英语名词语法复习课件.ppt
语法专题(一)名 词愚凑凤厅编瞬贞树搭堵暴诱吞用索邀奄警孺苍校皱潮砂膨绥奋剃卧彦樟滑英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习专有名词主要是指人名、地名或某类人或事物的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。名词焰纠老荒乌泞疮迷绣秧躬铣邑咖涌忍婉粤芯违凭子炽授布源耐愉职骂吹檬英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习专有名词(Proper Nouns)普通名词(Common Nouns)个体名词(Individual Nouns)集体名词(Collective Nouns)物质名词(Material Nouns)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns)不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)可数名词(Countable Nouns)专缓寒托祖锅吹窗蚤百狼展直哭银樟延啤榔绝魄瑰国孺布岳蛤必担花艇丧英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。氧池湿鸵括炳返雹寝侵必蝶命移郴废尾永尧雏拍窄绚厉坠锚猫案苇赤沽拉英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习Proper Nouns:指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称Eg:Diana;Beijing;Americans;English;May;New Years Day注意:专有名词的第一个字母要大写釉哈解吨欺鞭漱邓迄李熄搬钝棋郧统蛛辜腥羌带膨猜情败醇召巾旁秀瞪莎英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习Common Nouns:一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词1.Individual Nouns:指作为个体而存在的人或东西可以指具体的人或物。Eg:aunts;a panda;apartments也可指抽象东西。Eg:a year;fairy tales;a dream语梭物森精恬飘身彪突皇毫氯喂闰夺幻值抒鞍坐灶晕浩浴世堂宜屏览衬畔英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习2.Collective Nouns:表示若干个个体组成的集合体Eg:army;audience;crew;family;team;police;government;public集体名词有时作单数看待,有时作复数看。一般来说,视为整体时作单数看,突出它的成员时作复数看。His family _ not large.(be)Cf:His family _ all music lovers.(be)有些集体名词后单复数动词都可以用,没什么差别。Eg:The audience was(were)excited by the show.isare症遣肚道险痪氖聋堵沮讽昨难删会弛律音渊赶依飘吃窄运跺摈划边蔬物暴英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习有少数集体名词通常用作单数。Eg:The gang is being hunted by the police.Our company is sending him to work in Berlin.个别集体名词则多作复数看待。Eg:The police are looking for him.绵药普博雕务猴邀菩里穆且典腋勒廷纪势笋屏卡潜妒映秀彻莱片忱竹天酥英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习3.Material Nouns:指无法分为个体的物质。Eg:beer;cake;cloth;cotton;detergent;fur;ice;paint;paper;soil一般来说,物质名词是不可数的,因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况:1)有些物质名词可用作可数名词,表示“一份”、“一杯”、“一种”Eg:Two strong black coffees,please.(两份)Three beers,please.(三杯)It was a special tea.(一种)2)个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。Eg:rains(雨季)sands(沙滩)snows(积雪)waters(海域)存脐妒汇乍潦稳踞堰菱峦仟佑剂鱼少竣鄙营澳滥剂苇具趾挨君崔堤榆爹卸英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习4.Abstract Nouns:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念Eg:education;love;policy;trust;nature;fashion;relief;silence;truth,etc.多数情况下,这种名词常用于单数形式,不加任何冠词。Eg:Hes learning French for fun.I wish you good luck.抽象名词转化为可数名词。Failure is the mother of success.(失败与成功在此为抽象概念)As a teacher,she is a success,but as a mother,she is a failure because she devotes little time to looking after her child.(成功者,失败者,可数)琉辩绝墟丧哗陡介份扣粟骨耘簧概和譬憎迟护禄靠挞聂船廖瞥蓬溶妖赡墓英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习名词的数 不可数名词一般没有单复数之分,它包括抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词。例如:health,advice,glass,wood,English,America不可数名词作主语,谓语动词须用单数形式。响脓饺素搅登个条忧缉臻悦弄际尉开维捧蒙沏榴刀爆茹争扯采迹盈亩捶眩英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习情况 加法 例词一般情况以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词以辅音y结尾的词以辅音+o 结尾的词以f或fe结尾的词加-s加-es去y加-ies多数加-es 把f/fe改成vesBrothers;schoolsBuses;watches;dishes*1Ladies;countries;*2Heroes;tomatoes*3Halves;leaves;*4可数名词有单、复数之分。可数名词的复数形式有以下几种:榨施快浪奄狮舍饺呢捻赴笨行袄岳谴鲍箕滦江泡客戏康血萄挞嘘翱惑熄叛英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习Notes:*1:stomachstomachs*2:以元音+y或以专有名词+y结尾的名词,直接在词尾加-s.Eg:boys;toys;Henrys*3:以元音+o eg:videos;studios以oo结尾 eg:zoos;bamboos;kangaroos一些外来词(特别是音乐方面的词)eg:pianos一些缩写词 eg:kilos;photos;memos一些专有名词 eg:Eskimos;Filipinos直接在词尾加-s.*4:以f/fe结尾只加-s的词:proofs;gulfs;cliffs;roofs;serfs;beliefs;chiefshandkerchief(手帕,手绢)的复数形式两者都可以。八惨靠政耗蛔险胖措捻权谩恍桩杆剿大驴否行跺沽投资襄微卿憎芝刽诫雾英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习 单复数相同的情况:sheep;deer;means;fish;works;species;Chinese;Japanese以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名词。Eg:yuan,jiao,fen,jin,mu 只有复数形式的情况:trousers(裤子);glasses(眼镜);compasses(圆规)a pair ofthanks;clothes;remains;goods;people;cattle鳖闽车扛帧鼠循骇难鞠丝夷衷经慎堵稚祸惟菊窖弊并筹习匡阑靛蜘赵腋去英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习复合名词的复数形式:1.主体名词变为复数形式:lookers-on;editors-in-chief;sons-in-law2.两个组成部分皆变为复数:women doctors;men cooks*这种形式的第一个名词必须是man或woman呀云崖既殿栋患贱卵酵啪锗贾诌额拴育顽斥吧邀速蝶赁锡陈援囊靖彻擂壕英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习不规则复数:1.man men Eg:woman women;chairman-chairmen2.oo ee Eg:foot-feet;tooth-teeth;goose-geese3.+en Eg:child-children;ox-oxen4.ouse ice Eg:mouse-mice;louse-lice(虱子)有些外来词的不规则复数形式:Eg:analysis-analyses;basis-bases;thesis-theses;crisis-crisescriteri on-criteria;phenomenon-phenomena;medium-media郸杭浦诣镊勺煽帕导颖屠风贸狂孺安四搂水炒道妖镍豫嚏但为请右忻贰堕英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可数名词。glass(玻璃)copper(铜)tin(锡)paper(纸)iron(铁)wood(木头)gold(金子)youth(青春)power(力量)beauty(美)pleasure(愉快)relation(关系)a glass(玻璃杯)a copper(铜币板)a tin(罐头)a paper(报纸,证件,论文)an iron(熨斗)a wood(树林)a gold(金牌)a youth(年青人)a power(大国)a beauty(美人,美的东西)a pleasure(使人感到愉快的事)a relation(亲戚)邮痈彝数羔逼贸乖祭雕撒镭相钒藉艾阀敞陛范朝渊脖坚还拆壹洱凹虏幌赏英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习英语中有许多对词,一个可数,一个不可数。a poem(一首诗)a machine(一台机器)a job(一件工作)a laugh(一个笑声)a permit(许可证)a garment(一件衣裳)a bag(case)(一件行李)a loaf(一只面包)a hair(一根头发)poetry(诗歌总称)machinery(机器总称)work(工作)laughter(笑声)permission(允许)clothing(衣裳总称)luggage,baggage(行李)bread(面包)hair(头发)树股疮霓恩嗡袄袍啃咬时后垣叉贰肇纳拉镇黔颓锁陪轴勿嘘戎邢柿毗抽庐英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习几个名词的特殊用法 hair_.(他的头发是白的。)_.(他有几根白的头发。)His hair is whiteHe has a few grey hairs fruit The fruit is sweet.He likes pears,peaches,grapes and other fruits.装肿匀市藻礁美境得卓矾著洒沦截秉赵樟纹卫督音拐熬拙义犀诊福帧乍独英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习 policeThe police _ searching for the murderer.weredozen,scoretwo(many,several)dozen pencilsthree _ them/these pencilsdozens of studentstwo score of studentsscores of peopledozen ofword(消息,通知),man(人类),前面不加冠词,也不用复数形式,谓语用单数。寺鉴俊伶容孵花甩盈取途奉全靛凌开狄肤憨轧蝇串榨骗仅搓炉饶肺交毅捡英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习名词的格 所有格的形式:一般的名词所有格在后面加 s,如:Marys book 以 s 结尾的复数名词所有格在后面仅加,如:Teachers Day,the students reading-room 以 s 结尾的专有名词所有格,如:Engelss works 或Engels works恭午与徐冠促筏诱啤恳授绳皂涕诬挡泄域混涸唇篷薄樊乳万缄杠灵薛长辟英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习 s 结尾的所有格形式多用于有生命的东西的名词。但有时其它的名词也可以,如:todays newspaper,fifteen minutes ride等与时间有关的名词。凡不能加 s 构成所有格的名词,都可以与 of 结成短语,来表示所有格关系。就是有生命的东西的名词也可如此,特别是当这个名词有较长的定语时。如:Do you know the name of the girl standing at the gate?螟嚣怠鸿勿缆碴主烧二怨窑补烈殖搂葫精阜柏狞次攫妻婿烙谣硕茬域擎险英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习 一个名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提到,往往可以省略,避免前后重复。如:This is not my pen,but Marys.有时某些 s 结尾的所有格形式可以表示地点,如某人的家或店铺、教堂等:We can meet at Marys.He went to his sisters for dinner yesterday.I had the dress made at the tailors at the corner of the street.Last week we visited St.Pauls.苛超鲤唐胖螟的舜剃苔析傅寒碧井伴氛场问裹福谆畦册策鹅卞贤刁液蟹逼英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习属格形式应用场合 举例用在表示有生命的名词后Tom and Mikes room(两人共有)Toms and Mikes rooms(两人分别所有)用在时间名词后three weeks leave,todays papers 属格 用在距离,长度名词后 twenty miles journey用在地点名词后 Chinas industry用在天体名词后 the earths surface用在价格名词后 a dollars worthof 属格 用在表无生命事物名词后 the door of our classroom双重属格名词前有a,some,any,few,no,several等词修饰时a friend of my brothers several classmates of his其呜贿鹿沛益怎氏裁库值退污殷泣尔渍勿拔壳个夯谣聘改甘牙晾纸燕凶酥英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习名词所有格(The Possessive Case of Nouns)some patterns:1.Ill take the risk for friendships sake.2.She was at her wits end.3.Now they could sing at their hearts content.4.We should get the children out of harms way.5.We had best keep them at arms length.6.For goodness sake,stop arguing.7.Jane got the moneys worth out of the coat.(为了友谊)(黔驴技穷)(尽情地)(不受损害)(保持距离)(看在上帝的份上)(很合算)启涂淀秘铸忙炙卿糙刹五催度毅输熔羔听级辞于买衙狙太瘸昭叙唯跺贞崭英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习名词在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等。名词作定语时,需注意:an enemy soldier several _ a boy student three _ a man teacher three _ a woman doctor three _ _(一家鞋店)名词在句子中的作用enemy soldiersboy studentsmen teacherswomen doctorsa shoe store框液唾李姆化焊央甭籽辞蒜域付材毛说命墨维穗蒜篙茄耗俗吓迭矾矿坎苇英语名词语法复习英语名词语法复习