英语公共演讲开头和结尾技巧课件.ppt

Beginning and Conclusion ofthe SpeechBeginning of the speechGuidelinesA.GoalsoftheintroductionB.DevelopinganEffectiveIntroductionC.AvoidingCommonFaultsD.CriteriaforanEffectiveIntroductionE.TipsforyouGoals of the introductionvGettingYourAudiencesAttentionvHelpestablishamoodvCreateaFavorablePersonalRelationshipwiththeAudiencevMaketheSpeakerMoreatEasevPreviewYourMainIdeasDeveloping an Effective IntroductionFive waysvAskingaQuestionvUsingaQuotationvUsingStartlingFactsorStatisticsvUsingStoriesvUsingHumorsAsking a QuestionExamples:vWhatbugsyoumostaboutyourcollegeclasses?vIfyoucouldorhadtolivethelifeofsomeoneelse,whomwouldyouchoose?vDoyouagreewiththatoldclaimthatonlydeathandtaxesareinevitable?Using a QuotationExamples:Awisepersononcesaid,“Alwayshaveyourbagspacked,youneverknowwherelifesjourneyisgoingtotakeyou.”Icouldntagreemore.Infact,asyoucansee,Ihavemybagswithmetonight.sheholdsupherstandardmedicalbagfortheaudiencetosee.-AMApresidentNancyDickeyAmerican Medical AssociationUsing Startling Facts or StatisticsAspeechabouteatingdisorderWhoarefiveofthemostimportantwomeninyourlife?Yourmother?Yoursister?Yourdaughter?Yourwife?Yourbestfriend?Nowwhichoneofthemhashadorwillhaveaneatingdisorder?Beforeyoudisregardmyquestion,listentowhatresearchtellsus.OneineveryfivewomenintheUnitedStateshaseatingdisorder.Using StoriesvPersonalstoriesvCelebritysstoriesvAnonymousstoriesvDogsstoriesUsing HumorsvSpeakersshouldassurethatthereisapracticalpointtotheiruseofhumorsothattheycanstillmakearelevantapplicationofthestorytothetopicorarea.C.Avoiding some common faults of introductiona.Nocommonbutineffectivestatements b.Noapologyc.Notoomuchdetailedintroductionsd.Dontstartwith“TodayImgoingtotalkabout”e.Dontleadtheaudiencetotakeanegativeattitudetowardyoursubjectf.DontaskabroadquestionC.Avoiding some common faults of introductiona.No such ineffective statementsBeforeIbeginmytalk,IwanttosayIhopeIcanremembereverythingIwanttosayPleaseforgivemeifIhavemissedsomethingCommon used but insignificant statements:b.No apologyImcertainlygladtobeheretotalkwithyoutoday,butIdowanttoapologizebeforeIbeginmyspeechIlltrytogiveyoualotinformationaboutthissubject,butIjustgotbackfromameetinganddidnthaveallthetimeIsorryaboutthecoughIhavetoday.IhopeyoullbeabletobearmeOKandthatyoullbearwithmeApologiesareusuallythesameandinappropriate.Youcangetyouproblemsexplainedbythechairormoderatorinsteadofyourselfifnecessary.c.No too much detailed introductionsDo not labor introductions I show great interest in my subject and spend a lot oftime doing research To tell the truth,I reallydont have time to preparemuch of the speech This may seem pretty simple to a lot of you,but take my word for it,it is important Long boring and unspecificIrrespective unconsciousunimportantnonsensesredundantd.Dont start with“Today Im going to talk about”Attention-getterQuotations-ChairmanMaohadeversaidthat-AsafamoussayinggoesCreatehumorousatmosphere-Withafunnyjoke.-Relevanttoyourtopic.Raise a question?-IsanybodyknowthatEinsteinhadever?-Whatisthemosteffectivewaytolearn.?Tell a story-Oncetherewasaboywhodevotedalotto-Itisatruestoryhappenedarounde.Dont lead the audience to take a negative attitude toward your subjectvBeoptimistic,bepassionateandhumorousvAudiencewillfollowyourstep.vNoattention-gettervNorespondenceandagreement.f.Dont ask a broad questionGetyouraudienceabsent-mindedofyourbroadquestionLeadyouraudiencetothinkitsawasteoftimeTheaudienceknownothingaboutyoutopicHave you ever wondered bow oil is distributed?Im not sure that I can talk about this issue professionally and creatively.Your may not realize it,and you may not agree with me,but actually the most important thing is.D.Criteria for an effective introduction5.itispersuasiveandinnovative1.Itisrelevant4.Itstimulatedyouraudience2.Itgetyouraudienceinvolved3.ItgetsthemtothinkpositivelyaboutyoursubjectE.Tips for youThemostsuccessfulpeoplearetheonewhovegotmostfailures.ItisveryimportantforustofollowtheregulationatschoolasastudentNoonecanachieveifhecontributesnothing,youneedtobedevoted.2.Avoid clichs3.Be directly 1.Be assertiveE.Tips for you4.Use quotesWell-said quotes is available.No cross,no crown5.Be confidantimagine you have succeed for many timePractice!practice and practice 6.Learn from common lifeSlow down the pace of life,pay attention to roadside sceneryConclusion of the speechGuidelineA.The purpose of conclusionB.Methods of concludingC.Dos and Donts of ConclusionD.Tips For UA.The purpose of conclusionPurposes1.Todrawthelastattention2.Toleaveyourfavorableimpression3.TogiveasenseofcompletenessB.Methods of concludingB.Methods of concludingMethods1.Summarize2.Callforaction3.Givechallenge4.Throwashock5.Refertothefollowingevent6.Returntotheintroduction7.ThanktheaudienceC.Dos and Donts of Conclusion1、Do Work on Your Conclusion Carefully2、Do Point Up That You Are About to Finish If Helpful 3、Do Make the Conclusion 10%or Less of Your Speech4、Do Write Out the First Sentence of Your Conclusion on Your Speech5、Do Thank the AudienceC.Dos and Donts of Conclusion1、Do Not Say。2、Do Not Apologize3、Do Not Stretch It Out4、Do Not Introduce New Material 5、Do Not Continue to Speak as You leave the lecternD.Tips For U1、Do Not Rush to an Ending Abruptly2、Do Not Shout Slogans Unless Appropriate3、Use Quotations Wiselyto Create an Ending on a Powerful Note