高二英语外研版选修八讲义MODULE1SECTIONⅡ.docx

Section HLanguage Points I （Introduction & Reading and Vocabulaiy）课刖 预选国I .单词拼写1. The stone rolled down the mountain by gravity（重力）.2. The two continents were connected by a mass（块）of land at one time.3. The rainfall（降水量）averages 36 inches a year.4. The radioactive（放射性的）waste should be buried deeply under the ground in sealed box.5. . When you left our space, you weren't in a fit state（犬态）.6. They signed a treaty（条约）to settle all the border disputes.7. Rivalry（竞争）with other schools is encouraged.II.拓展词汇1. explorern.探险者f explore。探险；勘探f exploration探险；勘探2. annual。力.每年的f annu每y ado.一年一度地3. depthn.深度 f deepadj & ado.深的；深深地 f deeply ado .居 U烈地；深刻地 f deepen 加深；深化4. inhospitable a的'.荒芜的,不相宜居住的；不好客的f hospitable办好客的f hospitality n.好客；殷勤款待5. extremeadj. & n.极端（的），极度（的）f extremely.极端地,极其；特别6. balancev.使平衡f balanced46二平衡的7. mercial力.商业的f mercnU商业，贸易，交易8. promote”促进,增进promotion几.晋级；增进|巧记单词词根词形变化构词点拨hospitableinhospitablein-加形容词构成具有否认意义的形容词promotepromotion动词去e加-(t)ion构成名词mercemercial名词去e力口-ial构成形容词川.补全短语乎 ；上几 出踏一 ; 式突；态一 近 成形.，达状受 接应圆佃目到 j圆 ; 固 注， 近均0-人入其于一 靠平倏由以引进尤处使惹眼1. close to on average3. adapt to4. be made up of5. in the form of6. stand out7. . set foot on8. in particular9. in a（n） .state10. keep free from .21必背句型1.教材原句With annual rainfall close to zero, Antarctica is technically a desert.南极洲降雨量几乎为零，严格说来该区域就是一片荒漠。句型点拨with复合结构。佳句赏析(2017北京高考总分值作文)泰山长期以来都是一个受欢送的旅游景点，有很4If your daughter knows that she can only eat out one weekend a month because you're putting money away for a European trip in 2018, she will be much more cooperative and feel she is a part of the decision.5Link your investment to a particular financial goal; your mitment to it will be stronger. A client decided to open an RD, but she seemed directionless about the investment. Once we suggested that she link it to her daughter's education fund, she immediately increased the amount she was investing. When you name your investment, the goal takes on a greater meaning.A. Give your goals a meaning.B The charm dies down, and so does the enthusiasm.C. It's a good idea to involve your family in your financial plan.D. Look at them as a promise to yourself, a promise that needs to be honored.E. I suggested that she set her alarm for 5 minutes before her regular time.F. If you know this well in advance, you are less likely to buy an expensive mobile phone on an urge.G. Once a habit is formed, we want to move ahead and will most probably increase the investment amount without any encouragement.语篇解读：很多人都有理财的冲动，但如何保持好的理财习惯呢？本文给出了一些专业 的理财建议。1 .解析：选B 从上句可知，人们会在极度兴奋的状态下制订理财方案，而这些时刻 往往是得到加薪或读完一本自助书时。但吸引力会渐渐消逝，激情也一样，所以原来制订方 案时的激情会渐渐消退，下文的建议会帮你保持全年的理财激情。应选B项。2 .解析：选E 由此空后一句可知，假如她每十天把时间提前5分钟，那她在8个月 内就可以到达每天早上6: 30起床的目标。E项（我建议她设置闹钟时比平常时间提前5分 钟）符合语境，应选E项。3 .解析：选G 此空所在段落的主题为：分清方案和习惯。方案是刻意的，习惯是下 意识的。所以不要急着，要制订方案，然后渐渐养成习惯。G项（一旦习惯养成，我们就想 不断前进，并极有可能在没有任何鼓舞的状况下不断增加数额）符合语境，故G项正确。4 .解析：选C 空处下一句指“当女儿知道你的理财方案对她有利的时候，她就会支 持你的方案。 C项（让家人参加到你的理财方案中去是一个好办法）符合语境。应选C项。5 .解析：选A 从该标题下的例子可知，当毫无方向的客户把方案和女儿的教育联系 起来时，她即刻增加了数额。所以要和某一特定目标联系起来，这样你对此目标的投入意愿 就会更加剧烈。故A项正确。VI .课时微写作（依据汉语提示完成小作文）Li Ming works in a big pany. Shortly after he （i）set foot in（踏入）it, he adapted himselfLto（使 自 己适应）the new environment. He works so hard that he ©stands out （突出）and gets promoted（获得晋升）.Whats more, he can balance work and family （平衡工作和家庭）.Therefore, his wife and daughter both love him very much.多中国传奇故事。Mount Tai has long been a popular tourist attraction, with many Chinese legendary stories attached to it.2 .教材原句|A high mountain range, the Trans-Antarctica range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two.一座高耸的山脉横穿南极洲I,从东到西将南极洲分为两半。句型点拨现在分词短语作结果状语。佳句赏析(2017天津高考总分值作文)我始终忙着预备期末考试，没有多少时间和家人 沟通，也没有时间和伴侣们闲逛了。I have been busy making preparations for the final exam, leaving me not much time to municate with my family or hang out with my friends.3 .教材原句Not until the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctica Circle, but he never saw land.直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发觉任何陆地。I句型点拨not until置于句首引起的局部倒装。I佳句赏析直到她看了那部电影她才明白真爱是什么。Not until she watched the film did she understand what true love is.4 .教材原句Then in 1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the An-tarctic mainland.后来到了 1895年,一个叫卡斯滕博克格雷温克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。句型点拨the flrst/second/(+./p/w2.)后常接不定式(to do)作定语。佳句赏析我们班长总是第一个到教室，最终一个离开。Our monitor is always the first to e to the classroom and the last to leave.必研占析单词讲短语解句型在语境中突破在剖析中记忆1. With annual rainfall close to zero, Antarctica is technically a desert.(P2)南极洲降雨量几乎为零，严格说来该区域就是一片荒漠。With annual rainfall close to zero是“with +宾语+宾语补足语”结构，在句中作状语。 with复合结构常见的形式有：副词形容词介词短语亚汕+宾语+j不定式(品示未发生的动作)现在分词(表主动，动作正在进行)(过去分词(表被动，动作已经完成)The boy always sleeps with his head on the arm.这个男孩总是头枕着胳膊睡觉。With so many people staring (stare) at her, she felt very nervous.这么多人盯着她看，她感到很紧急。With so many essays to write (write), he won't have time to go shopping this morning.有那么多文章要写，他今日早上没有时间去买东西。With most of the problems solved (solve), I felt a great weight taken off my mind.大局部问题都解决了，我感到如释重负。2. Antarctica holds 90% of the world's ice, and most of its fresh water (70%) is in a frozen state, of course.(P2)南极洲拥有世界上90%的冰，当然其大局部淡水(70%)都处于一种冰冻状态。state n.状态；状况；国家；州vt.规定；声明；陈述写出以下句中state的含义 Railways in China belong to the state. 国家 He stated that he had never seen that man.声明in a(n) .state处于状态return to normal state 恢复到正常状态The old house is in a bad state now and needs repairing.这座老房子现在状况不好需要修缮。After three hours' hard work, the electricity supply eventually returned to normal state.经过了三个小时的努力工作，电能供给最终恢复了正常。3. Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme conditions.(P2) 但南极洲仍旧栖息着很多野生生物，它们已经适应了那里极其恶劣的条件。adapt to (使)适应；改编；改写Our bodies adapt to everything we do to them.我们的身体适应我们对它做的全部事情。adapt oneself to使自己适应adapt .from .从改编成adapt .for.才巴改编成It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings.他过了好一阵子才适应了新环境。Three of her novels have been adapted for TV series.她的长篇小说中有三部已被改编成电视剧。名师点津adopt与adapt形似，但adopt意为“接受，接受；收养"。4. Gases and minerals, in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lot about what the world's climate was like in past ages. (P2)以火山灰形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告知我们很多关于远古时期全球气候 的状况。trap v.储存，留存；使陷入逆境；诱骗n.陷阱；阴谋Please put on the woolen sweater, which can trap your body heat.诱使某人(做)某事 被困于设下圈套掉进陷阱做某事 落入圈套请穿上这件羊毛衫，它能保持你的体温。(1 )trap sb. into (doing) sth.be/get trapped in(2)set/lay a trapfall into the trap of doing sth.be caught in a trapThe police set a trap to catch the thieves.警察设了个圈套来抓小偷。In case of failure, they wilLbe trapped in danger.万一失败，他们将陷入危急之中。5 . But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the land in the north.(P3)但是两千多年以前，古希腊的地理学家就认为地球的南边存在一大块陆地与北边的陆地 保持平衡。massn. C团，堆，块；大量，众多adj.大量的，大规模的Then it cooled and turned into a solid mass.然后它冷却下来，变成一块固体。mass media/production群众媒体/大规模生产a mass of/masses of很多的，大量的the masses群众；群众The mass media now play an increasing role in shaping our opinions.现在，群众媒体在影响我们的观点方面起着越来越大的作用。©Setting to work, I buried myself under a mass of/masses of papers.我着手工作，埋头于一大堆文件之中。©Divided from the masses, you are sure to fail.脱离群众，你确定要失败。balance v.使平衡；权衡n.平衡；余额；天平，秤The government has to find some ways to balance these two needs.政府得找到某些方法来平衡这两种需求。You were working too hard. You'd better keep a balance between work and relaxation. 你工作太劳累了，你最好在工作和休闲之间保持平衡。(l)balance .against. balance .with .才巴与使与进行权衡,平衡(2)keep/lose/break the balance保持/失去/打破平衡on balance总的来说(3)balanced adj.平衡的You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages.你必需权衡住在大城市的利与弊。©Despite some failure, our firm has had quite a good year on balance.我们公司尽管存在某些缺乏之处，但总的来看这一年还是相当不错的。Many people have e to realize that they should keep a balanced (balance) diet.很多人开头熟悉到他们应当保持饮食均衡。6 . Not until the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctica Circle, but he never saw land.(P3)直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发觉任何陆地。该句是一个倒装句,正常语序为：The British explorer James Cook didn't cross the Antarctic Circle until the late 18th century, but he never saw land.Not until 4 o,clock in the afternoon will the plane take off.直到下午四点飞机才起飞。(l)until用于确定句时，表示主句的动作到until所表示的时间结束，所以主句的 谓语动词必需为连续性动词。until用于否认句时，意思是“直到才，即 表示主句的动作到until所表示的时间才开头，主句的谓语动词用短暂性动词。(2)假设将not until引导的从句置于句首，此时主句要用局部倒装。(3)not until 可用于强调句型,其构成为:It is/was not until . that 。We didn't realize the love we have for our families is important imtiLwe went thiough reaLhaidship.直到我们经受了真正的困难才意识到对家人的爱的重要性。Not until then didreally realize the value of friends.直到那时，我才真正意识到伴侣的重要性。It_was_not_untiLthe_teacher_came_in_that the students stopped talking.直至老师进晟同学而才停止版话。名师点津当含有否认或半否认意义的词或短语not, little, hardly, never, at no time, by no means, under no condition, in no case, nowhere, seldom, few等置于句首时，句子常用局部 倒装。Never have I heard a better voice than Frank's.我从没听过比弗兰克的声音更好的声音。7 . Then in 1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland.(P3)后来到了 1895年,一个叫卡斯滕博克格雷温克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。set foot on/in 进入,到达She said she would never set foot in that house again.她说她再也不会踏入那所房子了。on foot步行struggle to one's feet挣扎着站起来rise to one*s feet站起身stand on one's own feet;自主The wounded soldier struggled to his feet and moved slowly forward.这名受伤的战士挣扎着站起来，渐渐地向前移动。At the end of the concert, the audience rose to their feet to applaud and cheer.音乐会结束时，观众站起身鼓掌欢呼。Now that you have grown up, you must learn to stand on your own feet.你既然已经长大成人，就得学会生活。8 . In particular, it aims to keep Antarctica free from nuclear tests and radioactive waste; to promote international scientific projects; and to end arguments about who owns the land.(P3)该条约尤其致力于爱护南极洲不受核试验以及放射性废物的污染，推动国际科研工程, 并且终止那些关于这片土地全部权的争辩。promote v.促进，增进；宣扬，促销；提升写出以下句中promote的含义They took part in a campaign to promote awareness of environmental issues.增进The Backstreet Boys toured western Europe, promoting their new album. 宣扬，促销Her son has just been promoted, making her amused.promote sb. to promotion n.提升某人为提升，晋升©Because of performing well, he was promoted to a higher position. 由于表现优秀，他晋升到了一个更高的职位。If you are successful, you can expect promotion (promote).假如你胜利了，你可以期望得到晋升。演练 提熊当堂达标测试固基础课下过关检测提能力.单句语法填空1. His rapid promotion (promote) caused much bad feeling among his colleagues.2. A large reception was held in honor of some brave explorers (explore).3. She found it extremely (extreme) difficult to get a suitable job.4. To my joy, my daughter quickly adapted to_ the life in the new school and got on well with her classmates.5. . They declared their marriage in the form of an open letter in the newspaper.6. Is there anything in particular you'd like to share with us?7. The scientists plan to return to the same three spots annually (annual) for the next sixyears.8. I found an old man fell into a pool, but quickly he struggled to his feet.9. His mother is he is in a worried stage of mind.10. It is remended that children should be offered chances to be close to nature.11. A balanced (balance) diet and regular exercise are both important for your health.12. Trapped (trap) in loveless marriages, many women feel that life is colorless.13. With so many problems to solve (solve), the manager had a hard time.14. Our daughter is a great dancer, and she stands out above the rest in this petition.15. . The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took masses (mass) of pictures of them.II .完成句子1 .他们在庆祝儿子的生日，灯火通明。They were celebrating their son*s birthday, with all the lights on.2 . 一踏上这块奇妙的土地，我就被它的景色深深吸引住了。As soon as I set foot on the magic land, I was deeply impressed with its scenery.3 .这家工厂里的高烟囱状况特别糟糕，以致突然倒塌了。The high chimney in the factory was in such a bad state that it suddenly fell apart.4 .在住了半年后，这个年轻的工程而已经开头适应那坦的食物了。Having lived in America for half a year, the young engineer has adapted himselfLto the food there.5 .这个孩子骑在新自行车上不能保持平衡。The child couldn*t keep his balance on his new bicycle.川.一句多译1 .很多人申请了这份工作。A large number of people have applied for the job.(number)Masses of7A mass of people have applied for the job.(mass)2 .直到离开家他才开头意识到家对他来说是多么重要。He didn't begin to know how important the family was for him until he left his home.Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family was for him.It was not untiLhe left his home that he knew how important the family was for him.IV.课文缩写语法填空Antarctica, the coldest place on earth, is the fifth 1.largest (large) continent in the world. The conditions there are quite extreme with nearly no rainfall. 98% of the surface 2,is covered (cover) permanently by ice and strong winds 3.driven (drive) by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline. However, it is full 4.of wildlife like the famous penguins, 5.which can adapt to its hard conditions. The ice there 6.has bee (bee) a window on the past 7.with gases and minerals trapped in it. It was not until 1895 that the Norwegian explorer 8.called (call) Carstens Borchgrevink set foot 9.on the Antarctic mainland. In 1961, 12 countries signed a treaty to make 10.it the world's biggest nature reserve. Today scientists from all over the world go there to study its resources and to work together for progress and peace.n-%-on对应同学课下力量提升(二)I .依据提示写出单词的正确形式1. It is the custom of this academy to make an annual(每年的)award for outstanding researchers in chemistry.In face of failure, it is most important to keep up a good state(犬态)of mind.There has been below average rainfall(降雨量)this month.An apple falls down because of gravity(重力).The sky was full of dark masses(堆，块)of clouds.To live a long and healthy life, we must learn to have a balanced (balance) diet.7. He has thought of a good idea for the promotion (promote) of his products.8. Water was found at a depth (deep) of 30 metres.9. The mercial (merce) bank is willing to lend money to these customers.10. They are working under extreme (extremely) pressure at the moment.11. .选词填空in particular, keep .free from, be trapped in,set foot on,stand out, in a stateof, in the form of, adapt to1. Rescue team tried their best to save the miners who were trapped in the mine.2. After the accident, I was in a state of shock.3. . All the people in the country were filled with joy when their astronauts set foot on the moon.4. Most students have little diffi