山西省山西大学附属中学校2022-2023学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题.docx

山西大学附中2022-2023学年第一学期高二年级1月模块诊断（总第五次）第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项AWelcome to Greyhound Lines! Feel free to explore the bus features.We want you to feel at home when you travel with us. So our buses have plenty of features to help you relax, like comfy leather seats and lots of legroom (plus free Wi-Fi, onboard entertainment and power outlets so you can still be an armchair surfer).Free Wi-FiWi-Fi is free on all our buses, for all passengers. We see it as a must-have these days, not a premium(高级的) feature. So go ahead, check your emails or Instagram window scenery from the road (we'd love if you tag it). Please don't stream video during your journey, though - we've all got to share the bandwidth(宽带)！Personal Power OutletsNearly every seat has its own standard power outlet, so you can keep your devices charged all the way to your destination. Getting off with a fully charged phone is extra handy if you're navigating around a new place.Extra LegroomWhen designing our new and updated buses, we actually removed a whole row of seats rather than trying to squeeze more in. So there's always space to stretch out when you ride with Greyhound. (Our bus designers must have been really tall.)Eco-friendlyEvery Greyhound bus is fully equipped with the latest technology to burn fuel cleanly, reducing our impact on the environment. Check out the Going Green page for more of our eco-efforls, and lechy facts on things like low- sulfur fuel.1. Why does the company offer free Wi-Fi on the bus?A. Because passengers are encouraged to post photos online.第二节（25分）51.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文.It was a beautiful sunny day, and Mary and I were playing in her new basement because it was so hot outside. The two of us were best friends, so we naturally did what best friends do-we did everything together. We went camping together, trusted each at her and always stuck up for each other.But that day, something changed. I'll never forget the look on Mary's face when she knocked over her mother's favorite vase that was on the table. The flowers and vase crashed to the floor, and the vase cracked into tons of tiny little pieces. I looked at Mary and said, "There's no way to fix this!”Mary burst into tears. "What am I going to do? What am I going to say?” She looked at me while she wiped her tears and asked, “Can you say that you did it?”I was shocked. I didn't know what to do or say, and I started to pace back and forth. "Okay, I'll do it?91 said.That very second, her mother came downstairs to ask about the loud noise she had just heard. Mary said, “Mom, we were sitting on the couch, and Michelle put her feet on the table and knocked on the vase.”Her mother looked at me and shook her head. “I don't know how many times I have to tell you girls, you don*t put your feet on the table.I apologized to Mary's mother and told her I would buy her a new vase. She said not to worry, but us be more careful. I felt so bad. I knew that I had kept Mary out of trouble, but I also felt that it wasn*t right. I didn*t go over to Mary's for a few days, and she didn't come to my house, either. I was busy cleaning and doing extra chore （杂'舌） 注意：1 .续写词数应为150左右；2 .请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.Finally I earned enough money and set out to buy Mary's mother a new vaseMary and I looked at each other with relief.B. Because the company considers it necessary.C. Because passengers need to check their emails.D. Because the company wants to earn extra money.2. Which is available on the bus?A. A fully charged phone.B. Eco-friendly equipment.C. Standard power outlets.D. A new design of the bus.3. What kind of company is Greyhound Lines?A. A bus operator.B. A bus producer.C. An entertainment company.D. A ticket company.BWhen I first met professor Dalecki, I respected him greatly. He walked in the class in formal business suits as if he was prepared for a conference. He greeted everyone with a loud and clear “Good morning" like Jon Stewart from Daily Show. Then he started introducing himself and told everyone his name is Jacek, atypical Polish name that no one knows how to pronounce. He shared his frustration with the class and said, "People have already invented more than ten odd ways of calling my name in the past decade, and most Americans prefer to call me Jay-cek, but it is really ya-cek.” From that moment, I knew there was something about him that made him stand out among all the professors I'd known before.Professor Dalecki never believed in exams. He understood the huge workload that students have and never intended to make the exam questions hard for us to memorize. I once told him that I almost felt like the hell gate opened for me if I got a C. But he laughed and said, “If it were not for my loving girl friend giving me the exam questions, I can tell you I'd still be in high school somewhere in Warsaw/9What impressed me most was the extent he would go to avoid bias （偏见）in the classroom. He could turn an entire class into a battleground where everybody gets excited for a heated debate while staying objective as a mediator （调解人）who refused to force his own opinions on any side.I visited him during his office hours once after class, eager to find out what his stances are on some of the issues we've covered in the class, so I asked, "In China, people really aren't that serious with when it is okay fbr teenagers to drink. What do you think of the minimum drinking age in America being set at 21?”"I'm not supposed to answer that question/9 he said.“But why? You don't seem to take any side during the class and I'm just curious to hear how you really ffeel!”“I choose not to share it because I don't want it to cloud your own judgments about how you think about certain things.”At that moment, I finally understood how much effort it really took for Dalecki to let us do our thinking on our own. His incredible mindset （观念模式）still has a huge influence on me till this day. So I will end this article with his quote: "It is at this stage in the class that I must ask myself, "Did 1 lie to you?'"4. Why did professor Dalecki share his frustration with the class?A. Because he wanted to be comforted.B. Because he was really sad as his name was odd.C Because he cared much about the pronunciation.D. Because he tried to introduce himself in a unique way.5. What did professor Dalecki want to express in Paragraph 2?A. To laugh at the author.B. To make himself stand out.C. To tell the author not to be nervous about the exams.D. To encourage the author to look for a girlfriend to help him.6. What does the underlined word “stances“ in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Circumstances.B. Altitudes.C. Attitudes.D. Performances.7. What can we learn from the text?A. Professor Dalecki is humorous and expert at education.B. Professor Dalecki is objective when dealing with our quarrels.C. Professor Dalecki once scolded the author in his office.D. Professor Dalecki always refuses to communicate with his students.CAs a young child, I was painfully shy. I'd watch other children play in the park, wishing I could join them, but I was too scared to approach. Eventually, my mother would come to the rescue. She'd ask the other kids if I could play, too. Today, I feel comfortable giving public lectures in large halls and having conversations in small groups, but I still tend to avoid situations in which I'm expected to spend time with a roomful of strangers.There could be many reasons. For one thing, I might be carrying some childhood fear of rejection. But beyondthat possibility, one likely element is that I tend to underestimate how much people like me after I meet them, as most of us do.A new research paper reports that the common concern that new people may not like us, or that they may not enjoy our company, is largely unfounded.Erica Boothby of Cornell University and her colleagues conducted a series of studies to find out what our conversation partners really think of us. In doing so, they discovered a new cognitive illusion （认矢口错觉）they call “the liking gap”: our failure to realize how much strangers appreciate our company after a bit of conversation.The researchers observed the gap in a variety of situations: strangers getting acquainted in the research laboratory, first-year college students getting to know their dormitory mates over the course of many months, and community members meeting fellow participants in personal development workshops. In each circumstance, people consistently underestimated how much others liked them. For much of the academic year, as dormitory mates got to know each other and even started to develop enduring friendships, the liking gap persisted.The data also revealed some of the potential reasons for the illusion: we are often more severe with ourselves than with others, and our inner critic prevents us from appreciating how positively other people evaluate us. Not knowing what our conversation partners really think of us, we use our own thoughts as a proxy （代理人）.This is a mistake, because our thoughts tend to be more negative than reality.8. Why does the author mention his childhood experience?A. To show how his character changed.B. To explain what he was like when he was young.C. To show an example of why people are shy of communication.D. To emphasize the important role of a mother in one's childhood.9. What does the underlined word "unfbundecT probably mean?A. Careless.B. Baseless.C. Selfless.D. Meaningless.10. What do we know about the liking gap from the text?A. It indicates what strangers really think of us.B. It begins and ends quickly among strangers.C. It disappears when strangers get to know each other.D. It states our misunderstanding of how much others like us.11. Which of the following is the best title for this text?A. People Like You More than You KnowB. How to Get Along Well with StrangersC. The Way to Know What Others Think of UsD. Having Conversations with Strangers Benefits UsDFire ants tunnels got dug efficiently by only a small percentage of the group doing most of the work. Freeloaders, they just sit around while their hard-working colleagues get things done. But might freeloaders actually be necessary for society to function efficiently? The answer could be yes - at least when it comes to fire ants and their efforts to dig nests underground.Fire ants are highly social organisms. So, Goldman and his colleagues wanted to know how individual ants knew what to do without a central leader issuing orders.To find out, Goldman's team labeled individual fire ants with paint and then watched them dig their tunnels only wide enough for two workers. Turns out, just 30 percent of the ants did 70 percent of the labor. "I was surprised that we ended up with so few workers actually doing the work at any oneA quarter of the ants never even entered the tunnel. Others went inside, but left without digging out a single grain of dirt. These behaviors ensured the tunnels did not get clogged with insect traffic, which would make the construction process stop.And when the scientists removed the five hardest-working ants from the tunnel, others immediately jumped in to compensate （补偿）with no reduction in the group's productivity. Seems that it doesn't matter which ants are working or freeloading at a given time, as long as there is some division of labor to keep the tunnels flowing smoothly. The findings are in the journal Science.The study could provide suggestions for the robotic. Imagine groups of robots sent to search for survivors from the ruins. Or nanobots （纳米机器人）coursing through our bodies to diagnose illness and deliver targeted medical treatment. Such robots will need to avoid getting jammed up in tight spaces. It might be necessary to program them so some just sit back and watch their colleagues work.12 How do fire ants get the work done when digging tunnels?A. They all work under the order of their leaders.B. Only the strong ants do the majority of the work.C They all cooperate together and spare no effort to do the work.D. Some work efficiently while others just sit around and do nothing.13. What does the underlined word “clogged“ in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Covered.B. Crowded.C. Destroyed.D. Spotted.14. When the hardest-working ants were taken away by the scientists.A. the rest of them didn't know what to doB. the leaders had to do the work by themselvesC. other ants took their place and continued to do the workD. other ants were in panic and escaped from the tunnels immediately15. According to the passage, the research findings can be applied to.A. robot technologyB. social communicationC. underground constructionD. scientific observations第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to stop glasses fogging up with a face maskWearing a mask keeps you safe during the pandemic, but it come with its own set of challenges. And, one of the biggest drawbacks of wearing a mask is how much your glasses fog up and affect your vision. Taking off your glasses to wipe them clean each time it fogs up is not only frustrating, but it can also increase the risk of infection. 16 Here are some tricks to stop it.Twist your mask strings.From the side, once you twist it, the strings will look like the figure eight. This is great for stopping fogging because it redirects your breath by putting slight downward pressure on the top part of the mask. 17 This may leave you infected by virus.18If you wash your glasses with soap, this creates a thin film on your lenses which limits fogging. Use a fragrance- free soap and mix it with warm water. Put your glasses in it and let it air dry. When you wear your glasses next, soap molecules on your lenses should block fogging.Use tissues.You can put a tissue under the top part of the mask. 19 To do this DIY trick properly, you should fold a tissue in half and place the straight edge along the bridge of your nose.Change the position of your masks and glasses.20But if you do this there are a few things to keep in mind. Firstly, you need to make sure that your mask still covers your chin（下巴）after you pull it up. And, if your prescription is stronger, this trick could impact your vision and cause increased blurriness.A. Put glasses in the water.B. Wash your glasses with soap.C. It will help catch air and damp, keeping your glasses free of fog.D. So the key is to prevent or minimize fogging due to face masks.E. Cover your chin with masks to prevent need for repositioning when talking.F. Though, it's worth noting that it does create a slight gap between the mask and your face.G. Pull up your mask and draw your glasses down, blocking your breath from rising upwards.第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分51分）第二节单句填空（共14小题，每题1.5分,满分21分）