2022年全国乙卷高考英语试卷及答案解析.pdf
2022年 全 国 乙 卷 高 考 英 语 试 卷 第 一 部 分 听 力（共 两 节，满 分 30）做 题 时，先 将 答 案 标 在 试 卷 上。录 音 内 容 结 束 后，你 将 有 两 分 钟 的 时 间 将 试 卷 上 的 答 案 转 涂 到 答 题 卡 上。第 一 节（共 5 小 题；每 小 题 L 5分，满 分 7.5分）听 下 面 5 段 对 话。每 段 对 话 后 有 一 个 小 题，从 题 中 所 给 的 A、B、C 三 个 选 项 中 选 出 最 佳 选 项。听 完 每 段 对 话 后，你 都 有 10秒 钟 的 时 间 来 回 答 有 关 小 题 和 阅 读 下 一 小 题。每 段 对 话 仅 读 一 遍。例：How much is the shirt?A.19.15.B.9.18.C.9.15.M Co1.（1.5 分）What does the man want to do?A.Have breakfost.B.Take a walk.C.Call his office.2.（1.5 分）What was George doing last night?A.Having a meeting.B.Flying home.C.Working on a project.3.（1.5 分）Why does the man suggest going to the park?A.It s big.B.It,s quiet.C.It,s new.4.（1.5 分）How does the woman sound?A.Annoyed.B.Pleased.C.Puzzled.5.（1.5 分）Where is the man s table?A.Near the door.B.By the window.C.ln the comer.第 二 节（共 15题；每 题 1.5分，满 分 22.5分）听 下 面 5 段 对 话 或 独 白。每 段 对 话 或 独 白 后 有 几 个 小 题，从 题 中 所 给 的 A、B、C 三 个 选 项 中 选 出 最 佳 选 项。听 每 段 对 话 或 独 白 前，你 将 有 时 间 阅 读 各 个 小 题，每 小 题 5 秒 钟：听 完 后，各 小 题 将 给 出 5 秒 钟 的 作 答 时 间。每 段 第 1 页 共 4 0 页对 话 或 独 白 读 两 遍。6.(3 分)听 第 6 段 材 料，回 答 第(1)、(2)题。(1)What are the speakers going to do tonight?A.Eat out.B.Go shopping.C.Do sports.(2)What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Boss and secretary.B.Hostess and guest.C.Husband and wife.7.(3 分)听 第 7 段 材 料，回 答 第(1)、(2)题。(1)Why does the woman think July is the best time to move?A.Their business is slow.B.The weather is favorable.C.It s easy to hire people.(2)How will they handle the moving?A.Finish it all at once.B.Have the sales section go first.C.Do one department at a time.8.(4.5分)听 第 8 段 材 料，回 答 第(1)至(3)题。(1)What did Peter learn from his grandfather?A.How to appreciate art works.B.How to deal with artists.C.How to run a museum.(2)What did Peter do in Chicago?A.He studied at a college.B.He served in the anny.C.He worked in a gallery.(3)Whose works did Peter like best?A.Rembrandfs.第 2 页 共 4 0 页B.Botticelli*s.C.Rubens,.9.(6 分)听 第 9 段 材 料，回 答 第(1)至(4)题。(1)Where does the conversation take place?A.At a library.B.In a law firm.C.On a train.(2)By what time did John plan to finish his term paper?A.March.B.August.C.October.(3)Why did John quit his part-time job?A.He had to catch up with his study.B.He was offered a better one.C.He got tired of it.(4)What is Susan s attitude to John1 s problem?A.Carefree.B.Understanding.C.Forgiving.10.(6 分)听 第 10段 材 料，回 答 第(1)至(4)题。(1)What did the speaker do before the year 2012?A.A fitness coach.B.A chess player.C.A marathon runner.(2)Why was the 2016 Olympics important for the speaker?A.He was motivated by Bolt.B.He broke a world record.C.He won fifth place.(3)Which is the hardest for the speaker?A.Getting over an injury.第 3 页 共 4 0 页B.Doing strength training.C.Representing Botswana.（4）What is the speaker mainly talking about?A.His plan to go fbr the gold.B.His experience on the track.C.His love fbr his home country.第 二 部 分 阅 读 理 解（共 两 节，满 分 40）第 一 节（共 15题；每 题 2 分，满 分 3 0分）阅 读 下 列 短 文，从 每 题 所 给 的 A、B、C 和 D 四 个 选 项 中，选 出 最 佳 选 项。11.（6 分）AHenry Raeburn（1756-1823）The ExhibitionThis exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotlands bestloved painter,Sir Henry Raeburn,comes to London.Selected from collections throughout theworld,it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.Lecture SeriesScottish National Portrait（肖 像 画）Gallery presents a series of lectures fbr the generalpublic.They are held in the Lecture Room.Admission to lectures is free.An Introduction to Raeburn Raeburns English ContemporariesSunday 26 Oct.,15.00 Thursday 30 Oct.,13.10DUNCAN THOMSON JUDY EGERTONCharacters and Characterisation in Raebum and Artisfs Training in theRaeburns Portraits 18th CenturyThursday 6 Nov.,13.10 Thursday 13 Nov.,13.10NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON MARTIN POSTLEExhibition TimesMonday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45Last admission to the exhibition：17.15.There is no re-admission.Closed：24-26 December and 1 January第 4 页 共 4 0 页Admission4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.Schools and CollegesA special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full-time education,up to and including those at first degree level,in organised groups with teachers.(1)What is the right time for attending Raeburn*s English Contemporaries?A.Sun.26 Oct.B.Thurs.30 Oct.C.Thurs.6 Nov.D.Thurs.13 Nov.(2)How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?A.4.B.8.C.12.D.16.(3)How can full-time students get group discounts?A.They should go on Sunday mornings.B.They should come from art schools.C.They must be led by teachers.D.They must have ID cards with them.12.(8 分)BIn 1916,two girls of wealthy families,best friends from Auburn,N.Y.-DorothyWoodruff and Rosamond Underwood-traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains toteach in a one-room schoolhouse.The girls had gone to Smith College.They wore expensiveclothes.So for them to move to Elkhead,Colo.to instruct the children whose shoes were heldtogether with string was a surprise.Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted：The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden,who is amagazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff s granddaughter.Why did they go then?Well,they wanted to do something useful.Soon,however,they第 5 页 共 4 0 页realized what they had undertaken.They moved in with a local family,the Harrisons,and,like them,had little privacy,rare baths，and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the moming.Somemornings，Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the childrenweeping from the cold.In spring,the snow was replaced by mud over ice.In Wickenden*s book，she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism，which of course influenced the girls*decision to go to Elkhead.A hair-raising sectionconcerns the building of the railroads,which entailed(牵 涉)drilling through the Rockies,often in blinding snowstorms.The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy1 s return to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good storyteller.The sweep of the land and the stoicism(坚 忍)ofthe people move her to some beautiful writing.Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff,on herhorse,looking down from a hill top：”When the sun slipped behind the mountains,it shed arosy glow all around them.Then a full moon rose.The snow was marked only by small animals：foxes,coyotes,mice,and varying hares,which turned white in the winter.*(1)Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?A.To teach in a school.B.To study American history.C.To write a book.D.To do sightseeing.(2)What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?A.They enjoyed much respect.B.They had a room with a bathtub.C.They lived with the local kids.D.They suffered severe hardships.(3)Which part of Wickendenfs writing is hair-raising?A.The extreme climate of Auburn.B.The living conditions in Elkhead.C.The railroad building in the Rockies.D.The natural beauty of the West.(4)What is the text?第 6 页 共 4 0 页A.A news report.B.A book review.C.A children s story.D.A diary entry.13.（8 分）CCan a small group of drones（无 人 M L）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and,at the same tim e,help railway operators save billions of euros each year?That is the verylikely future of applying today s eyes in the skyn technology to making sure that the millionsof kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure（基 石 出 设 施）worldwide are safe fbr trains on a24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could doprecisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructuresuch as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they canbe inspected，the more railway safety,reliability and on-time performance will beimproved.Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient（高 效）across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railwaypersonnel safety.lt is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billioneuros a year on maintenance,including sending maintenance staff,often at night,to inspect andrepair the rail infrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with dronesassisting the crews efforts.By using the latest technologies,drones could also start providing higher-value servicesfbr railways,detecting faults in the rail or switches,before they can cause any safetyproblems.To perform these tasks,drones fbr rail dont need to be flying overhead.Engineers arenow working on a new concept：the rail drones of the fiiture.They will be moving on the trackahead of the train,and programmed to run autonomously.Very small drones with advancedsensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.With their abilityto see ahead,they could signal any problem,so that fast-moving trains would be able to reactin time.第 7 页 共 4 0 页(1)What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.B.Drones ability to work at high altitudes.C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.D.Drones,reliable performance in remote areas.(2)What does maintenance underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Personnel safety.B.Assistance from drones.C.Inspection and repair.D.Construction of infrastructure.(3)What function is expected of the rail drones?A.To provide early warning.B.To make trains run automatically.C.To earn profits for the crews.D.To accelerate transportation.(4)Which is the most suitable title for the text?A.What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesB.How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC.What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceD.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways14.(8 分)DThe Governments sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money asMinisters first predicted it would generate,the first official data on the policy has shown.First announced in April,2016,the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than5 g of sugar per 100 ml,was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(月 巴 胖).It is believedthat todays children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar,putting them at a higher risk of the disease.Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520 m a year for the Treasury.However,dataof the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount.At present it is第 8 页 共 4 0 页expected to generate 240 m for the year ending in April 2019,which will go to school sports.It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cutby manufacturers(制 造 商)so they can avoid paying the tax.Drinks now contain 45 millionfewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers*efforts to avoid the charge,according toTreasury figures.Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18 p and 24 pfbr every litre of sugary drink they produce or import,depending on the sugar content.However,some high sugar brands,like Classic Coca Cola,have accepted the sugar taxand are refusing to change fbr fear of upsetting consumers.Fruit juices,milk-based drinks andmost alcoholic drinks are free of the tax,as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1 mlitres per year.Today*s figures,according to one government official,show the positive influence thesugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds fbr sports facilities(设 施)and healthier eatingin schools.Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of greatimportance,and the industry is playing its part.(1)Why was the sugar tax introduced?A.To collect money fbr schools.B.To improve the quality of drinks.C.To protect childrens health.D.To encourage research in education.(2)How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?A.They turned to overseas markets.B.They raised the prices of their products.C.They cut down on their production.D.They reduced their products sugar content.(3)From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?A.Most alcoholic drinks.B.Milk-based drinks.C.Fruit juices.D.Classic Coke.(4)What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?第 9 页 共 4 0 页A.It is a short-sighted decision.B.It is a success story.C.It benefits manufacturers.D.It upsets customers.第 二 节(共 5 题；每 题 2 分，满 分 10分)根 据 短 文 内 容，从 短 文 后 的 选 项 中 选 出 能 填 入 空 白 处 的 最 佳 选 项。选 项 中 有 两 项 为 多 余 选 项。15.(10 分)Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health.Here are five ways tosustain(保 持)long-distance friendships.Set a regular dateLong-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact(联 系)and share with one another.With busy schedules,squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.(1).More isn t always merrierMake sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of youwants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.(2).There arealternatives to constant written communication，such as leaving voice messages or having agroup chat.,Practise empathy(共 情)(3).The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional timedemands placed on the friend who has moved.The one in the new environment should besympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.(4)_Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distancefriendships.Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible,extraeffort goes a long way on special days.Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends 1birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.,D on t rely on technology alone(5),but long-distance friendships-even close ones-may require moreconscious effort to sustain.Try to seek out chances to renew friendships.How to do it?Justspend face-to-face time together whenever possible.第 1 0 页 共 4 0 页A.Remember important datesB.Compensate by writing lettersC.It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeperD.Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to itE.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communicationF.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social mediaG.You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind语 言 知 识 运 用(共 两 节，满 分 45)第 一 节(共 20题；每 题 1.5分，满 分 30分)阅 读 下 面 短 文，从 短 文 后 各 题 所 给 的 A、B、C 和 D 四 个 选 项 中，选 出 可 以 填 入 空 白 处 的 最 佳 选 项。16.(30 分)Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.For them,there s something highly exciting about(1)someone else s glance and makingoneself unable to be seen.However,we all witness that preschool children are remarkably(2)athiding.They often cover only their eyes with their hands,leaving the rest of their bodies(3).For a long time,this ineffective hiding method was(4)as evidence that childrenare hopelessly uegocentricu(自 我 中 心 的)creatures.But our(5)research resultsin child developmental psychology(6)that idea.We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each(7)sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or(8).We thenasked the child if she could(9)or hear the adult.Sutprisingly,children replied that theycouldn*t.The
