） and the increase in summer meltback of Arctic sea ice. Those patterns have continued， and in some cases gotten worse. Some entirely new observations have been recorded as well. In its 2023 report， the IPCC did not include the impact of Greenlands or Antarcticas melting glaciers in its estimate of future sealevel rise， saying it lacked sufficient data. But now the speedup of flow from these glaciers has been documented. And while the IPCC noted in 2023 that every continent had warmed throughout the 20th century except Antarctica， that continent has now been shown to be warming as wellvery likely due to manmade influences， says a climate scientist. 36. By saying “.they claim absolute certainty in a field of research filled with uncertainty （Line 23， Para.1）”， the author means that some people may think . A. climate scientists should be accused for their wrong theory B. the research on climate change cant answer peoples question C. the reason for climate change cant be explained with certainty D. the climate change caused by global warming is sure to happen 37. What can we learn from the most recent document？ A. Human behaviors should be responsible for the temperature increase. B. The rising temperatures affect the observation of the greenhouse gas. C. It is certain that global warming will happen in the near future. D. It is somewhat complicated to explain the reasons for global warming. 38. The update before the completion of the IPCC report mentioned in this passage is to . A. demonstrate that evidence always comes up quickly B. prove that climate science is not static C. show that it is easier to collect evidence for global warming D. state that no climate science can be said to be correct 39. We can infer from the end of passage that . A. no sufficient data can support global warming B. the speed of global warming is raised greatly C. the report of IPCC is not as accurate as claimed D. there is no continent that hasnt suffered from warming B Supporters of existing status， including the organization Mothers Against Drunk Driving， say that the law has helped avoid thousands of deaths. But doubters point out that other countries， like Canada， have seen similar declines， even though their drinkingage is 18. They also argue that barring young people from drinking does not stop them from consuming alcohol： it just makes them drink more quickly. John McCardell， former president of Middlebury College in Vermont， is part of the Amethyst Initiative， a group of educators who are pushing for 18yearolds to be allowed to drink. “Those who have graduated from high school， have a clean record and completed an alcoholeducation programme should qualify for a drinking license，” he says， “in the same way that people who go to driving school receive a license to operate a vehicle.” This is not the first time that Americans have desired a change in alcohol policy during a period of economic distress. Franklin Roosevelt lifted prohibition in 1933 amid the trouble of a depression. 40. All the U.S. State governments used o follow the “21 law” because . A. its passage was supervised by Reagan personally B. most citizens believed that it was reasonable C. they couldnt afford to take the financial risk D. it took much time and money to get a law passed 41. In Canada， where the drinking age is 18， . A. young people want to begin drinking at a lower age B. people are increasingly doubtful about the “18 law” C. fewer and fewer people support the “18 law” D. fewer young people die from drunk driving 42. John McCardell suggests that . A.18yearolds should learn for a license before they can drink B. a drinking school should be opened for high school students C. one should get a license before they can drink D. any 18yearolds should be qualified to drink 43. What did Franklin Roosevelt do during the 1933 depression？ A. He lifted the trouble of a depression. B. He changed the alcohol policy. C. He decided to ban alcohol. D. He desired a change in alcohol policy. C How does food affect mood and mind？ The answer may lie in the chemistry of the brain and nervous system. Molecules called neurotransmitters （神经传递素） are chemical messengers. They carry a nerve impulse across the gap between nerve cells. The release of neurotransmitter molecules from one neuron and their attachment to receptor sites on another keep a nerve impulse moving. Nerve impulses carry messages from the environment to the brain， for example， the pain you feel when you stub （踢碰） your toe. They also carry messages in the other direction， from the brain to the muscles. Thats why you back away from the obstacle that initiated the pain signal and exclaim， “Ouch！” “Many neurotransmitters are built from the foods we eat，” says neuroscientist Eric Chudler of the University of Washington. Too little or too much of a particular nutrient in the diet can affect their production， Chudler says. For example， tryptophan from foods such as yogurt， milk， bananas， and eggs is required for the production of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Phenylalanine from beets， almonds， eggs， meat， and grains goes into making the neurotransmitter dopamine. Dozens of neurotransmitters are known； hundreds may exist. Their effects depend on their amounts and where they work in the brain. The neurotransmitter serotonin， for example， is thought to produce feelings of calmness， relaxation， and contentment. Drugs that prevent it from being taken again （into the neuron that released it） are prescribed to treat depression. In at least some healthy， nondepressed people， carbohydrate foods seem to enhance serotonin production and produce similar effects. “It is the balance between different neurotransmitters that helps regulate mood，” Chudler says. Proper nutrition may also enhance brainpower. Choline is a substance similar to the B vitamins. Its found in egg yolks， whole wheat， peanuts， milk， green peas， liver， beans， seafood， and soybeans. The brain uses it to make the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. To test the effects of choline on memory and learning， researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology gave memory tests to college students before increasing the amount of choline in their subjects diets. Later， they retested. On the average， memories were better， and the students learned a list of unrelated words more easily. 44. The function of neurotransmitters can be best compared to that of . A. a transport vehicleB. a protective shield C. a power plantD. a food factory 45. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology intended to find out . A. how choline is produced out of foods B. how choline is converted into acetylcholine C. if the improvement of brainpower is related to choline D. if the improvement of brainpower is related to proper diets 46. What is the message the author intends to convey？ A. The chemistry of the brain an nervous system. B. The influence of foods on our food and mind. C. The functions of neurotransmitters. D. The importance of a balanced diet. D Cars and other road vehicles are the single main source of harmful nitrogen oxides. Road transport remains the biggest source of harmful air pollution in the EU despite efforts to reduce emissions over the past decades. A report published by the European Environment Agency （EE.） shows that it is the single main source of nitrogen oxides， carbon monoxide and nonmethane volatile organic compounds. As well as road transport， manufacturing industries， construction， the residential sector and agriculture are the main sources of air pollution in Europe today， the agency said. The EEA said， “Particulate matter from sources such as vehicle exhausts and residential heating can affect the lungs and harm people of all ages， but it is known to pose an extra risk to those with existing heart and respiratory problems.” “Air pollutants are also responsible for the acidification of forests and water ecosystems， and eutrophication of soils and watersleading to a limited supply of oxygen in rivers and lakes.” A spokesperson for campaign group T&E （the European Federation for Transport and Environment） told EDIE， “One of the key reasons that transport is still such a major cause of air pollution in Europe is because transport users rarely have to pay for the pollution they cause.” “Currently Member States are forbidden from including pollution charges in road tolls.”