高三英语一轮复习语法第10讲并列句和状语从句讲义.docx

高中英语语法第10讲并列句和状语从句及巩固练习常考点必备点并列连词and, but, while的用法；not only.but also., neither.nor., either.or.的用法；时间、结果、比较、让步、条件、原因状语从句并列句：表示因果关系的so, for以及表示结果或警告的and，or；方式状语从句、地点状语、目的状语从句考点一并列句并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。并列连词用法例句and, not only .but(also) .，both.and.等表并列、顺承或递进关系There the air is clean and the mountains are green.那里空气清新，千山一碧。but, yet，whereas等表转折关系The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.这次失败对他是个很大的打击，但他并没有气馁，并且很快就像以前一样充满热情。or, either.or., not.but.等表选择关系Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.要么你改进工作，要么我就辞退你。for, so表因果关系(for连接的分句一般不能放在句首)The leaves of the trees are falling, for it's already autumn.树叶在飘落，因为秋天已经到了。and, or表条件或结果关系，常用于“祈使句and/or陈述句”句型中You have to move out of the way, or the truck cannot get past you.你得让出路来，否则卡车无法从你身旁通过。while作并列连词，强调两种情况的对比I like black coffee while he prefers it with milk.我爱喝不加奶的咖啡，而他更喜欢喝加牛奶的。名师点津when可用作并列连词，相当于and at this/that time，意为“正在这/那时，突然”，常用于下列句式：sb be about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth when.(某人正要做某事，突然), sb be doing sth when.(某人正在做某事，突然), sb had (just) done sth when.(某人刚做完某事，突然)。He was about to go out when the telephone rang.他正要出去时，电话铃响了。He had just finished writing a report when the boss let him type a letter.他刚写完一篇报告，老板就让他打一封信件。考点二状语从句项目连接词例句注意事项时间状语从句when, while, as, before, after, since, until, the moment等When I was walking along the street, I met a friend of mine.我在街上走着时，遇到了我的一个朋友。I will tell him the news the moment he comes.他一来我就告诉他这个消息。要注意时态一致，一般情况下，在时间状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时。地点状语从句where, whereverWhere there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。We are always welcome wherever we go.无论我们走到哪里，我们总是受到欢迎。注意不要和where引导的定语从句混淆，若是定语从句，where前必然有先行词。条件状语从句if, unless, as/so long as, in case, on condition that等You should go to school unless you are seriously ill.除非你病得很重，否则你应该去上学。He will certainly pass the exam next term if he works hard at his lessons.如果他努力学习，他一定能通过下学期的考试。条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样，主句用将来时，从句要用一般现在时代替将来时。原因状语从句because, since, as, for, now (that)等He didn't go to school because he was ill.他没有去上学，因为他病了。As he is a League member, he takes the lead in everything in his class.由于他是一名共青团员，他在班上每一件事都领先。because语气最强，用来说明人们所不知道的原因，回答why提出的问题；since次之，as最弱；as引导的从句往往放在主句前面，用来说明比较明显的原因；for用作连词时，往往表示一种附带的解释、说明或推理。让步状语从句although, though, as, even if/though, whatever, however, whoever, no matter what/who/how等Although he is a child, he knows a lot.虽然他是个孩子，但他知道的很多。Tired as/though I was, I went on with my work.尽管我很累，但我继续工作。I will go and attend the meeting however busy I am.不管我有多忙，我都会参加会议。当用though或 although引导从句时，后面的主句不能有but；as引导让步状语从句要用倒装语序。结果状语从句so.that., so that, such.that.等He runs so fast that no one can catch up with him.他跑得太快了，没人能赶上他。I got up late so that I missed the early bus.我起晚了，结果我错过了早班车。It was such an interesting novel that I read it three times.这是一本非常有趣的小说，我读了三遍。在so.that.和such. that. 结构中，so为副词，后面跟形容词、副词或分词，而such为限定词，后面只能跟名词或名词性短语。方式状语从句as, just as, as if, as though等We should work and study as he did.我们应该像他那样工作和学习。They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们说起话来就像多年的朋友一样。as if, as though在方式状语从句中多指非真实的或可能性较小的情况，常用虚拟语气。比较状语从句as.as., not so.as, 比较级than等He works as hard as everyone else (does) in the class.他像班上其他人一样努力学习。He is taller than any other student in our school.他比我们学校的任何其他学生都高。比较句型“比较级thanany other单数可数名词”表示在一定范围内的最高级含义。目的状语从句so that, in order that, for fear that, in case (that)等She studies hard so that/in order that she can enter a key university.她努力学习以便能进入重点大学。Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain.带把伞，以防下雨。从句中常用may, might, can, could, should等情态动词。名师点津状语从句的特殊考点：(1)连词before的句型及意义：It will be some time (一段时间)before .，意为“多久以后才”；It won't be some time (一段时间)before .，意为“用不了多久就会”。(2)连词since的句型及意义：It is some time (一段时间)since引导的时间状语从句It has been some time (一段时间)since引导的时间状语从句，意为“自从以来已经多长时间了”。(3)whether.or.意为“无论还是”，引导让步状语从句。(4)where引导地点状语从句。巩固练习.单句语法填空1(2021·全国甲卷)We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job.解析考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文“did the job”和前文“My bike was old and shaky”之间存在转折关系，应用表示转折的连词but连接，故填but。2(2021·新高考卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.解析考查连词。空格后的动词offers与前面的动词highlights构成并列关系，故填and。3(2020·全国卷)When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.解析考查状语从句。句意：当他问河两岸的村民哪里能找到那位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指向河下游。这是一个主从复合句，逗号前面是时间状语从句，应用when或as引导；位于句首，首字母需大写，故填When或As。4(2020·新高考卷)They kept their collection at home until it got too big or until they died, and then it was given to a museum.解析考查连词。根据句意“他们把收藏品保存在家中直到收藏数量过大或者直到他们去世”可知，空处应用表示选择关系的并列连词，故填or。5(2020·全国卷)Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, but/yet I have long been out of practice.解析考查连词。根据句意“事实上，我在七岁时开始学习功夫，但是我已经很久没有练习了”可知，前后是转折关系，故填but或yet。6(2019·全国卷)Irene said, “I don't see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made over the years.I work not because I have to, but I want to.”解析考查连词。分析句子结构并根据句意“我工作不是因为我不得不工作，而是因为我想工作”可知，此处为固定句式not.but.“不是而是”，故填but。7(2019·全国卷)When I studied chemistry at high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.解析考查连词。根据句意“我重新考虑了一下我的目标，决定成为一名医生”可知，两个动作之间为顺承关系，故填and。8At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, and he agreed.解析考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示顺承关系，故填and。9The games my parents taught me when I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.解析考查状语从句。根据句意“父母在我小时候教我玩的游戏在我以后的生活中证明非常有用”可知，此处要用when引导时间状语从句，故填when。10Over time, as/when the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.解析考查状语从句。根据语境可知，此处表示“随着”或“当时”，应用as或when引导时间状语从句，故填as或when。.单句改错1(2021·全国乙卷)I also water the flowers in the yard and tidy up my own bedroom whatever necessary.whateverwhenever解析句意：必要时我也在院子里浇花以及整理自己的卧室。根据句意可知，表示“每当，无论何时”，应该用从属连词whenever，其后省略了it is。故将whatever改为whenever。2(2021·全国甲卷)In my opinion, where in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust most.wherewhen/whenever解析分析句子结构可知，本句为含有状语从句的主从复合句。主句为we should seek help.，从句表示“无论什么时候我们有麻烦”或者“当我们有麻烦时”，所以应用when或whenever引导，其后省略了it is。故将where改为when/whenever。3(2020·全国卷)First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside.butand解析根据语境可知，cut the tomatoes into pieces与put them aside之间为顺承关系，而非转折关系。故将but改为and。4(2020·全国卷)Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practise together every day.suchso解析句意：然后我会留出一些时间再次学功夫，以便我们能每天都在一起练习。根据句意可知，此处引导目的状语从句，应用so that引导该从句，表示“为了，以便”。故将such改为so。5(2020·全国卷)In order to make sure all of us are in good health, and she makes specific plans for us.删除and解析前面的“In order to.”在句中作目的状语，“she makes specific.”为句子的主干，句中只有一套主谓结构，不需要用连词and。故删除and。6(2019·全国卷)Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. butand解析“一个足球正好落在我面前”与“差点儿打到我”之间是顺承关系，应用并列连词and。故将but改为and。7Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.sobut/yet解析此处表示“我认为我已经明白了教练的指令，但是车一发动，我的脑子一片空白”。根据句意可知，前后分句之间是转折关系，而非因果关系。故将so改为but/yet。8We have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.andbut解析not only.but also.是固定短语，意为“不但而且”。故将and改为but。9Every day she makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.orand解析根据语境可知，“新鲜的蔬菜”与“高品质的油”之间为并列关系，而非选择关系。故将or改为and。10If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.butand解析句意：我们如果待在家里，会感觉舒适，还不必花钱。根据句意可知，comfortable与no need to spend money之间是并列关系，而不是转折关系。故将but改为and。.单句写作(注意正确使用并列句或状语从句)1(2021·新高考卷)青年涵盖了各种各样的主题来吸引高中生，并且它作为一个无声的朋友引导我们进入外部世界。Youth covers a wide variety of topics to attract senior students, and it leads us into the outer world as a silent friend.2(2021·全国乙卷)在线学习可以让我们随时随地学习知识。Learning online can allow us to learn knowledge wherever we are at any time.3(2021·全国乙卷)制订一个时间表是必须的，因为良好的时间管理将有助于我们的效率。Making a schedule is a must, for good time management will contribute to our efficiency.4(2021·全国乙卷)我相信互联网将为我们提供很多好的课程，并且我们也将成为聪明的在线学习者。I'm sure that the Internet will provide us with plenty of good lessons, and we will become smart online learners as well.5(2021·全国甲卷)就我所知，中国传统文化有其独特的特点。As far as I know, Chinese traditional culture has its unique characteristics.学科网（北京）股份有限公司