英语四级考试：翻译攻略二.ppt

英语四级考试：翻译英语四级考试：翻译备考攻略（二）备考攻略（二）1.1.否定句否定句 部分否定句部分否定句部分否定句虽然是否定句的形式，但其部分否定句虽然是否定句的形式，但其否定意义只局限于整体的一部分。其形式为：否定意义只局限于整体的一部分。其形式为：概括词概括词all,both,every,everybody,everything,evall,both,every,everybody,everything,everywhere,always,altogether,entirelyerywhere,always,altogether,entirely和和whollywholly等。等。例：例：There is a famous proverb saying There is a famous proverb saying that_(that_(闪光的东西闪光的东西并非都是金子）并非都是金子）答案：答案：all all that glittersthat glitters is not gold is not gold(本题主要考察部分否定句。该谚语中，本题主要考察部分否定句。该谚语中，that glittersthat glitters是一个定语从句，修饰前面是一个定语从句，修饰前面的的all)all)完全否定句完全否定句完全否定句是针对部分否定句而言，这完全否定句是针对部分否定句而言，这种否定是种否定是彻底彻底的。其形式为：的。其形式为：no,noneno,none等等否定词否定词+肯定式谓语肯定式谓语，常见的可以用于这一，常见的可以用于这一句型的否定意义的词有：句型的否定意义的词有：no,none,nobody,nowhere,anyhow,nno,none,nobody,nowhere,anyhow,neither,nevereither,never等，在这一句型中，不定等，在这一句型中，不定代词不能做主语。还有一种形式为代词不能做主语。还有一种形式为allall等概等概括词括词+肯定式谓语肯定式谓语+含否定意义的词含否定意义的词。例：例：Cheap as it Cheap as it is,butis,but_(_(我今天无论如我今天无论如何都买不到何都买不到)答案：答案：anyhow I will not buy it anyhow I will not buy it todaytoday(本题主要考察完全否定句，本题主要考察完全否定句，anyhowanyhow意思意思是是“无论如何都不无论如何都不”)1.Dont you be told that 1.Dont you be told that _(_(这两本书并非都是有这两本书并非都是有益的益的)2._(2._(他的他的一切计划都泡汤了一切计划都泡汤了),so dont count on),so dont count on his fulfilling the task on time.his fulfilling the task on time.3.He is so 3.He is so excited_excited_(_(他此时此刻的心情是无法用语言来形容他此时此刻的心情是无法用语言来形容的的)答案：答案：1.both of the books are not helpful1.both of the books are not helpful2.All his plan came to nothing2.All his plan came to nothing3.that none of the words can 3.that none of the words can describe his feelingsdescribe his feelings双重否定句双重否定句 其形式一为：主语其形式一为：主语+cannot+help/refrain/keep+cannot+help/refrain/keep+fromfrom+动名动名词。词。Help from,refrain from,keep fromHelp from,refrain from,keep from等词具有等词具有“抑制，抑制，忍住忍住”等否定含义，与等否定含义，与cannotcannot等连用，具有双重否定的意义。等连用，具有双重否定的意义。例：例：Having won the gold medal,_(Having won the gold medal,_(他他禁不住喜形于色禁不住喜形于色)。答案：答案：he could not refrain from showing his he could not refrain from showing his pleasurepleasure.(本题考察双重否定句，本题考察双重否定句，refrain fromrefrain from的意思是的意思是“克制，避免克制，避免”)其形式二为：主语其形式二为：主语+cannot+butcannot+but/choose but/help but+/choose but/help but+动动词原形。词原形。例：例：_(_(我们别无选择只好另投旅馆我们别无选择只好另投旅馆住宿住宿)，since all the hotels here are with signs“Be since all the hotels here are with signs“Be Booked Up”.Booked Up”.答案：答案：We could not help but look for another one We could not help but look for another one to stay in.to stay in.(本题考察双重否定句，本题考察双重否定句，“cannot help butcannot help but”句型，注意句型，注意这里这里butbut后要用动词原形。后要用动词原形。)例：例：He is so devoted to his experiment He is so devoted to his experiment that_(that_(没有人感觉不到他没有人感觉不到他对事业的热爱对事业的热爱)。答案：答案：not a man/no man but felt his love not a man/no man but felt his love to his careerto his career(本题考察双重否定句型，本题考察双重否定句型，“no+no+主语主语+but+but+谓语谓语”，nono相当于相当于not a not a 或或 not any)not any)1._(1._(我们忍不住笑起来我们忍不住笑起来)when he finished the story.)when he finished the story.2._(2._(人们不能不被他的人们不能不被他的事迹所感动事迹所感动)after knowing the bachelor has)after knowing the bachelor has adopted five orphans.adopted five orphans.3.Dont always stick to routines,and 3.Dont always stick to routines,and you must know_(you must know_(没有无例外没有无例外的规则的规则)。答案：答案：1.We could not help laughing1.We could not help laughing2.One cannot but 2.One cannot but be movedbe moved by his deeds by his deeds3.there is no rule but has its exceptions3.there is no rule but has its exceptions2.2.判断句判断句强调判断句强调判断句 形式一：主语形式一：主语+be+no/none+otherbe+no/none+other than/but+than/but+表语（强调内容）表语（强调内容）例例:Plants which refine crude ores:Plants which refine crude ores areare_(_(通常不是设在开采矿石的通常不是设在开采矿石的国家，而是设在其他国家国家，而是设在其他国家)。答案：答案：often located in other countries often located in other countries other thanother than those in which the crude ores are those in which the crude ores are minded.minded.(本题考察强调判断句型本题考察强调判断句型“主语主语+be other+be other than”than”同时也考察了代词同时也考察了代词those those 指代前面出现过的复指代前面出现过的复数名词的用法，数名词的用法，those those 后接了一个定语从句后接了一个定语从句)形式二：主语形式二：主语+be+nothing+(elsebe+nothing+(else)but/else)but/else than/less than+than/less than+表语表语例：例：The rich The rich havehave their annoyances because their annoyances because _(_(有些人除了钱之外一无所有有些人除了钱之外一无所有)。答案：答案：someone has nothing but moneysomeone has nothing but money（本题考察强调判断句型（本题考察强调判断句型“主语主语+be+nothing+(elsebe+nothing+(else)but”,thebut”,the rich rich 意思意思是是“富人富人”，属于，属于“the+the+形容词形容词”表示一类人或物，表示一类人或物，表示一类人作主语时，谓语用复数，表示抽象事物时，表示一类人作主语时，谓语用复数，表示抽象事物时，谓语用单数。谓语用单数。形式三：形式三：It is/was+It is/was+强调部分强调部分+that/who+that/who+从从句句例：例：_(_(做那个实做那个实践的正是我父亲践的正是我父亲)in the lab yesterday.)in the lab yesterday.答案：答案：It was my father who did the It was my father who did the experiment.experiment.(本题考察强调判断句型本题考察强调判断句型,强调的是强调的是my my father,father,引导词用引导词用who)who)1.The tall figure that I 1.The tall figure that I saw_(saw_(不是别人，正是我们不是别人，正是我们的校长的校长)。2.To everyones 2.To everyones surprise,_(surprise,_(他只是一味的笑他只是一味的笑)。3._(3._(这正是我父亲这正是我父亲做的那个试验做的那个试验)in the lab yesterday.)in the lab yesterday.答案：答案：1.was none other than our president 1.was none other than our president 2.he did nothing else than laugh2.he did nothing else than laugh3.It was the experiment that my 3.It was the experiment that my father did father did（二）正反判断句（二）正反判断句 形式一形式一 ：主语：主语+be+not+be+not+表语表语A+but+A+but+表语表语B B例：例：There are different opinions about the true There are different opinions about the true meaning of life,but most people believe meaning of life,but most people believe that_(that_(生命并不一定要生命并不一定要漫长，但是要五彩缤纷漫长，但是要五彩缤纷)。答案：答案：life is not always long but it must life is not always long but it must be amazingbe amazing(本题考察正反判断句，注意本题考察正反判断句，注意butbut后如果是一个完整的句后如果是一个完整的句子，主语一定要和前面的保持一致子，主语一定要和前面的保持一致)形式二：（形式二：（It isIt is）not not that(whothat(who),but that),but that(who)(who)例：例：It is not that I dislike the It is not that I dislike the work,_(work,_(而是我没有时间而是我没有时间)答案：答案：but that I have no timebut that I have no time(本题考察正反判断句，注意本题考察正反判断句，注意“not that but not that but thatthat”中的两个中的两个that that 均不能省略均不能省略)1.I am badly 1.I am badly ill,_(ill,_(不是肉体上，不是肉体上，而是精神上而是精神上)。2.It is not heroes who create the 2.It is not heroes who create the people,but the people people,but the people _(_(创造英雄并推动历史创造英雄并推动历史向前向前)。3.It is a big joke that 3.It is a big joke that _(_(无论何时我听到无论何时我听到它都忍不住笑起来它都忍不住笑起来)。4.The man who stolen my watch was 4.The man who stolen my watch was _(_(不是别人，正是约翰不是别人，正是约翰)。答案：答案：1.not bodily,but mentally1.not bodily,but mentally2.who create heroes and move history 2.who create heroes and move history onwardonward3.I cant help laughing whenever I 3.I cant help laughing whenever I hear ithear it4.no other than John4.no other than John比较判断句比较判断句 形式一：主语形式一：主语+be+less/more+be+less/more+表语表语A+than+A+than+表语表语B B例：例：He does everything with great care but I think He does everything with great care but I think _(_(与其说他谨慎，不如说他是怯懦与其说他谨慎，不如说他是怯懦)。答案：答案：he is more poltroon than cautious.he is more poltroon than cautious.(本题考察比较判断句型本题考察比较判断句型“more than”more than”的用法，它的意思是的用法，它的意思是“与其说与其说不如说不如说”，moremore和和thanthan后接对称成分后接对称成分)形式二：主语形式二：主语+be+not so much+be+not so much+表语表语A+as+A+as+表语表语B B例：例：Judging from his words,we can know Judging from his words,we can know that_(that_(他不是生病，而是情绪低落他不是生病，而是情绪低落)。答案：答案：he isnt so much ill as depressed.he isnt so much ill as depressed.(本题考察比较判断句型本题考察比较判断句型 not so much as,not so much as,意思是意思是“不是不是而而是是”)”)形式三：主语形式三：主语+be+rather+be+rather表语表语A+than+A+than+表语表语B B例：例：He who can recite 500 He who can recite 500 poems_(poems_(与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。)答案：答案：is rather diligent than cleveris rather diligent than clever(本题考察比较判断句型本题考察比较判断句型“rather than”rather than”的用法，它的意思是的用法，它的意思是“与其说与其说不如说不如说”，和，和rather thanrather than后接对称成分后接对称成分)（四）倍数表示句型（四）倍数表示句型形式一：主语形式一：主语+be+be+倍数倍数+that of+that of+被比较对象被比较对象或或as+as+形容词形容词+as+as+被比较对象被比较对象例：例：By that time we By that time we shall_(shall_(生产的粮食将比生产的粮食将比20062006年增年增加了加了3 3倍倍)。答案：答案：produce four times as much produce four times as much grain as we did 2006grain as we did 2006(本题考察倍数表达法，倍数表达法要分清是原本题考察倍数表达法，倍数表达法要分清是原来的几倍，此题来的几倍，此题“增加了增加了3 3倍倍”即是原来的四倍，另即是原来的四倍，另外，外，asasasas中间要用形容词原型。中间要用形容词原型。)形式二：主语形式二：主语+increase/rise/+increase/rise/attain+(toattain+(to)倍数倍数+compared+compared with+with+被比较对象被比较对象例：例：The new The new buidingsbuidings area_(area_(将是旧楼将是旧楼的两倍的两倍)。答案：答案：will attain to 2 times of the old onewill attain to 2 times of the old one(本题考察倍数表达法，本题考察倍数表达法，ofof引出比较的对象，引出比较的对象，oneone指代前面出现指代前面出现过的过的buildingbuilding，翻译的时候要顾及到句子的前后，不要只看所要填，翻译的时候要顾及到句子的前后，不要只看所要填的部分的部分)。形式三：主语形式三：主语+increase+increase+（byby）百分数）百分数+compare with+compare with例：例：The output of June in our factory The output of June in our factory _(_(比比5 5月份的产量增加了月份的产量增加了150%)150%)答案：答案：increase by 150%compared with that of increase by 150%compared with that of MayMay(本题考察倍数表达法，句型本题考察倍数表达法，句型increase by compared increase by compared with,thatwith,that代指代指outputoutput，thatthat的这种用法在倍数表达句子中常用到。的这种用法在倍数表达句子中常用到。)1.One blind man says 1.One blind man says that_(that_(与其说大象像别的与其说大象像别的东西，不如说它像一根长矛。）东西，不如说它像一根长矛。）2.Scientists believe 2.Scientists believe that_(that_(与其说海洋分隔了与其说海洋分隔了世界，倒不如说海洋连接了各国。）世界，倒不如说海洋连接了各国。）3.Experience shows that success is 3.Experience shows that success is _(_(应更多的归功与热忱而非能力）应更多的归功与热忱而非能力）答案：答案：1.the elephant is more like a spear 1.the elephant is more like a spear than anything elsethan anything else2.Oceans dont so much divide the 2.Oceans dont so much divide the world as unite itworld as unite it3.due less to ability than to zeal3.due less to ability than to zeal 1.The average income of the staff has been 1.The average income of the staff has been _(_(与去年相比增加了与去年相比增加了50%)50%)2.The size of the newly broadened square 2.The size of the newly broadened square _(_(是以前的四倍大是以前的四倍大)3.After the new technique was introduced,the 3.After the new technique was introduced,the factory_(2000factory_(2000年能生产的卡车是往年的年能生产的卡车是往年的两倍两倍)答案：答案：1.increased by 50 percent compared 1.increased by 50 percent compared with last year with last year 2.is four times that of the 2.is four times that of the previous oneprevious one3.produced twice as many trucks 3.produced twice as many trucks in 2000 as the year beforein 2000 as the year before（五）倒装让步句型（五）倒装让步句型 形式一：表语形式一：表语+as+as+主语（代词）主语（代词）+系动词，系动词，+主句主句 例：例：_(_(尽管这些贵族们非常傲慢尽管这些贵族们非常傲慢)，theyareafraidtoseeyou.theyareafraidtoseeyou.答案：答案：ProudProudasthesenoblesareasthesenoblesare (本题考察倒装句，本题考察倒装句，asas引导的让步状语从句常倒装引导的让步状语从句常倒装，将表语，将表语提到句首，如果表语是可数名词，则其前面不加冠词提到句首，如果表语是可数名词，则其前面不加冠词)形式二：表语形式二：表语+系动词系动词+主语（名词），主语（名词），+主句主句 例：例：Nobodyknows_(Nobodyknows_(这就是这就是AlbertEinstein,AlbertEinstein,一位伟大的物理学家一位伟大的物理学家)答案：答案：suchisAlbertsuchisAlbertEinstein,aEinstein,agreatphysicistgreatphysicist (本题考察倒装句，表语本题考察倒装句，表语suchsuch提到了句首，后面的主句省略提到了句首，后面的主句省略了主谓语了主谓语)形式三：副词或动词原型形式三：副词或动词原型+as+as+主语主语，+主句主句 例：例：_(_(我们怎么尽力我们怎么尽力)，wecouldnotaccomplishitontime.wecouldnotaccomplishitontime.答案：答案：TryaswemightTryaswemight (本题考察倒装句，本题考察倒装句，asas引导的让步状语从句的引导的让步状语从句的谓语谓语提前，提前，句子倒装句子倒装)1._1._(_(尽管你读的快尽管你读的快)，wecouldnotaccomplishit.wecouldnotaccomplishit.2._(2._(尽管还是个孩子尽管还是个孩子)，heknowsmuchknowledgeofscieheknowsmuchknowledgeofscience.nce.3.Ifwewontagreetoyourp3.Ifwewontagreetoyourplan,_(lan,_(他们也不会同意他们也不会同意)。答案：答案：1.Fastasyouread 1.Fastasyouread 2.Childasheis 2.Childasheis 3.neitherwillthey3.neitherwillthey（六）（六）ItIt作形式主语时的常用句型作形式主语时的常用句型形式一：形式一：It is+It is+形容词形容词+that/+that/whwh-从句从句例：例：It is important_(It is important_(保持保持生态平衡生态平衡)。答案：答案：that we should keep the balance of that we should keep the balance of naturenature(本题考查本题考查It It 作形式主语时的用法，英语中的主语作形式主语时的用法，英语中的主语从句有时为了避免头重脚轻，常用从句有时为了避免头重脚轻，常用it it 作形式主语，而真作形式主语，而真正的主语用正的主语用thatthat引导放在后面引导放在后面)形式二：形式二：It+It+不及物动词不及物动词+that+that例：例：He has been here only three days andHe has been here only three days and_(_(由此可见他对那事一无由此可见他对那事一无所知所知)。答案：答案：it follows that he knows nothing about it follows that he knows nothing about thatthat(本题考查本题考查 It+It+不及物动词不及物动词+that+that结构，注意前后结构，注意前后句子时态的一致句子时态的一致)形式三：形式三：It+beIt+be+名词名词+that+that例：例：It is our wish It is our wish that_(that_(他爱怎么样就怎么样他爱怎么样就怎么样)答案：答案：he does what he pleaseshe does what he pleases(本题考查本题考查 ItIt作形式主语的同时，涉及了虚作形式主语的同时，涉及了虚拟语气的考查，在拟语气的考查，在it isit isourour wish/hope wish/hope that that 等结构中，从句子的谓语动词要用等结构中，从句子的谓语动词要用should+should+动词动词原形原形这样的虚拟语气这样的虚拟语气)形式四：形式四：It+be+done+thatIt+be+done+that例：例：It is said It is said that_(that_(宇宙形成于一次大宇宙形成于一次大爆炸以后爆炸以后)答案：答案：the universe formed after the universe formed after the Big Explodethe Big Explode(本题考查本题考查 ItIt作形式主语的用法，常用于作形式主语的用法，常用于It+be+done+thatIt+be+done+that，结构的动词有，结构的动词有report,report,announce,announce,常译为常译为“据说据说”，“据报道据报道”)1.He told us not to wait for him 1.He told us not to wait for him because_(because_(他是否来还不他是否来还不敢肯定敢肯定)。2.He has no intention of making 2.He has no intention of making progress so_(progress so_(你老是帮你老是帮助他是没有用的助他是没有用的)3.3.（后来证实）（后来证实）_she _she is a friend of my sister.is a friend of my sister.4.Nevertheless,_(4.Nevertheless,_(不不可否认的是可否认的是)，it canit canbring some side-bring some side-effectseffects答案：答案：1.it was uncertain whether he 1.it was uncertain whether he would comewould come2.it is no use that you always 2.it is no use that you always help himhelp him3.It turned out that3.It turned out that4.it cannot be denied that4.it cannot be denied that模拟演练：模拟演练：1.Sheneverlaughed,_(1.Sheneverlaughed,_(也从不发脾气也从不发脾气)。2.Allthekeywordsinthearticleareprintedinbold2.Allthekeywordsinthearticleareprintedinboldtypesoasto_(typesoasto_(吸引读者的注意力吸引读者的注意力)。3.Theroomisinaterrible3.Theroomisinaterriblemess,itmess,it_(肯定没打扫过肯定没打扫过)。4.4.（这个计划成功的关键）（这个计划成功的关键）_isgoodplanning._isgoodplanning.5.WhenI_(5.WhenI_(发现他骗我发现他骗我)Istoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwitha)Istoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.nothershop.答案：答案：1.1.nordidsheeverlosetemper/becomeangrynordidsheeverlosetemper/becomeangry (本题有两个考察点，第一，表示本题有两个考察点，第一，表示“两个都不两个都不”的否定词应该用的否定词应该用nornor，要，要把它置于句首句子要有倒装，第二，把它置于句首句子要有倒装，第二，“发脾气发脾气”的表达法：的表达法：losetemper/becomeangry)losetemper/becomeangry)2.2.draw/attractreadersattention draw/attractreadersattention(考察考察draw/attractreadersattention“draw/attractreadersattention“引起某人注意引起某人注意”，soastosoasto后接后接dodosthsth.).)3.3.canthavebeencleanedcanthavebeencleaned (“(“情态动词情态动词+havedone”+havedone”表示推测，表示推测，cantcant表示不可能，如考试大推表示不可能，如考试大推测的事为过去式，则情态动词后用完成式测的事为过去式，则情态动词后用完成式)4.4.ThekeytothesuccessofthisprojectThekeytothesuccessofthisproject (key(key在这里解答、关键，其后一般接介词在这里解答、关键，其后一般接介词to)to)5.5.found/caughthimcheatingmefound/caughthimcheatingme