高中英语 三模块二单元project课件 牛津必修3.ppt
Unit 2 ProjectUnit 2 ProjectChinese charactersThe development of 2021/8/11 星期三1Can you make out any of these Chinese characters?2021/8/11 星期三22021/8/11 星期三3贞贞(会意会意)今今(会意会意)疾疾(会意会意)夕夕(象形象形)雨雨(象形象形)其其(象形象形)2021/8/11 星期三4甲骨文甲骨文金文金文战国文字战国文字小篆小篆Oracle Bone InscriptionsBronze InscriptionsLesser Seal Characters 2021/8/11 星期三5野野鹤鹤巢巢边边松松最最古古仙仙人人掌掌上上雨雨初初晴晴 江流有声江流有声 断岸千尺断岸千尺 小篆小篆Lesser seal Lesser seal characterscharacters2021/8/11 星期三6隶书隶书草书草书Official Script Cursive Script2021/8/11 星期三7王曦之王曦之兰亭序兰亭序行书行书永和九年，岁在癸丑，暮春之初，永和九年，岁在癸丑，暮春之初，会于会稽山阴之兰亭，修禊事也。会于会稽山阴之兰亭，修禊事也。群贤毕至，少长咸集。此地有崇群贤毕至，少长咸集。此地有崇山峻岭，茂林修竹。又有清流激山峻岭，茂林修竹。又有清流激湍，映带左右，引以为流觞曲水湍，映带左右，引以为流觞曲水.楷书楷书Formal ScriptFormal ScriptRunning Running ScriptScript2021/8/11 星期三8Do the Chinese characters Do the Chinese characters Do the Chinese characters Do the Chinese characters remain the same for thousands remain the same for thousands remain the same for thousands remain the same for thousands of years?of years?of years?of years?NO!Chinese characters are always changing!Question2021/8/11 星期三9Who first invented Chinese writing?When did the Chinese government introduce simplified Chinese characters?Cang Jie.In the 1950s.Fast reading2021/8/11 星期三10 Listen to the tape and answer the Listen to the tape and answer the following questions.following questions.1.How old is the Chinese writing?2.How did Cang Jie invent Chinese writing?3.What do we call the first real Chinese characters?4.How did the character of“mountain”develop over time?Can you give any other examples?2021/8/11 星期三11Answer the following questions.Answer the following questions.1.How old is the Chinese writing?2.How did Cang Jie invent Chinese writing?Thousands of years.Cang Jie saw the footprints of birds and animals in the snow and he got the idea he could use different shapes or pictures to represent objects.2021/8/11 星期三123.What do we call the first real Chinese characters?We call them pictograghs,which mean line drawings of physical objects.4.How did the character of“mountain”develop over time?Can you give any other examples?The pictograph for a mountain was originally three peaks together.Then this became one peak and three lines and finally turned into the character we use today.There are some other examples such as eye,sun,and moon.2021/8/11 星期三13Brief introduction to Chinese charactersOrigins of Chinese charactersDevelopment of Chinese charactersCharacters used to express ideasCharacters used to express directions and numbersPictophonetic charactersSimplified Chinese charactersExamples of pictographsThe main idea of each paragraph:2021/8/11 星期三142021/8/11 星期三15仓颉,汉字的创始人,是古代神话传说中黄帝的史官.据说刻在兽骨和龟甲上的文字也是由他发明的.他被尊为“造字圣人”.Cang Jie,who is believed to have invented Chinese characters,used to work as a history official under the Yellow Emperor in ancient China.It is said that the inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells were also invented by him.He has been taken as a legendary figure in Chinese history and culture.2021/8/11 星期三162021/8/11 星期三172021/8/11 星期三182021/8/11 星期三192021/8/11 星期三20 Forms and development of Chinese characters The first real Chinese The first real Chinese characterscharacterspictographsIdeographs会意字会意字 Indicatives指事字指事字 pictophonetic形声字形声字Characters made by combining Characters made by combining two or more elements togethertwo or more elements togetherThe form of the characters which The form of the characters which are used to indicate directions are used to indicate directions and numbersand numbersCharacters consistingCharacters consisting of the of the semantic(semantic(语意的语意的)radical and)radical and phonetic(phonetic(语音的语音的)radical)radical2021/8/11 星期三21PictographA pictograph is a depiction(描绘描绘)of a material object.SunMoonMountainSheepBull象形字象形字 HumanWoman2021/8/11 星期三22Ideographs Ideographs 会意字会意字 composed of two or more existing characters.A man leans A man leans against a tree,against a tree,which means which means that he is that he is resting.resting.2021/8/11 星期三23土土 Please move the boxes around to make a character to match the English word.sit man rest good forest木木木木木木人人木木人人人人子子 田田力力 坐坐男男休休好好森森女女2021/8/11 星期三24Indicatives or Self-Explanatory Characters 指事字指事字 On the topBeneathThe left symbol means The left symbol means a sword.a sword.Put a point on the Put a point on the character“sword”,then character“sword”,then it refers to the blade.it refers to the blade.上上下下2021/8/11 星期三25Indicatives 指事字指事字 2021/8/11 星期三26Pictophonetic形声字形声字帽、洋、姥、驶、材、帽、洋、姥、驶、材、枝、钢、侣、铜枝、钢、侣、铜、洲、洲2021/8/11 星期三27Development of Chinese charactersDevelopment of Chinese characters2021/8/11 星期三28Which do you prefer?漢字擁有悠久的歷史，它是中國文化的象徵，是中國勞動人民智慧的結晶。汉字拥有悠久的历史，它是中国文化的象征，是中国劳动人民智慧的结晶。Chinese simpleChinese complexV s.V s.2021/8/11 星期三29Nowadays there are so many borrowed words in our language.Please cite some examples and talk about whether it is necessary for us to use such words.Discussion2021/8/11 星期三30You are going to write a booklet You are going to write a booklet about the way several Chinese about the way several Chinese characters developed.Please do characters developed.Please do the group work and follow the the group work and follow the instructions on P 39 to finish your instructions on P 39 to finish your own booklet.own booklet.2021/8/11 星期三31In fact,there are six categories of Chinese characters:pictographs,self-explanatory characters,associative compounds,pictophonetic characters,phonetic loan characters,and mutually explanatory characters.2021/8/11 星期三32Languagepoints2021/8/11 星期三33The way a written language developed can tell us just as much about a culture as the history of a spoken language.一种书面语言的发展方式一种书面语言的发展方式,能告诉我们关于一种口能告诉我们关于一种口语的历史语的历史,同样也告诉我们文化方面的东西同样也告诉我们文化方面的东西.1.我不喜欢他对待孩子的方式我不喜欢他对待孩子的方式.I dont like the way he treats his child.2.他解决问题的方式很奇特他解决问题的方式很奇特.The way he solved the problems was strange.2021/8/11 星期三34The Chinese language differs from many Western languages in that it uses characters which have meanings and can stand alone as words.differ from不同于不同于;有区别有区别=be different fromMen are alike in their promises.It is only in their deeds that they differ(from each other).人在许诺时都一样人在许诺时都一样,不同之处在于他们的行动不同之处在于他们的行动.differ from/with sb.on/about sth 与某人在某事上与某人在某事上意见不一致意见不一致Im sorry to differ from/with you about that question.对不起对不起,关于这个问题我与你的看法不同关于这个问题我与你的看法不同.汉语汉语与与很多西方语言很多西方语言不同不同,区别区别在于在于汉语使用的基本汉语使用的基本单位汉字本身就具有意义单位汉字本身就具有意义.2021/8/11 星期三35in that 因为因为;原因是原因是;在于在于He differed from other people in that he always looked farther ahead in his work.他和别人不同的是他在工作中比别人都看得远些他和别人不同的是他在工作中比别人都看得远些.相关链接相关链接:make a/no/some/little difference 有一点有一点/没有没有/有些有些/几乎没有作用几乎没有作用/关系关系/影响影响对我来说对我来说,你走或留都没有关系你走或留都没有关系.It doesnt make any difference to me whether you go or stay.2021/8/11 星期三36Chinese people invented numerous characters to represent ideas,objects or actions.represent vt.1.表现；描写；描画表现；描写；描画This painting represents a storm.这幅画描绘暴风雨。这幅画描绘暴风雨。2.代表代表We chose a committee to represent us.我们选出一个委员会来代表我们。我们选出一个委员会来代表我们。中国人发明了无数的汉字来表达思想中国人发明了无数的汉字来表达思想,物体或动物物体或动物.2021/8/11 星期三37Chinese words are often formed by combining different bine v.使联合使联合/结合结合 常与介词常与介词with 连用连用这两个党不可能联合在一起这两个党不可能联合在一起.Its impossible to combine the two parties.We should combine theory with practice.我们必须使理论与时间相结合我们必须使理论与时间相结合.The two small shops combined to make a large one.这两个小店合并起来成为一个大商店。这两个小店合并起来成为一个大商店。combination结合；联合；合并结合；联合；合并His character is a combination of strength and kindness.他的性格是刚与柔的结合。他的性格是刚与柔的结合。2021/8/11 星期三38However,not all characters are used to describe objects.当当not与与all,both,everyone,everything,everywhere,everyday 等连用时为部分否定等连用时为部分否定,意为意为”并不都并不都.”1.All that glitters is not gold.=Not all that glitters is gold.闪光的并不都是金子闪光的并不都是金子.2.Both of them havent read this story.=Only one of them has read this story.并非他们二人都看过这个故事并非他们二人都看过这个故事.然而并不是所有汉字都是用来描述物体的然而并不是所有汉字都是用来描述物体的.3.This kind of flower cant be seen everywhere.这种花不是随处可见的这种花不是随处可见的.2021/8/11 星期三39当当not与与any,anyone,anywhere,anything 连用或出现连用或出现no,nothing,nobody,nowhere,none时是完全否定时是完全否定.All of us do not agree to the plan.None of us agree(s)to the plan.Everything is not ready.Nothing is ready.我们我们并不是都并不是都同意这个计划同意这个计划.并不是一切并不是一切都准备好了都准备好了.一切都没一切都没准备好准备好.我们我们都不都不同意这个计划同意这个计划.I fear no difficulty.=We dont fear any difficulty.我们不怕困难我们不怕困难.比较下面的句子比较下面的句子:2021/8/11 星期三40Though pictographs indicate meanings,they do not show how they should be pronounced.尽管象形字可以表意尽管象形字可以表意,但它们不可以表音但它们不可以表音.indicate 1.指出指出;指示指示;标示标示A signpost indicated the right road for us to follow.一个路标给我们指出应走的路。一个路标给我们指出应走的路。2.2.暗示暗示I indicated that his help was not welcome.我表示他的帮助不受欢迎。我表示他的帮助不受欢迎。3.3.表示明白表示明白In this map,the towns are indicated by a red dot.在这张地图上，城镇是用小红点标的。在这张地图上，城镇是用小红点标的。2021/8/11 星期三41Thank you!2021/8/11 星期三422021/8/11 星期三43
