同位语从句讲练(公开课课件)-PPT.ppt

同位语从句讲练(公开课课件)同位语是句子成分的一种同位语是句子成分的一种同位语是句子成分的一种同位语是句子成分的一种,它位于它位于它位于它位于名词、代词后面名词、代词后面名词、代词后面名词、代词后面,说明它们的性质和说明它们的性质和说明它们的性质和说明它们的性质和情况情况情况情况,它可以由名词、代词、名词性它可以由名词、代词、名词性它可以由名词、代词、名词性它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。短语或从句充当。短语或从句充当。短语或从句充当。同位语同位语 the Appositive语法精解语法精解(一一)同位语的表现形式有以下几种：同位语的表现形式有以下几种：同位语的表现形式有以下几种：同位语的表现形式有以下几种：(1)名词名词 Tom,our monitor,is a handsome boy.(2)代词代词 I myself will do the experiment.(3)数词数词 She is the oldest among them six.(4)从句从句 He told me the news that the plane had exploded.他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。(5)由由such as,that is引导引导 Some subjects,such as maths and physics,are very difficult to learn.某些学科某些学科,例如数学和物理例如数学和物理,是很难是很难学的。学的。(6)由由 or 引导引导 The freezing temperature,or freezing point,is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure.结冰温度即冰点结冰温度即冰点,是水在常压下结是水在常压下结冰时的温度。冰时的温度。同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句 the Appositive clausethe Appositive clause(1)同位语从句的定义同位语从句的定义 在复合句中跟在一个名词或代词在复合句中跟在一个名词或代词后，对其做进一步后，对其做进一步解释说明解释说明的从句。的从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种，同位语从句是名词性从句的一种，在句中充当同位语在句中充当同位语语法精解语法精解(二二)大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流可以互相讨论下，但要小声点可以互相讨论下，但要小声点可以互相讨论下，但要小声点可以互相讨论下，但要小声点它一般放在它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question，suggestion等名词的后面等名词的后面,对前面的名词对前面的名词作进一步的解释作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的说明前面名词的具体内具体内具体内具体内容容容容。引导同位语从句的。引导同位语从句的引导词引导词引导词引导词有连词有连词that,连接副词连接副词how,when,where,whether,what等。等。e.g.The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.I have no idea when he will come back.1.同位语从句有时被别的词或短语同位语从句有时被别的词或短语把它和名词隔开：把它和名词隔开：注意注意:-The story goesgoes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.-Word camecame that their team had won.2.同位语从句中使用虚拟语气的情况同位语从句中使用虚拟语气的情况注意注意:在在suggestion,advice,request,order,demand,requirement等意为等意为“建议，建议，要求，命令要求，命令”的的n./v.后，同位语从句的后，同位语从句的谓语谓语v.通常用虚拟语气结构通常用虚拟语气结构“should+v原形原形”，其中，其中should可省略。可省略。-Our teacher gave us some suggestion how we(should)use(should)use the computer.-The manager-The manager orderedordered him that he him that he(should)finish the work in a day.(should)finish the work in a day.同位语从句的表现形式同位语从句的表现形式:由由由由thatthat引导引导引导引导 -The fact that you havent enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable.-The hope that he may come here is not gone yet.-The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true.-The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all.-The problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.由由由由whetherwhether引导引导引导引导 -The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.由由由由whenwhen引导引导引导引导 -I have no idea when they will go.其它特殊形式其它特殊形式 有时可用有时可用 namely(即即),that is to say(也就是说也就是说),in other words(换句话说换句话说),that is(那就是那就是),for example 等引出同位等引出同位语语,说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。-He told us the good news,namely,the museum is open to all.-There is only one way of improving your English,that is,to practice more.-Altogether Dolly had lived for six years,half the length of the life of the original sheep.（3 3）同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别:同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆常混淆,我们可以从以下几个方面区别我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们它们:同位语从句说明的名词大都是同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词抽象名词,对其起到对其起到解释说明具体内解释说明具体内容容的作用，与其前面的名词是同位的作用，与其前面的名词是同位关系关系;定语从句所修饰、限定的名词定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的，对或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的，对其起其起修饰限定修饰限定的作用，与其前面的的作用，与其前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系。名词是修饰与被修饰的关系。-We express the hope that they will come to visit China again.(同位语从句同位语从句)-Those who want to go please sign their names here.(定语从句定语从句)引导同位语从句的引导同位语从句的that在句中在句中不充当不充当任何成分任何成分但但不能省略不能省略；引导定语从句的；引导定语从句的that在从句中在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语充当主语、宾语或表语，可以省略可以省略。-The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true.-The news(that)he told me is exciting.when,where,why既可以引导定语既可以引导定语从句也可以引导同位语从句。共同之处从句也可以引导同位语从句。共同之处是两种从句在复合句中都是两种从句在复合句中都充当状语充当状语。不。不同点：同点：when,where,why引导定语从句引导定语从句时，前面有时，前面有与其意义相近的先行词与其意义相近的先行词；当；当引导同位语从句时，前面引导同位语从句时，前面先行词含义与先行词含义与之并不相同之并不相同。-Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed.-Do you know the place where he was born?-Ill never forget the day when we met for the first time.(定从定从定从定从)-I have no idea when we met for the first time.（同从）（同从）（同从）（同从）what what 不能引导定语从句，但不能引导定语从句，但不能引导定语从句，但不能引导定语从句，但可引导同位语从句并在其中可以充当可引导同位语从句并在其中可以充当可引导同位语从句并在其中可以充当可引导同位语从句并在其中可以充当成分，如：成分，如：成分，如：成分，如：-I have no idea-I have no idea what we should give what we should give themthem.同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子个完整句子,谓语动词用谓语动词用be的不同形式。的不同形式。He heard the news that their team had won.此句可以变为一个表语从句此句可以变为一个表语从句:-The news was that their team had won.练习练习 1.Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.-The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.1.把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句句的复合句。2.The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China./We heard the news last night.-We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a four-day visit in china.3.Teenagers shouldnt spend too much time on line./Many Chinese parents hold the view.-Many Chinese parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.4.Time travel is possible./We have no scientific proof for the idea.-We have no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.5.Students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people.-The suggestion that students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people.1.We dont think you two have met before.2.2.翻译句子翻译句子,并说明这个名词性从并说明这个名词性从句的作用句的作用。我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。(宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句)1.We dont think(that)you two have met before.2.It is certain that John will do well in his exam.约翰肯定会考好。约翰肯定会考好。(主语从句主语从句)3.Whether they are coming or not dont matter too much.他们来不来无关紧要。他们来不来无关紧要。(主语从句主语从句)4.Now is when we need him most.现在是我们最需要他的时候。现在是我们最需要他的时候。(表语从句表语从句)5.I have no idea how she got through the forest.我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。(同位语从句同位语从句)6.The fact that they won the prize made us happy.他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。(同位语从句同位语从句)3.3.用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。1.I cant decide _ book I should buy.2.China is no longer _ it used to be.3.I am very interested in _ he improved his English in such a short time.4._ we need is more money.5.The truth _ the earth turns around the sun is known to us.which what how Whatthat 1.1.One of them held the view _ the book said was right.A.what that B.that what C.that D.whether4.4.单项选择单项选择 2.2.The reason _ he has to go is _ his mother is ill in bed.A,why;why B.why;because C.why;that D.that;because 3.3.They received orders _ the work be done right away.A.which B.that C./D.when 4.4.You can take the seat_ is free.A.which B.that C.where D.in which 5.5.The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.A.until B.that C.when D.where 6.6.Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he was likely to lose control over the plane.A.where B.which C.what D.why 7.7.Thats the only thing _ he can do now A.which B.all C.that D.what 8.8.Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as 9.9.Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A.which B.that C.what D.whether 10.10.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _.A.that;to be improved B.which;to be improved C.where;improving D.when;improving