初中英语语法学习之一般现在时用法分析.docx
初中英语语法学习之一般现在时用法分析一般现在时表过去一般现在时有时可以用来表过去发生的动作或存在的状态。这种动作或状态可以离现在较近,也可以离现在较远。1)离现在较近的情况,如:I come to apologize. 我是来致歉意的。 (一般现在时come在此表“我现在已在此”这一事实)Dont say this. You frighten me. 不要说这个了。你把我吓了一跳。What wind blows you here? 是什么风把你吹来的?(强调“你现在已在此”这一结果)The doctor tells me that Ill soon be all right again. 医生告诉我说我快好了。(有的语法家认为tells在此有“认为”的含义)Bill says he is a good doctor. 比尔说他是个好大夫。(says在此有“主张”的含义)He is gone. 他走了。(等于He has gone, 但强调现在的状态,往往有“不见了”的含义)Why do you com so late? 你为什么这么晚才来?【注】这种表过去的一般现在时可以和why,how,where,what等疑问词连用,但不可与when连用。Presidents Resigns. 总统已辞职。(这是报纸标题,用一般现在时表最近的过去,以求生动)2)一般现在时表离现在较远的过去动作或状态也不罕见,如:Thats long, long ago. 那是很久很久以前的事了。He is long dead. 他早已去世了。How do you come to know Tom? 你是怎么认识汤姆的?Where do you get these ideas, son? 孩子,你这些想法是哪儿来的呀?3)介绍书籍和电影等情节时常用一般现在时,如可以开头说:The story is set in the spring of 1934. 这个故事发生在1934年的春天。4)在叙事文中,为了描述生动,也可常用一般现在时,即所谓“历史现在时”,如:Then the man in the mask pulls a revolver out of his pocket and raises it. I put up my hands. Then suddenly the man raises the mask and I see my best friend! It all was a joke. 随后那个带假面具的人从口袋里掏出左轮手枪,举起手来。我举起双手。这时那个人突然掀开了假面具,他原来是我最好的朋友。他是在跟我开玩笑哩。这种历史现在时可以用于一段或数段,但也可以只用于一个句子,如:I waited about fifteen minutes and out he comes. 我等了大约15分钟,他出来了。5)一个人有某种情绪时,可以用一般现在时讲述一串过去的事件,如:My brother, the pacifist, He goes out and he gets ruined and still talks non-resistance. 我的老兄,这个和平主义者。他出去,挨了揍,可还在谈不抵抗主义。I happen to drop in on her once and you make such an issue of it. 我只是偶尔去看了她一次,而你却如此大闹起来。(这是贾宝玉对林黛玉说的一句话,句中her指薛宝钗)6)在舞台说明中,也都用现在时态表动作,如:Gordon: Its always the way! Tears off apron, thrown it on the floor, and exit Right, slamming the door. 戈登:老是这样!【扯下围裙,扔到地上,从右门出,把门砰地关上。】(注意句中的exit是祈使句,表示剧作家对演员的指示)一般现在时表死者言行1)一般现在时可以表死者的动作或状态,如果死者的理论、著作仍旧存在并仍有影响的话,如:Marx says that a foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life. 马克思说外国语是人生斗争的武器。Darwin thinks that natural selection is the chief factor in the development of species. 达尔文认为自然淘汰是物种发展中的主要因素。Shakespeare is the author of Hamlet. 莎士比亚是哈姆雷特的作者。2)当死者(多指死后不久者)的动作与现在直接有关时,亦可用一般现在时,如:He leaves a wife and two children. 他留下了一个妻子和两个孩子。(he刚死去)“He has only one brother,” Gretchen said. “他只有一个兄弟,”格雷钦说道。(he刚死去)3)人虽死但物犹在,亦可用一般现在时,如:In that letter she tells why she was up there. 在那封信里,她告诉我为什么她要上那儿去。(she已死,但信犹在)This memorial is placed here by his friends and neighbors in testimony of respect, affection and gratitude. 这个纪念碑是他的朋友与邻居树立在此的,以表尊敬、爱戴、感激之意。(他和他的朋友与邻居早已死去,但纪念碑仍在)4)注意下列句中须用一般现在时:Mr. Brown is said to have died of liver cancer. 据说布郎先生死于肝癌。(It is said that Mr. Brown died of cancer.)After leaving the university in 1576, Spenser seems to have retired into the country for a year or so. 1576年大学毕业后,斯宾塞似乎到乡下隐居了一年左右。(It seems that Spenser retired into the country for a year or so.)一般现在时用于间接引语和独立句中1)主语的谓语动词如果是过去时态,而间接引语是客观事实或说话人认为是事实时,间接引语的谓语动词应用一般现在时,如:The doctor said that Im a little overweight. 大夫说我太胖了一点。I heard that your children like music. 我听说你的孩子喜欢音乐。The motoring organizations reported last night that the road is under water. 据各汽车公司昨晚报告,公路已被淹。2)有时在独立句中,谓语动词虽指过去,但已没有什么时间概念,亦常用一般现在时,如:No one is born an actor. 没有人天生就是演员。We love novelties when we are children. 我们儿时都爱好新奇的事物。We bring nothing into the world. 我们赤条条地来到这个世界上。表将来一般现在时表最近的将来1)一般现在时可表最近的将来。说话人说话时动作尚未开始,但即将开始。如:Im off. 我要走啦。Now I go. 现在我走啦。Here I give you some more examples. 这里我再给大家举几个例子。2)表最近将来的一般现在时常和why dont you连用,表示请求或劝告,如:Why dont you try the bakers shop on Wells Street? 你到威尔斯街的面包店去看看吧!Why dont you get the hoe and loosen the soil in that flower bed for me? 那就请你拿锄把那花坛上的土给我松一松吧!一般现在时表预定的行为1)一般现在时常可表将来的但以事先安排好的动作。这种安排很固定,不容轻易改变,好像变成了事实一般。这种一般现在时多用于转移动词,如go,come,arrive,leave,start,sail等,往往后接时间状语。如:The train leaves at 9:00 pm. 火车于晚上9时开出。The Browns arrive at 7 this evening. 布朗一家将于今晚7时到达。When do you start? 你何时动身?The film show begins in a minute. 电影一会儿就开始放映。这种一般现在时常与将来一般时连用,如:Tomorrow morning I leave England. You will never see me again. This is the last time I shall ever look on you. 明天上午我就要离开英国了。你再也见不到我了。这是我最后一次见你。2)现今有不少非转移动词的一般现在时也可表计划中的未来动作,如:I read my paper tomorrow. 我明天将宣读我的论文。He gets his reward on Tuesday. 他将于下星期二领奖。The election takes place in two weeks. 选举将在两周后举行。The new prime minister makes his policy speech tomorrow afternoon. 新首相将于明日下午发表施政演说。这种非转移动词的一般现在时也常和将来一般时连用,如:Today, China faces Cuba for the title while the Soviets will play the Japanese for third place. 今天,中国将和古巴争夺冠军,苏联和日本争夺第三名。3)be和have虽非转移动词,但其一般现在时亦可表将来时间,强调未来的事实或早已规定的事,如:Tomorrow is Sunday. 明天是星期天。(已被日历所规定)When's dinner? 正餐是什么时候开?(问每天规定的开饭时间)What do we have tomorrow? 明天我们有什么任务?Im here all day next Wednesday. 下星期三我整天都在这里。4)当我们抽象地谈未来时,由于时间概念很弱,我们也可用一般现在时,如:Final victory is ours. 最后的胜利是我们的。The future is bright. 未来是光明的。一般现在时用于表将来的从句一般现在时可用于从句表将来。这种从句有:1)状语从句,如:Have something before you go. 吃点东西再走。(用于时间状语从句)When I grow up Ill be a soldier. 我长大了要当兵。(用于时间状语从句)Ill wait till he comes. 我要等到他来。(用于时间状语从句)Next time Ill do as he says. 下次我将按照他所说的去做。(用于方式状语从句)Next time I hope youll go where I tell you to. 下次我希望你去我告诉你去的地方。(用于地点状语从句)Ill thank you if you give me a lift. 如果你能让我搭你的车,那我就谢谢你了。(用于条件状语从句)Unless you overcome that habit, youll be ruined. 你如不戒掉这种嗜好,你就会毁掉自己。(用于条件状语从句)2)宾语从句,如:Tomorrow at this time well know who is elected. 明天这时候我们就会知道谁当选了。The statements will be spoken just one time, you must listen carefully in order to understand what the speaker says. 这些句子每句只念一次,考生须仔细听,以掌握所念内容。See that the windows are closed before you leave. 在你离开房间之前要注意把窗户关好。Thats a mean dog; be careful it doesnt bite you. 那是只不好管的狗,小心别让它咬着你 。Lets see who gets there first. 让我们看看谁先到达那里。(这里亦可用将来一般时will get)I hope you have a pleasant stay in China. 我希望你在中国逗留期间生活愉快。(现在一般式have似较将来一般时will亲切些)3)定语从句,如:The state government will give $10.000 to any one who brings him to justice. 对能将此犯捉拿归案者,州政府愿赏1万美元。Ill give you anything you ask for. 你要什么我都给你。No fear that any word of anything you tell me is going to reach another ear. 不要担心你和我说的什么话会传到别人的耳朵去。Everyone who votes will get a souvenir from Radio Beijing. 参加投票的每个人都将从北京电台得到一份纪念品。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司