中考英语语法复习现在完成时.docx

现在完成时现在完成时用来表示在说话之前已经发生或完成的动作或已经存在的状态，其结果造成的影响现在还存在；也可以表示持续到现在的动作或状态。它由“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词”构成1 现在完成时中助动词have/has的用法当主语是第三人称单数时，助动词用has，其他情况则用haveOur country has developed rapidlyMy granny has lived in Beijing for more than forty yearsI have never been to the Great Wall You have been in New York for a long time 2动词的过去分词规则动词的过去分词和动词的过去式的构成相同（即在动词原形后面加ed或d);不规则动词的过去分词的构成比较复杂，具体请看教材附录“不规则动词表”3基本句式（1） 现在完成时的肯定句句型：主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他My uncle has worked in Beijing for more than twenty yearsI have just called you （2） 现在完成时的否定句句型：主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+其他She hasnt seen Love Me Once More,Mom They havnt been to Diaoyu Castle （3） 现在完成时的一般疑问句句型：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？Have you found him yet?Yes,I have Has Peter cooked at home?No,he hasnt Have the twins arrived in Fujian?Yes,they have （4） 现在完成时的特殊疑问句句型：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？What has he seen？Who has worked here for ten years ? 4基本用法（1） 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，常与already，never，ever，just,yet,recently等时间状语连用表示 过去的动作刚刚结束，常与just,already,yet,not.yet连用Michael has just come back from France I have already seen him They have lost the game(虽然比赛是过去某时进行的，但强调现在的结果是输了）He has bought the computer(强调他已经拥有那台电脑）表示过去动作的结果对现在仍有影响，通常不与时间状语连用（2） 表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。For和since是常用的两个引导时间的词，句中的谓语动词常用延续性动词。For用来说明动作延续的时间长度；since用来说明动作的起始时间，表示从那一刻到说话时为止，它在句中既可以作连词引导状语从句，也可以作介词构成介词短语，本身还可以作副词直接修饰谓语动词。for+一段时间He has been back for two hours since+过去时间点Mr.Smith has worked here since 1984since+一段时间+ago He has lived here since six years agosince+从句Great changes have taken place in China since you left It is +一段时间+since+从句It is two years since she jointed the army 5注意事项Have/has been to与have/has gone to的区别Have/has been to+某地，表示“曾经到过某地”（说话时已经回来了），可以和once（一次，曾经），twice（两次），ever（曾经）等连用Where have you been?I have been to BeijingHave/has gone to+某地，表示“已经去了某地”（说话时某人已离开说话的地点，在去某地的路途上或已在某地），所以一般此句型只用于第三人称，并且不能与once,twice,ever等连用Where has Jane gone?She has gone to Beijing 温馨提示Already与yet的使用情况1共同点：already与yet都可以用于疑问句中，表示“已经”Has she typed your letter already?Have you passed your English exam yet?2区别：already表示“已经”，常用于肯定句中；yet表示“还，仍然”，常用于否定句中China has already carried out the one-child policy to control Maira has not found a job yet 现在完成时句子中也可以使用瞬间性动词（又称终止性动词），但由于无法表示持续状态，因此不能与for或since等表示一段时间的状语连用组成完成时结构My pet rabbit has died for two days ×My pet rabbit has been dead for two days巧思妙记巧记常见的几个飞延续性动词歌诀“开始离去借来还，出生入死买到家”“开始离去借来还”是指begin,leave,borrow,come,return六个瞬间性动词；“出生入死买到家”是指join,die,buy,arrive四个瞬间性动词。在现在完成时中，瞬间性动词需改为相应的表示延续意义的动词或词组才可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用beginbe on leavebe away from gobe off borrowkeep comebe here returnbe back joinbe in diebe dead buyhave arrivebe here 另外还有：marrybe married get to knowknow catch a coldhave a cold closebe closed fall illbe ill 典例品味1 Look!The light is still on in our teachers office Probably she_her work yet A doesnt finish B didnt finish C hasnt finished D wont finish 2Is that Mr. Green speaking?Sorry,he isnt in. He _abroad on business since last weekA go B went C will go D has gone 3Why did you buy so many flowers?Because today is a special day. My parents_for 20years A married B got married C have been marrried D have married 4 The hotel_a lot of complains because of the terrible service since last year A are receiving B have received C has received D received 5 Little Tom_his home for more than ten yearsA leaves B left from C will leave D has been away from 专项训练1 Is Lucy at home?No,she_the post office. She_there an hour agoA has gone to,went B has gone to,has been C has been to,went D has been to,has gone 2Long time no see! I think you_a lot Yes. I used to be quiet,but now Im outgoing A will change B were changing C are changed D have changed 3 Hi,guys. Where are you going now?Home. We_all our money,so we have to walk home nowA spend B spent C have spent D are spending 4Do you know the man over there?Yes. I_him several times since last monthA see B saw C have seen D had seen5Is Tom at home?No,he_to townA has been B has gone C goes D will go6 Julies father_to London last month. He_there three timesA went,had gone B has gone,has been C went,has been D has been,had gone 7 I_Mr. Smith since he moved to ShanghaiA didnt hear from B dont hear from C wont hear from D havent heard from 学科网（北京）股份有限公司