2022年大学英语考试模拟卷223测.pdf

2022年 大 学 英 语 考 试 模 拟 卷（本 卷 共 分 为 1大 题 5 0小 题，作 答 时 间 为 180分 钟，总 分 100分，6 0分 及 格。）单 位：姓 名：考 号：题 号 单 选 题 多 项 选 择 判 断 题 综 合 题 总 分 分 值 得 分 一、单 项 选 择 题（共 5 0题，每 题 2 分。每 题 的 备 选 项 中，只 有 一 个 最 符 合 题 意）1.B11TEXT AH/BLong before crossover11 and“eclectic”became part of the journal isticvernacular,Dinah Washington def ied categorization and embraced any andevery type of song.Her delivery was instantIy identifiabIe,and sheprided herself on crystal-cl ear diction,precise pitch and spontane i ty.Wash i ngton made brilliant recordings,beg inning with her days as apianist accompanying gospeI pioneer Sallie Martin,through swing and R&Bsessions with Count Basie and L i one I Hampton,on to modern jazz ventureswith Cl ifford Brown,Max Roach and Cannonba11 Adderley and later pop hitswith Brook Benton.Author Nad i ne Cohodas,whose previous book on Chess Recordsmarvelously out I ined that historic company,now gives the same exact i ngtreatment to Washington in Queen:The Life and Music of Dinah Washington.Cohodas also seIected the songs on a companion CD,released on VerveRecords.Queen is the first truly comprehensive voIume on the late singer.Cohodas conducted numerous interviews with insiders and family membersand discovered documents and letters that reaffirm her assessments.Cohodas ably iI laminates the quirks and con trad ictions o f ashingtons personal ity.Washington could be extremely kind and appal I ingly crude.She comp I a i ned about her in a b iIity to fin d happiness in relationships,yet married seven times.A smart,extremely know I edgeab I e a r tis t who hadd e fin ite ideas about her music,Washington freque ntly clashed w ithbandmates,desp i te often be i ng accompan i ed by the greatest jazz mus ic i anson earth.Thankfu11y,Cohodas also presents Washington9 s upbeat,joyousand celebratory side,thus not tota11y resigning her to tra g ic v ic timstatus.Sad Iyr Washington s ongo i ng conf Ii cts and struggles w ith lovers,re la tiv e s and executives in many ways prevented her from achieving thefame she deserved,along w ith the fa c t th a t black femaIe singers hadextremely Iim ited options during the 50s and e a rly1 60s.ButWashington i nf I uenced numerous vocal is ts who fo l lowed her,most notab IyEsther P h illip s and Nancy W i lsonv w hile creating an exceptionaI body ofwork th a t s s t i l l ca p tiva tin g almost 41 years a fte r her death at 39.Songs I ike MUnforgettable,This B itte r Earth,n MWhat a D ifference aDay Makes and Baby You Got What I t Takes1 remain as documents o f herexce11ence.Queen is a wonderful and invaIuabIe ad dition to musicbiography and c u ltu ra l histo ry.The passage seems to indicate th a t Dinah Washington was N O T ana r tis t.A.eclecticB.influentialC.exceptionalD.acquiescent2.BHTEXTBaruch Spinoza was a Dutch phi losopher and re I igious thinker who wasborn on November 24,1632 in Amsterdam.His fami Iy was Spanish-PortugueseJews who were refugees to Hol land.Spinoza was taught hi s ear Iy educat ionfrom Jewish sources.He later went on to study other Jewish thinkers suchas Maimonides,Gerson ides,and Crescas.Baruch became interested in the physical sciences and the works ofThomas Hobbes and Rene Descartes.As a result of his studies,he grewaway from Judaism and withdrew from the synagogue.In 1656,the rabbisbanished Spinoza from Amsterdam.For the next five years he I ived on theoutside of the city where he supported himseIf by gr inding opt ical lenses.During this time,Spinoza wrote his first philosophical work Treatiseon God and Man and His Happiness.This work exp I a i ned and out I ined a goodpart of Spinoza9 s ph iIosoph i caI be Iiefs.In 1661,Spinoza moved to Ri jnsburg and a few years later he movedto Voorburg.From there he moved to the Hague.Soon after moving to theHague,he was offered a Chair in PhiIosophy at the University ofHeidelberg.Spinoza deci ined the offer.He was afraid it might compromisehis freedom of thought and speech.At this time,Baruch Sp i noza was we I Iknown and was we 11 respected for his work.King Louis XIV of France offeredSpinoza a pension on the condition that he dedicate one of his works tothe monarch.Aga inr Spi noza rejected the offer.Spinoza s work,Ethics Demonstrated in Geometric Order,was one ofthe best out Ii nes of his theoretical framework.In this work,Sp i nozadivided his ethicaI thinking into five different part-r,0n God,Onthe Nature and Origin of the Mind,n n0n the Nature and Origin of theEmotions,”M0n Human Bondage,and On Human Liberty.Sp i noza be I ievedthat the universe is identicaI with God,who is the uncaused substanceof al I things.Baruch Sp i noza used substance for God because he be I ieved God was nota material r e a lit y but a basis for al I th ings that are re a lity.Spinozaa I so stated that humans can on I y use two k i nds of a ttr i butes of substance,thoughts and extens i on.With thought and extens i on comes para I lei ism.Para I lei ism is a theory that Sp i noza deve I oped that exp I a i ned the orderbetween the two of them.The order and connection of ideas is the sameas the order and connection of:t h i n g s.”Along with th is theory,Sp i noza be Ii eved that there was no room inthe substance universe for the ignorance of one s actions.With theseact ions Spi noza be Iieved the a ffe ct wi11 change the rest of the bodys power to act.It could increase or decrease the power even though Godalone is the cause of those actions.Spinoza discussed the concept of human bondage1 1 as a natural tendencyfor fee I i ngs and pass i ons to take contro I of I ife and to make i nd i v i dua I sinto slaves.He be Iieved that the only remedy for passion was act i ons.I f a human can c le a rly understand th e ir passions they can overcome th e irbondage much easier.The reasoning behind the work was to lay out a program for theperfection of the human nature.Baruch had many sources for h is work,but h is know I edge of the work of Rene Descartes had a considerableinfIuence on h is own.He used most of Descartes vocabulary,d e fin itio n s,and mathematicaI ways of thinking.Baruch Spinoza died on Feb.21,1677 from tubercu I os i s.He is creditedfor the most thorough study of Pantheism.M any poets relate to h is workas in sp iratio n for th e ir w ritings.The word MsynagogueM in the second paragraph most probably m e a n s.A.JudaismB.rabbisC.synaxisD.synalgia3.BJ1TEXT A/B Long before cro sso ve r and e c le c t ic”became p a rt o f the jo u rn a l i s t i cve rn a c u la r,Dinah Washington d ef ied c a te g o r iz a tio n and embraced any andevery type o f song.Her d e liv e r y was in s t a n tIy id e n t ifia b le,and shep ride d h e r s e lf on c r y s t a l-c l ear d ic t io n,p re c is e p itc h and spontane i ty.Washington made b r i l l i a n t re co rd in gs,b e gin n in g w ith her days as ap ia n is t accompanying gospeI pioneer S a l l i e M artin,through swing and R&Bse s s io n s w ith Count B a sie and L i one I Hampton,on to modern ja z z venturesw ith Cl if f o r d Brown,Max Roach and Cannonba11 A dderley and la te r pop h it sw ith Brook Benton.Author Nadine Cohodas,whose p re vio u s book on Chess Recordsm arve lo u sly out I ined th a t h is t o r ic company,now g iv e s the same e xact i ngtreatm ent to Washington in Queen:The L if e and Music o f Dinah Washington.Cohodas a ls o se Ie cte d the songs on a companion CD,re le ase d on VerveRecords.Queen is the f i r s t t r u ly comprehensive voIume on the la te sin g e r.Cohodas conducted numerous in te rvie w s w ith in s id e rs and fami ly membersand d isco ve re d documents and le t t e r s th a t re a ffirm her assessm ents.Cohodas a b ly iIlu m in a te s the q u irk s and c o n tra d ic tio n s o f W ashingtons personal ity.Washington could be extrem ely kin d and appal I in g ly crude.She comp I a i ned about her in a b iI it y to fin d happ i ness in r e la tio n s h ip s,ye t m arried seven tim es.A smart,extrem ely knowledgeable a r t i s t who hadd e f in it e ideas about her m usic,Washington fre q u e n tly clash e d w ithbandmates,desp i te o fte n be i ng accompan i ed by the g re a te s t ja z z mus ic i anson earth.ThankfuI Iy,Gohodas also presents Washington9 s upbeat,joyousand celebratory side,thus not to taI Iy resigning her to tra g ic victimstatus.Sad Iyr Washington1 s ongo i ng conf Ii cts and stru ggles with lovers,re la tiv e s and executives in many ways prevented her from achieving thefame she deserved,along with the fa c t that black femaIe singers hadextremely Iim ited opt i ons during the 50s and e a r lyJ 60s.ButWash i ngton i nf I uenced numerous vocal is ts who f o 1 1 owed her,most notab I yEsther P h illip s and Nancy Wilson,while creating an exceptionaI body ofwork th a t,s s t i l l cap tivatin g almost 41 years after her death at 39.Songs I ike Unforgettable,This B itte r Earth,n What a D ifference aDay Makes and MBaby You Got What It Takes*remain as documents of herexce11ence.Queen is a wonderful and invaluable addition to musicbiography and cu ltu ra l history.According to the passage,which of the fo l lowing statements is N O T trueA.Both Clifford Brown and Max Roach are jazz players.B.Chess Records is a musical company.C.Dinah Washington had a straightforward personality.D.Dinah Washington was a versatile artist.4.B TEXT C/BThe conditions of a rt shouId be simple.A great deal more depends uponthe heart than upon the head.Appreciation of a rt is not secured by anyelaborate scheme of learning.Art requires a good healthy atmosphere.The mot i ves fo r a rt are s t i l l around about us as they were round aboutthe ancients.And the subjects are also easi ly found by the earnestscuIptor and the:painter.Nothing is more picturesque and graceful thana man at work.The artist who goes to the chi Idren1 s playground,watchesthem at their sport and sees the boy stoop to tie his shoe,wi11 findthe same themes that engaged the attent i on of the anc i ent Greeks,andsuch observation and the i I lustrations which follow wi 11 do much tocorrect that fooIish impression that mentaI and physical beauty arealways divorced.To you,more than perhaps to any other country,has Nature beengenerous in furnishing material for art workers to work in.You havemarbIe quarr ies where the stone is more beautiful in color than any Greeksever had for their beautifuI work,and yet day after day I am confrontedwith the great building of some stupid man who has used the beautifuImaterial as if it were not precious almost beyond speech.Marble shouIdnot be used save by nob I e workmen.There i s noth i ng wh i ch gave me a greatersense of barrenness in traveling through the country than the entireabsence of wood carving on your houses.Wood carving is the simpIest ofthe decorative arts.In Switzerland the little barefooted boy beautif iesthe porch of his father1 s house with examp I es of sk i 11 in this di recti on.Why shouId not American boys do a great deal more and better than SwissboysThere is nothing to my mind more coarse in conception and more vulgarin execution than modern jewellery.This is something that can easilybe corrected.Something better should be made out of the beautifuI goldwhich is stored up in your mounta i n ho I I ows and strewn along your riverbeds.When I was at Leadv i I Ie and ref I ected that al I the shining si Iverthat I saw coming from the mines would be made into ugly dol larst it mademe sad.It shou I d be made into someth i ng more permanent.The go I den gatesat Florence are as beautifuI today as when MicheIangeIo saw them.We shou I d see more of the workman than we do.We shou I d not be contentto have the saIesman stand between us the saIesman who knows noth i ngof what he is selling save that he is charging a great deal too much forit.And watching the workman wi 11 teach that most important Iesson-thenobiIity of al I rational workmanship.Art would create a new brotherhood among men by furnishing a universalIanguage.Under its beneficent infIuences war might pass away.Thinkingthis,what place can I ascribe to art in our education If chi Idren growup among al I fair and IoveIy things,they wi 11 grow to love beauty anddetest ugl iness before they know the reason why.If you go into a housewhere everything is coarse,you find things chipped and broken andunsightIy.Nobody exercises any care.If everything is dainty andde I i cate,gent I eness and ref i nement of manner are unconsc i ous I y acqu i red.When I was in San Francisco I used to v i s i t the Ch i nese Quarter frequent I y.There I used to watch a great hulking Chinese workman at his task ofdigging,and used to see him every day drink his tea from a little cupas del icate in texture as the petal of a flower,whereas in al I the grandhoteIs of the land,where thousands of dol lars have been Iavished on greatgi It mi rrors and gaudy co I umnsy I have been given my coffee or my choco I atein cups an inch and a quarter thick.I think I have deserved somethingnicer.We can infer from the passage that sculptors can find subjects for theirwork out of al I the fol lowing E X C E P T.A.men loading or unloading a stately shipB.women drawing water from the wellC.idle saunterers walking in the streetD.cattle-drivers with their lasso lifted5.BHTEXT E/BThe Department of H om e I and Se cu rity has f ille d the nat i on9 s topcyb er-secu rity post after the previous ch ie f abruptly resigned la st weekin a move that raised questions about the Bush adm inistration 1 scommitment to protecting U.S.computer networks from e le ctro n ic threats.Andy Purdy,who served as deputy cyb er-secu rity d irecto r under formerNationaI Cyber Se cu rity D ivisio n head and se cu rity industry entrepreneurAmit Yoran,wi I I act as interim d irecto r,according to an emai I w rittenby Robert P.Lisco u ski,the department s head of infrastructureprotection.Purdy has been a m em ber of the cyb e r-secu rity d iv isio n since it wasset up i n 2003,and was the v i ce cha i rman and sen i or adv i ser on i nformat i ontechno I ogy i ssues for the Pres i d e n ts Cr it ical I nfrastructure Protect i onBoard.Purdy dec Ii ned an interview request.H om e I and Securityspokeswoman Michel Ie Petrovich said that Cyber-se cu rity wi 1 1 continueto be a p r io r ity of the Department of H om e I and Se cu rity and w e plan tomove q u ickly to f i 1 1 the position with someone who has demonstratedleadership in th is important f i e l d.Purdy moves into h is new role at a time when many cyb e r-secu ritya u th o ritie s say the Bush adm inistration has come up short in it scommitment to protecting the nation from computer viru ses and othere le ctro n ic attacks.Industry o ff i c i a Is and se cu rity experts said he isa good f i t for the job,but that the p o sitio n needs more authority inorder to make a difference.MW e,ve worked with Andy for a number of years.He s a very smartguy and very talented,n said H arris M iller,president of the InformationTechnology A ssociation of America,an Ar I i ngton,Va.-based I obby i ng f i rm.Nevertheless,M i I ler said,the job n