中考英语语法复习讲义比较级和最高级.docx

比较级和最高级讲解和练习 形容词和副词的比较等级变化规则大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 原级、比较级、最高级形容词或副词比较级最高级构成规则构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和部分双音节词一般+er，+esthightallfewhighertallerfewerhighesttallestfewest以e字母结尾的+r，+stfinelatefinerlaterfinestlatest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再+ er，+estbigfathotthinbiggerfatterhotterthinnerbiggestfattesthottestthinnest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，变y为i+er，+esteasyearlyhappyeasierearlierhappiereasiestearliesthappiest多音节词和部分双音节词比较级在词前加more，最高级加mostbeautifulinterestingdangerousmore beautifulmore interestingmore dangerousmost beautifulmost interestingmost dangerous形容词、副词比较级和最高级不规则变化P. 114,其巧记如下：“合二为一共三对”“坏、病”  “两多”并 两好原级意思比较级最高级badbadlyill坏的（地），糟糕的（地）；生病的（地）worseworstmanymuch许多moremostgoodwell好的（地）betterbest“一分为二有两个”一是远来二是老far远的（地）fartherfarthest(距离远）furtherfurthest（程度深）old老的olderoldest（年龄）eldereldest（长幼）“还有一词有双意”只记少来不记小little少的lessleast小的作“小的”讲无比较级和最高级注意 1 加more/most 的情况：.部分双音节和多音节词；.-ed/ing结尾的词；adj+lyadv.2 双写的词：一个大热天，一个胖子和一个瘦子穿着红衣服，汗湿了，很伤心。 big hot fat thin red wet sad形容词与副词的比较级与最高级用法口诀：没有比较用原级，两者相比比较级；三者以上最高级，见到as用原级。1、两者之间的比较，常用比较级 结构为A+be +adj.比较级+than B A+have/has +adj.比较级+n.+than B A+do +adv.比较级+than B Eg: His room is bigger than mine. 他的房间比我的房间大。She is younger than my sister. 她比我妹妹年轻。注意：比较的对象要同类：Her hair is longer than yours.(your hair) Eg: I am a little heavier than him.2.三者或三者以上的比较，用最高级 Eg: It is the largest island in Europe. 它是欧洲最大的岛。 The Yangtze is the biggest river in our country. 长江是我国最大的河流。 It was the cheapest hotel we could find. 这是我们能找到的最便宜的旅馆。3. 表示两者在某一方面相同时，用句型 “as +形容词/副词的原级+as”Eg:I think science is as important as math. Tom runs as fast as Jack.4.表示一方在某一方面不及另一方时，用句型“not as +形容词或副词的原级+as”或“not so +形容词或副词的原级+as”Eg: It is not so cold as yesterday Jack is not as old as Tom或者用“less+原级+than”(此处形容词和副词是双音节或多音节词)Eg: She is less healthy than him.比较级的特殊句式： 1. “比较级  and + 比较级”或“more and more / less and less + 原级”结构表示“越来越”的意思，与这类结构搭配的常用动词有grow, get, become等。 More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language She felt herself becoming more and more tired.   As the winter is near, it's getting colder and colder. 2. “the + 比较级, the + 比较级”，表示“越，越”。   The more magazines you sell, the more money you will get.  The more books you read, the better grades you will get.  The more food you eat, the fatter you are.  3. the + 比较级 + of the two + 名词。   Jane is the taller of the two children in our family.  4. “否定 + 比较级” 相当于最高级。  Lets go out to play, OK?    I couldn't agree more. The idea sounds great to me. 5. 倍数表示法：times as + 形容词原级 + as；   times + 形容词比较级 + than；times the + 性质名词 + of。 The dining hall is three times as large as that one.   The dining hall is three times larger than that one.   The dining hall is three times the size of that one. 6.A比B多/少/大/长/宽/高/深/远多少 Im 2 years older than my brother, But he is 3 cm taller than me.7.在形容词和副词的比较级前，有时可以用much, a lot, far ,even, a little, 等词来修饰最高级特殊用法：（1）最高级基本句型结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + the + adj./adv.(最) + of/among、in （注意： of/among+ (同类比较对象)， in+范围 (表示同一范围比较)（2） 形容词的最高级前必须加the；副词的最高级前可省略the。如：Tara is the youngest of all. Linda draws (the) most carefully in her class. Which / Who +the + 最高级, A, B or C ? e.g. Which do you like (the) best, apples, pears or oranges?最高级前有其它的限定词时（如：ones），则不加“the”： my best friend（3）.“最.之一”: （3）one of +the +最高级（形）+名（复）： e.g. Beijing is one of the biggest cities in the world.北京市世界上最大的城市之一。Jack Chen is one of the most famous actors in the world.（4）the + 序数词+最高级（形）+名（单）：e.g. Hainan is the second largest island in China.I think he is the second tallest boy in his class.我认为他是他们班里第二高的男孩。4）. 表示“最高程度”的形容词，如 excellent，extreme，perfect，favorite等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。原级、比较级、最高级的相互转换（1）原级与比较级的转换：比较级+than not.as/so.as.e.g. He speaks more loudly than me. I dont speak as/so loudly as he/him.（2）比较级与最高级的转换： the other +名（复） （在范围之内） the+最高级 比较级+than+ any other+名（单）e.g. Jim is the tallest student in our class.Jim is taller than any other student in our class.Jim is taller than the other students in our class.Jim is taller than anyone else in our class. 形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式专项练习题写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式： long_ _ wide _ _ fat _ _ heavy_ _slow _ _ few_ _ brightly_ -_ badly _ _ far_ _ quickly _ _ happy_ -_ shy_ 用所给词的正确形式填空： 1 Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _ (clever). 2.Gold(黄金) is _ (little) useful than iron(铁). 3. My sister is two years _ (old ) than I. 4Johns parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young) child. 5. The _ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones. 6. The short one is by far _ expensive of the five. 7. The boy is not so _ (interesting) as his brother. 8. Dick sings _ (well), she sings _(well) than John, but Mary sings _(well) in her class. 9 She will be much _ (happy) in her mew house. 10. This dress is _ that.(twice, asas, expensive)11. She is two years _ than me. Shes the _ girl in our class. (young)12. Bill is _ than Tom. Hes the _ brother in our family. (old)13. John is the _ boy in the class. (clever)14. Her bicycle is _ than mine. (good)15. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _ (clever).  16. Gold(黄金) is _ (little) useful than iron(铁).  17. My sister is two years _ (old ) than I.  18. Tokyo is _ from Beijing than from Shanghai. (far)19. It is _ in Hong Kong than in Kunming. (hot)20.He is _ among us. (careful)单项选择题1. She is _ than _ . A. busier / us B. busier / we C. more busy / us D. more busy / we 2. Jane is _ than Betty. A. less taller B. less tallest C. less tall D. not as tall 3. China is _ country in the world. A. the third largest B. the largest third C. the third large D. a third largest 4. Which is _ season in Beijing? I think it's autumn. A. good B. better C. best D. the best 5. Which is_ , the sun, the moon or the earth? Of course, the moon is. A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest 6.The air in Beijing is getting much _ now than a few years ago. A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest 7. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _ than before. A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest 8.I study English as _ as my brother. A. hard B. harder C. hardest 9. The Yellow River is one of _rivers in China. A long B longer C the longest10. Tom is _ of the two boys. A. taller B. tallest C. the taller D. the tallest11. Of my parents, my father looks_. A.old B. older C. the oldest D. the older12He feels _ today than yesterday. A.tired B.more tired C.more tireder D.much tired 13.Which do you like _,coffee,tea or milk? A.the worst B.worse C.the worse D.worst 14.The line is _ than that one. A.more longer B.not longer C.much more longer D.many more longer 15.The earth is _ the moon. A.as 49 times big as  B.49 times as bigger as C.49 times as big as  D.as big as 49 times 16.The book is _ of the two. A.thinner B.the thinner C.more thinner D.the thinnest 17.She looks _ than she does.A.the more older B.very older C.much older D.more older 18The garden is becoming _. A.more beautiful and more B.more beautiful and beautiful  C.more and more beautiful D.more beautiful and beautifuler 19._ hurry,_speed. A.More,less B.Much,little C.The more,the less D.The much,the little 20.Tom is cleverer than his brother, but he is_. A. hard-working B. more hard-working C .less hard-working D. much hard-working r形容词、副词比较级与最高级练习一用所给词的适当形式填空1.Mr Smith thought the Century Park was the second_ _(large)in Shanghai.2.Which is_ _(easy)to learn, fishing or swimming?3.Shanghai is larger than _ _ city in Sichuan.4.In Changchun, the Jing Yue Forest Park is much_ (clean)than that in the center of the city.5.It makes_ (little)time to go to Beijing by plane than by train6.Mum,this T-shirt is much too small for me. Would you buy me a_ _(large)one?7.Xi'an is one of _(old)capital cities in China.8._ _(few)children there are in a family,_ (good)their life will be.9.It will be bad for your health to eat _ (much)food and take _ (little)exercise.10.Now China has joined WTO, so I think English is_ (useful)than before.11.Of all his subjects, Tom is_ (good)at English.12.-Who is_ (interested)in Chinese in your class at the moment?13.Book II is _ (different)than Book IV.14.The Great Wall of China is one of _ (great)wonders in the world15.She is becoming _ (beautiful)than before.16.The weather in Fujian is better than _ in Wuhan.17.The texts in Book II are much easier than _ in Book IV.18.The weather is getting _ and _ (cold).19.The_ _ (much),the_ (good).20.The_ (much)you pratice, the_ (easy)it becomes.21.My brother is two years_ (old)than me.22.Tom is _ (fat) than Jim.23.Is your sister_ (young)than you? Yes, she is.24.Who is_ (thin)you or Helen? Helen is.25.Whose pencil-box is _ (big), yours or hers? Hers is.26.Mary's hair is long, but Lily's are_ .27.Ben jumps_ (high) than some of the boys in his class.28. _Nancy sing _ (nice) than Helen? Yes, she is. .29.Fangfang is not _ (tall)than the other girls.30.My eyes are _ (big) than_ (she).31.Which is_ (heavy), the elephant or the pig?32.Who gets up _ (early), Tim or Tom?33. _ the girls get up_ (early)than the boys? No, they don't.34.The red car is slow ,but the blue one_ (slow).35.The gold is _ (hard) than the iron.36. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _ (clever)37. Gold is _ (little) useful than iron. 38. Johns parents have four daughters, and she is _ (young) child.39. The_ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones.40. The short one is by far _ (expensive) of the five.41. The boy is not so _ (interesting) as his brother.42. Dick sings _ (well), she sings _ (well) than John. But Mary sings _ (well) in her class43. She will be much _ (happy) in her new house.44. Sue is a little _ (beautiful) than her sister.45. How difficult is physics? Im not sure.Is it _ (difficult) than maths? I dont think so.46. The Changjiang River is _ (long) in China.47. He is one of the _ (friendly) people in the class, I think.48. He is _ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _ (bad) at English.49. Annie says Mary is the _ (kind) person in the world.50. Almost all the students faces are all the same. But Li Ming looks _ (fat) than before after the summer holiday.51. _ (soon), _ (good). 52. The child doesnt _ (write) as _ (fast) as the students.53. Look, Jane is jumping _ (high) than Mike.54. The film is the _ (horrible) film of all.55. Ths U.S.A is one of _ (rich) countries in the world.四 翻译句子1. 谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。_ apples _ _ , your _ or your _ ?My _ _.2. 你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。_ _ as _ as your uncle? Yes, I am.3. 他和他的朋友Jim 一样年轻。He _ as _ as _ _ Jim.4. 她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。_ _ as _ as _ twin _ ?No, _ _ than him.5. Yang Ling 每天睡觉得比Su Yang 晚。Yang Ling _ to _ _ than Su Yang every day.6. 我跳得和Mike一样远。I _ as _ as Mike.7. Tom 比你跑得快吗？不是的，他和我跑得一样快。_ Tom _ _ than you? No, he _. He _ as _ as _.8.多做运动，你会更强壮。_ more exercise, you will _ _ soon.9. 我的科学很好，但是语文不好。I _ _ at Science. But I dont _ well in Chinese.10. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。_ you _ the kite _ than Wang Bing? No, I _ it _ than_.11.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。I like _. All my _ _ _ than me.12. 女孩比男孩唱得好吗？ 是的。_ the girls _ _ _ the boys? Yes, they _ .13. 你的足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。_ you _ football _ than your classmates? No，they _ as _ as me.14. 我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My _ _ _ than my _ . 15. Lily 比她班上的任何一个女孩都要高。Lily is _ than _ _ girl in her class.Lily is _ _ in her class.16. 这个苹果太小了，给我一个大点了。This apple is too _, please give me _ _ _.17. 这座桥的宽度是那座的三倍。This bridge is _ _ as _ as that one.This brideg is _ _ _ than that one.This bridge is _ _ the _ _ _ that one.18. 哪个更贵，自行车还是电脑？Which is _ _, bike or computer?19. 我学英语和我的哥哥一样努力。I study English _ _ _ my brother.20. 在北京什么季节最好？Which is _ _ season in Beijing?I think it is autumn.21. 中国是世界第三大国家。China is _ _ _ country in the world.22. 谁比David更强壮？是John._ _ than David? John_.23. 我有的书要比你的要多得多。I have _ _ books than _ _. My books _ _ _ than _ .24. 她比她的姐姐要安静一点。She is _ _ _ than her sister.25. 他甚至比他的哥哥还高。He is _ _ than his brother. 26. 我们的祖变得越来越强大。Our country becomes _ _ _ _.27. 你越努力，你的成绩就越好。_ _ you work, _ _ your results _. 28. 你运动做得越多，你就越健康。_ _ you exercise, _ _ you _. 29. 他的成绩不如你的好。His results are _ _ _ _ yours.30. 你比她的苹果多。You have _ _ than _ _. 31. 现在的教科书越来越难了。The textbooks are _ _ _ _ now.32. 吃得越少，变得越瘦。_ _ you eat, _ _ you are.33. 这本书和那本一样难，但是比那本要贵。This book is _ _ _ that one, but _ _ than that one.34. 非洲是第二大州。Africa is _ _ _ continent.35. 妈妈是家庭中最忙碌的。Mother is _ _ in my family.36. 别担心，你的妈妈会变得越来越好的。_ _。 Your mother will get _ _ _ .37. 李雷是我们班级里写得最认真的了。Lilei writes _ _ of all the students in our class.38. 在他的办公室他是最富有的了。He is _ _ in his office.39. 他没有王小姐