中考英语专题复习之状语从句课件.pptx
-状状语语从从句句状语从句概念状语从句概念PART 1状语从句状语从句种类种类PART 2状语从句状语从句引导词引导词PART 3状语从句综合大练兵状语从句综合大练兵PART 4什么是状语?什么是从句?什么是状语从句?状状语是用来修是用来修饰动词,形容形容词,副,副词或或句子句子的一种的一种句子句子成分。成分。从句是复句中具有从句是复句中具有分属分属地位地位的分句,的分句,不能不能单独独成句,但具有成句,但具有主主语部分部分和和谓语部分。部分。当当充当状充当状语的的部分是一个句子部分是一个句子时,也就是状,也就是状语从句。从句。时间010203050708090406地点原因结果条件让步比较方式目的时间时间时间时间状状状状语语语语从句从句从句从句When he saw his friends,he couldnt stop laughing.如果我们用一个从句来表达如果我们用一个从句来表达一件事情或一个行为发一件事情或一个行为发生的时间生的时间,那么这个从句就叫时间状语从句。,那么这个从句就叫时间状语从句。找出找出时间状状语从句从句我们发现:时间状语从句中存在着引导词。YoumustbecarefulwhenyouarecrossingtheroadYoumustbecarefulwhenyouarecrossingtheroad.TheThebossbossaskedaskedthethesecretarysecretaryto tohurryhurryup upwithwiththetheletterslettersso sothatthathe hecouldcouldsignthem.signthem.TheTheoldoldmanmanalwaysalwaysenjoysenjoysswimmingswimmingeveneventhoughthoughthetheweatherweatheris isbad.bad.TheThechildrenchildrenranranawayawayfromfromthethegardengarden,thethemomentmomenttheytheysawsawthetheguard.guard.时间状语从句时间状语从句3.13.1whenWhen you are crossing the street,you must be careful.I feel very happy when you come to see me.同时发生先后发生(1)when 意为“当时”,引导的时间状语从句表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。I will visit my good friend when I arrive.whenSomeone knocked at the door when I was sleeping.短暂性动词延续性动词(2)when 引导的时间状语从句中,可以用延续性动词,也可以用短暂性动词。whileHe rushed in while they were discussing problems.3.2 while 意为“当”时引导的时间状语从句表示主从句的动作在同一时期发生,常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。I like dancing,while my father likes singing.while注意:while 也可以作并列连词,表转折的关系,相当于but,译为“然而”。as的用法的用法asIts getting colder and colder as the winter comes.动作同时发生动作同时发生 as 表示“当时”、“一边一边”,强调主语的动作与从句的动作同时发生。w hen/w hile/as 区区别别when 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的。when(1)谓语动词必须是延续性的(2)主句和从句的动作同时发生 (或者相对应)(3)有时还可以表示对比。whilewhenwhileas 一般强调动作的同时发生,解释为“一边一边”as as Letspractice【when/while】1.IwaswatchingTV_mybrotherwaswritinganemailathomeatthistimelastnight.AassoonasBafterCwhenDwhile2.Iwascooking_Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.AassoonasBwhenCuntilDwhile3.Rosewasdoingherhomework_thebellrang.AassoonasBwhenCuntilDwhile beforeBefore climbed the mountain,we drank some milk.Before climbed the mountain,we drank some milk.从句主句后前 before引导的时间状语从句,常译为“在之前“,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。后afterAfter living in Paris for thirty years,he returned After living in Paris for thirty years,he returned to the small town.to the small town.从句主句前 after引导的时间状语从句,常译为“在之后”,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。Lets practice 【after/before】1.Laurawenttoschoolbybike_shehadbreakfastathome.AwhenBafterCbeforeDwhile2.Pleasetakethemedicine_yougotobed.AwhenBafterCbeforeDwhile3.Weshouldwashourhands_wehavemeals.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.sinceHe didnt go to sleep until it was twelve o clock.He slept till/until it was nine next day.till/until1.肯定时,用till/until,表示一个动作一直持续到某一个时刻。“直到直到”2.否定时,只能用until。即 notuntil “直到才”Lets practice 【till/until】1.Daledidntgotobed_hefinishedhishomeworklastnight.AbeforeBtillCafterDuntil2.Iwillwaitforhimhere_hecomesback.AbeforeBtillCafterDwhensince1.I havent heard from Jenny _ she left Happy Middle School.havent heard fromsince2.Long time no see!Oh!It _ five years since we met last time.sincehas beensincesince 意为意为“自从。自从。”,表,表示主句的动作从过去某个时间开示主句的动作从过去某个时间开始一直延续到现在,所以始一直延续到现在,所以主句必主句必须用现在完成时,须用现在完成时,sincesince从句用从句用一般过去时一般过去时。时间状语从句一般用时间状语从句一般用whenwhen提提问,但是问,但是sincesince用用how longhow longas soon as1.Iwillcallyou_IgettoBeijing.A.beforeB.whileC.sinceD.assoonas2.IwilldosomecleaningassoonasI_myhomework.A.finishBwillfinishC.hasfinishedD.finishedas soon as as soon as 意为意为“一一就就”,表示,表示从句的动作一发生,从句的动作一发生,主句的动作马上就生。主句的动作马上就生。相当于相当于as soon as as soon as 用法的词或短语还有:用法的词或短语还有:immediately,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the instantdirectly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the instant等等.时态3、Wewillgooutforawalkwhentheweatherisfine.2、Whenhegavemeapresent,Ithankedhim.1、IalwaysdrinkcoffeewhenIwork.主现从不限主过从过主将从现Lets practice 【as soon as/when/until】遵循遵循主将从现主将从现1.AuntLucywilltellussomethingabouthertriptoAustraliawhenshe_back.A.cameB.comesC.wouldcomeD.willcome2.Theywontgohomeuntilthey_theirwork.A.finishB.willfinishC.finishesD.hasfinished3.Wewillhavethepartyiftheweather_fine.A.willbeB.isC.areD.was原因状语从句原因状语从句复合句中表示动作发生原因的句子即为原因状语从句Hedidntcometoschoolbecausehewasill.Asitisraining,weshallnotgotothezoo.Sinceyoucantanswerthequestion,Illasksomeoneelse.连接词连接词语气语气位置位置(主句前(主句前/后)后)意义意义because最强前或后“原因”;表客观因果关系。as较强前“由于”;把众人所知的事实当作理由。since较弱前“既然”;就对方陈述的事实作为理由。Why are you late again?Because there is something wrong with my bike.becausebecause常回答常回答whywhy引导的疑问句,从句一般位于主句后;引导的疑问句,从句一般位于主句后;whywhy引导的问句引导的问句,从句一般位于主句前。,从句一般位于主句前。becausebecause和和so so不能同在不能同在一个句子中。一个句子中。BecauseBecauseIwasafraid,Ididntgothere.Iwasafraid,Ididntgothere.BecauseBecauseIwasafraid,Iwasafraid,sosoIdidntgothere.Ididntgothere.becausebecause和和becauseofbecauseof也有明显区别也有明显区别。BecauseBecause后面后面要跟要跟从句从句,而而 becauseofbecauseof后面后面跟跟名词名词短语短语HeislateforschoolHeislateforschoolbecauseitrainsheavily.becauseitrainsheavily.HeislateforschoolHeislateforschoolbecauseoftheheavyrainbecauseoftheheavyrain.1.Idancedinfrontofthepeople_Ilikedit.2._hewasnotwell,Idecidedtogowithouthim.3._everybodyknowsaboutit,Idontwanttotalkanymore.becausebecauseAsAsSinceSinceLets practice【because/since/as】条件状语从句条件状语从句 复合句中表示主句动作发生条件的句子即为条件状语从句.1.2.3.条件状语从句分为“真实条件句”和“非真实条件句”.初中阶段我们主要学习“真实条件句”的用法.if.if条件状条件状语从句的引从句的引导词如果,假如unless除非,如果不unless=ifnotunless=ifnot注意:当某种条件引起的注意:当某种条件引起的注意:当某种条件引起的注意:当某种条件引起的结结果是一种情果是一种情果是一种情果是一种情绪绪或想法或想法或想法或想法时时,不能用,不能用,不能用,不能用unless,unless,只能用只能用只能用只能用 ifnotifnoteg:IfIwasnotinvitedtotheparty,Iwillbeveryangry.“主将从现”:条件状语从句要用一般现在时态表示将来的动作。If it doesnt rain tomorrow,well go to the park.如果明天不下雨的话,我们就去公园。(从现)(主将)条件状语从句的时态条件状语从句的时态易易错点点1“主情从现”:条件状语从句中的主句可能是情态动词(can,may,might,must,should)+动词原形的形式。If you want to pass the exam,you must study hard.如果你想考试及格,你就必须努力学习。(从现)(主情)条件状语从句的时态条件状语从句的时态易易错点点1“主祈从现”:条件状语从句中的主句可能是祈使句。If you see him,please give him this note.如果你看见他,把这个纸条给他。(从现)(主祈)条件状语从句的时态条件状语从句的时态易易错点点1如果如果是否是否引导条件状语从句。引导条件状语从句。引导宾语从句。引导宾语从句。遵循遵循“主将从现主将从现”“”“主情从现主情从现”“主祈从现主祈从现”原则。原则。无此用法。无此用法。Ifyouwantstoseehim,youcantellhimtowait.如果你想见他的话,叫他等好了。如果你想见他的话,叫他等好了。IwonderifIshouldwearahat.我不知道是否应该戴帽子我不知道是否应该戴帽子。i if f 的用法对比易易错点点2【典例典例1 1】用动词的正确形式填空。用动词的正确形式填空。1.Ifshe_(be)kindtome,I_(notargue)withher.2.Iwanttoknowifhe_(come)tomorrow,ifhe_(come),I_(give)themassagetohim.is is is iswontarguewontarguewontarguewontarguewillcomewillcomewillcomewillcomecomescomescomescomeswillgivewillgivewillgivewillgive条件状条件状语从句典型例从句典型例题让步状语从句让步状语从句让步状步状语从句表示即便出从句表示即便出现从句中的情况,主句从句中的情况,主句动作仍然作仍然会会发生生,“有退一步有退一步说”的意思.Iwilltryit,althoughalthoughImayfail.ThoughThoughhedidnothavemuchmoney,hewasstillhappy.这两个连词意思大致相同,在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中,though较常使用,although比though正式,二者都可与yet,still连用,但不能与but连用。though,although表示表示“虽然;尽管;即使然;尽管;即使”之意之意.结果状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句用来补充说明主句动作发生所带来的结果Theboyissosoyoungthatthathecannotgotoschool.ItissuchsuchniceweatherthatthatIwouldliketogotothepark.1.结果结果状语从句常由状语从句常由sothat或或suchthat引导引导.2.掌握掌握这两个句型,首先要了解这两个句型,首先要了解so和和such与其后的词的搭配规律与其后的词的搭配规律。3.such是是形容词,后面形容词,后面+名词名词或名词词组或名词词组.4.so是副词,后面是副词,后面+形容词形容词或副词或副词.5.so还可与表示数量的形容词还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little连用连用,形成,形成固定搭配。固定搭配。在否定句在否定句在否定句在否定句结结构中构中构中构中sothatsothat可以用可以用可以用可以用 toototooto 或或或或 benotenoughtodobenotenoughtodo替替替替换换在肯定句在肯定句在肯定句在肯定句结结构中构中构中构中sothatsothat可以用可以用可以用可以用 bebeenoughtodoenoughtodo替替替替换换It was so cold outside that we had to stop the game.1)so+adj+that从句从句Tom ran so fast that he won first place.2 2)so+adv+that)so+adv+that从句从句There was so much work to do that he got tired.3 3)so+many/much/few/little()so+many/much/few/little(少少)+)+名词名词+that+that从句从句It was such a cold day that we had to stop the game.4 4)such+a+)such+a+形容形容词+名词名词+that+that从句从句1.1.s sothatothat可以用在可以用在单数可数名数可数名词前前He is soso handsome a boy thatthat everyone likes him.He is suchsuch a handsome boy thatthat everyone likes him.2.2.soso+形容形容形容形容词词+a a+名名名名词词+thatthat=suchsuch+a a+形容形容形容形容词词+名名名名词词+thatthat1.Theboyis_youngthathecantgotoschool.2.Hetoldus_afunnystorythatwealllau-ghed.3.Hehas_fewbookstoreadthathehastoborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary.4.Itis_atallbuildingthatIcantseeitstop.suchsuchsuchso目的状语从句目的状语从句 目的状语从句目的状语从句用来说明主句动用来说明主句动作发生的目的作发生的目的 Say it louder so thatso thateveryone can hear you.We will come at eight in order in order that that the meeting can begin early.KEY WORDS inorderthatinorderthat(为了;以便)(为了;以便)sothatsothat(以便)(以便)sothatsothat和和inorderthatinorderthat可以进行替换可以进行替换inorderto+inorderto+动词原形动词原形(叫目的状语)(叫目的状语)inorderthat+inorderthat+从句从句inorderthatinorderthat与与inordertoinorderto有区别有区别一、词型练习1.Heranso_(quick/quickly)thatwecouldntcaughthimup.2.Heistooyoung_(look/tolook)afterhimself.3.Itissucha_(fun/funny)storythateveryonealllaugh.4.Theflowersareso_(beautiful/beautifully)thatwealllikethem.5.Thoughitis_(rain/raining),thefarmersstillworkinthefields.二、句型转换,根据上句,把下句改为同义句。1.He is so fat that he cant walk.He is _ fat _ _.2.My mother gets up early so that she can make breakfast for us.My mother gets up early _ _ breakfast for us.3.He is so slow that I have to stop to wait for him.He walks so _ that I have to stop to wait for him.4.The book is so interesting that I have read it four times.It is _ _ _ book that I have read it four times.tootowalktootowalktomaketomakeslowlyslowlysuchaninterestingsuchaninteresting1.IfyouwanttovisitthePalaceMuseum,I_ticketsforyoutomorrow.(2021北京北京)A.willbookB.bookedC.havebookedD.wasbooking【答案】【答案】A【解析】句意:如果你想要参【解析】句意:如果你想要参观故故宫博物院,我明天将会博物院,我明天将会给你你订票。句中票。句中If引引导的是条件状的是条件状语从句,从句中使用一般从句,从句中使用一般现在在时,主句,主句应用一用一般将来般将来时,故,故应选A。三、状语从句中考链接2.-Doyoualwaysgetupsoearly?-Yes,thefirstbus.Myhomeisfarawayfromschool.(2021河南河南)A.catchB.tocatchC.catchingD.caught【答案】【答案】B【解析】句意:你【解析】句意:你总是起得是起得这么早么早吗?是的,去赶第一班是的,去赶第一班车。我家离学校。我家离学校很很远。根据根据Myhomeisfarawayfromschool.可知,起早的目的是可知,起早的目的是为了赶早班了赶早班车(thefirstbus),因此),因此应该用用动词不定式做目的状不定式做目的状语,故故选B。3.Son,youhaveneverbeenabroad,Imworriedaboutyou.Dontworry,mom.AssoonasI_,I_you.(2021湖北湖北鄂州鄂州)A.willarrive,callB.willarrive,willcallC.arrive,willcallD.arrive,call【答案】【答案】C【解析】句意:儿子,你从来没有出【解析】句意:儿子,你从来没有出过国,我很担心你。不要担心,国,我很担心你。不要担心,妈妈,我一到达,就会我一到达,就会给你打你打电话。句句中中assoonas引引导的是的是时间状状语从从句,从句中用一般句,从句中用一般现在在时,主句用一般将来,主句用一般将来时,故,故应选C。4.He_hisEnglishteacherwhenhewassightseeinginParis.(2021湖北武湖北武汉)A.hasmetB.hadmet C.metD.wouldmeet【答案】答案】C【解析】句意:他在巴黎【解析】句意:他在巴黎观光光时遇到了他的英遇到了他的英语老老师。考。考查句子句子时态。When引引导的的时间状状语从句,从句可以表示一段从句,从句可以表示一段时间或或时间点,从句点,从句时态可可以是一般以是一般过去去时或或过去去进行行时;主句;主句时态要使用一般要使用一般过去去时或或过去去进行行时。结合句意和合句意和选项可知填可知填met;选C。5.Thankstoourgovernment,wecanhaveanewlibrarynextweek.Thatsgreat!Andwewillreadbooksthere_amonth.(2021湖北咸宁湖北咸宁)A.beforeB.inC.byD.until【答案】【答案】B【解析】句意:多【解析】句意:多亏了我了我们政府,下周我政府,下周我们可以有一个新可以有一个新图书馆。太好了!太好了!一一个个月后我月后我们就可以在那里就可以在那里读书了。根据了。根据wecanhaveanewlibrarynextweek.下周我下周我们可以有一个新可以有一个新图书馆。可知,一个月。可知,一个月后我后我们就可以在那里就可以在那里读书了。因此了。因此应该选择介介词in,inamonth:一:一个月之后。个月之后。故故选B。6.Letsgoclimbingifit_thisSaturday.Goodidea.Butnobodyknowsifit.(2021湖北咸宁湖北咸宁)A.isfine;rainsB.isfine;willrainC.willbefine;rains D.willbefine;willrain【答案】【答案】B【解析】句意:如果【解析】句意:如果这个星期六天气好,我个星期六天气好,我们去爬山吧。好主意。但没去爬山吧。好主意。但没人知道会不会下雨。第一个空人知道会不会下雨。第一个空if引引导的是条件状的是条件状语从句,因此从从句,因此从句用一般句用一般现在在时表示将来,表示将来,isfine;第二个空;第二个空if引引导的是的是宾语从句,从句,根据第一句的根据第一句的时间状状语thisSaturday可知,要用一般将来可知,要用一般将来时,一,一般将来般将来时的构成是的构成是will+动词原形。故原形。故选B7.doyouputalotofsnakesintotheforest?Toprotecttheecosystem.(2021吉林吉林)A.Why B.Which C.HowD.When【答案】【答案】A【解析】句意:你【解析】句意:你为什么把很多蛇放什么把很多蛇放进森林里森林里?为了保了保护生生态环境。境。根据根据回答回答Toprotecttheecosystem.(为了保了保护生生态环境,答句的不定境,答句的不定式表目的或原因)可知式表目的或原因)可知问的是原因,故的是原因,故选A。8.Theenvironmentinmyhometownisimprovingbecausemanytreeseveryyear.(2021吉林吉林)A.plantB.plantedC.areplantedD.isplanted【答案】【答案】C【解析】句意【解析】句意“在我的家在我的家乡,环境正在改善因境正在改善因为每年有每年有许多的多的树被种植被种植”。because引导的原因状语从句。引导的原因状语从句。根据根据everyyear可知,用一般可知,用一般现在在时,排除,排除B;且主;且主语manytrees与与谓语plant之之间为被被动bedone,故故选C。9.Loveyourparents_theyarealive.Dontwaituntilitistoolate.(2021吉林)吉林)A.whileB.thoughC.because D.unless【答案】【答案】A【解析】句意:【解析】句意:爱你的父母吧,趁他你的父母吧,趁他们还健在。不要等到健在。不要等到为时已晚。考已晚。考查连词辨析。辨析。本句是本句是时间状状语从句,根据句意从句,根据句意结构,可知构,可知选A。10.Theoldmanleadsasimplelife,_hehasalotofwealth.(2021辽辽宁盘锦)宁盘锦)A.althoughB.soC.unless D.because【答案】【答案】A【解析】句意:老人【解析】句意:老人过着着简朴的生活,尽管他很富有。朴的生活,尽管他很富有。老人老人过着着简朴的生朴的生活和尽管他很富有是活和尽管他很富有是让步关系,意步关系,意为:老人:老人过着着简朴的生活,尽管朴的生活,尽管他很富有。故他很富有。故选A。