商务英语阅读(答案).pdf
商务英语阅读（答案）E-mail:Chapter One EconomicsLesson OneI,Check your comprehension:Decide if the sentences are T or F.Write T or F beforeeach sentence.Compare your answer with your pair.l.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.FII.Familiar yourself with the following key terms:A.Choose the statement that defines one of the business terms given below.1.distribute 2.purchase 3.loan4.resource 5.interest 6.supplierB.Identify the English expressions of the following Chinese terms.1.unemployment rate 2.financial affairs 3.auto loan 4.military pursuits5.civilian pursuits 6.raise money 7.medical care 8.economic concernsIII.Vocabulary practice:Filling in the blanks with the proper words or expressions youhave learned from the text given below to finish the following sentences.1.distributed 2.varying 3.economic 4.purchasing5.resources 6.exchange 7.campaign 8.issueIV.Translation.1.人类有多种需要和需求。经济学仅仅关注人的物质需求。这些需求可以通过消费商品来得到满足一或者是实货（有形商品，如食物），或者是服务（无形商品，如供热）。2.所有的社会都存在三个共同的基本问题，即：生产什么、怎样生产和为谁生产。前两个问题代表的是生产，而第三个问题则代表的是分配。3.人类的需要和需求几乎是无限的，然而不幸的是，人们发现自己的资源很缺乏。4.经济学中最为古老的话题也许就是为什么有些国家富有 而其他国家贫穷。有一点没有异议，那就是在许多发展中国家里，受过高等教育的劳动者稀缺。V.Oral Practice:Discussion the following two questions with your group members inEnglish.（Omitted）Lesson TwoI Check your comprehension:Decide if the sentences are T or F.Write T or F beforeeach sentence.Compare your answer with your pair.l.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T 6.FII.Familiar yourself with the following key terms:Choose the statement that definesone of the business terms given below.1.consumption 2.household 3.macroeconomic4.inflation 5.workforce 6.revolutionaryIII.Make sentences using the following words or patterns.1.When children are concerned with their parents,divorce,they are very unhelpful andpainful.2.Children thrive on good fbod.3.Management must determine the firms cash needs for both the short and long term.4.We must inquire into the matter before drawing the conclusion.5.Her old age pension gives her barely enough to get by.IV.Translation.1.经济学来源于社会哲学，并且与社会哲学有着紧密联系。2.宏观经济学与经济的全部工作特性有关系，而微观经济学与单个实体的行为有关系,诸如市场，公司和家庭。3.在宏观经济中，我们总体上研究经济；在微观经济中，我们着眼于个体市场。4.We study economics to inquire into the economy of a nation from both the whole andindividual.5.The scope of economics is extremely wide,including many different economic fields.6.Although macroeconomics is essentially related to microeconomics,it is still different frommicroeconomics.V.Oral Practice:Discussion the following two questions with your group members inEnglish.(Omitted)Lesson ThreeI.Check your comprehension:Decide if the sentences are T or F.Write T or F beforeeach sentence.Compare your answer with your pair.l.T 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.FII.Familiar yourself with the following key terms:Match each word on the left with itscorrect meaning on the right.1.c 2.b 3.d 4.a 5.f 6.eIII.Cloze:Fill in each blank with an appropriate word from the list given below.Makechanges wherever necessary.The term market has many meanings.To some people it means the place where theyshop for groceries.To other people it means the stock market where people can buy or sellshares.To a manufacturer of womens dresses it means the current level of demand fordresses.We can also take a market as a set of economic forces called supply and demand.Supply forces tend to bring goods and services into consumption.Demand forces tend toresult in consumption of those goods and services.Supply and demand forces interact toform a price.Since markets play a large role in our economy,we say we have a marketeconomy.A market economy is an economic system in which prices determine howresources will be used and how products will be distributed.IV.Translation.经济学家们谈及供求规律，就是指价格的上涨就会增加供应而价格的下降就会减少供应。如果某一件独特的商品价格上升了，肯定会鼓励生产者生产更多的这类商品。相反，如果价格在当地或在全球下降了，生产者将会减少对它的生产。V.Writing practice:Please give a summary of this article(around 200 words).(Omitted)Lesson FourI,Check your comprehension:Decide if the sentences are T or F.Write T or F beforeeach sentence.Compare your answer with your pair.1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.FII.Choose the best answer to each of the following statements according to the text.1.c.2.d.3.d.4.b.5.d.IH.Translation.1.有人卖时就有人买；公司在开发新产品时，政府就会通过法律管制污染。2.价钱太高意味着由于生产过多而造成的过量供应；价钱太低会导致商店里排长队买东西和商品的短缺。3.生产什么产品不是由消费者投票决定的一每2年或4年搞一次民意测验，而是由他们每日的购买所决定。4.公司不断地受追求最大限度的利润所驱使一即获取纯收入或是总销售和总成本之间的差额。5.人们的收入在很大程度上依靠他们自己所拥有的财产，依靠他们习得或继承的能力，依靠他们的运气，依靠种族和性别歧视的程度。IV.Cloze:Fill in each blank with an appropriate word from the list given below.Makechanges wherever necessary.Supplies of many commodities can generally be adjusted to suit market conditions.Thismeans that changes in price lead to changes in the quantity of a particular commodity whichis made available to consumers.In such instances supply is said to be“elastic”,because itcan be increased and decreased rapidly in response to market prices.Elasticity of supply,as a response to changes in price,is related to demand.Economistsdefine demand，as a consumers desire or want,together with his willingness to pay forwhat he wants.We can say that demand is indicated by our willingness to offer money forparticular goods or services.V.Oral Practice:Discuss the following two questions with your group members inEnglish.(Omitted)Lesson FiveI,Check your comprehension:Decide if the sentences are T or F.Write T or F beforeeach sentence.Compare your answer with your pair.l.T 2.T 3.F 4.T5.T 6.F 7.T 8.TII.Check your comprehension:Choose the best answer to each of the followingstatements.1.d.2.a.3.b.4.d.5.c.KI.Translation.1.史密斯对市场机制指导作用的洞察激发了包括资本主义的钦佩者和批评家在内的现代经济学者。2.史密斯自己认为，只有当自由竞争的相互制衡存在时，人们才能完全了解市场机制的优点。3.当所有的工业受自由竞争相互制衡的约束,市场才能利用最有效的技术和最小量的投入，生产出大量有效的产品。4.当经济活动在市场之外没有得到补偿时，增加成本或给予他人优惠条件，那么外部的事物就会出现。IV.Writing practice:Write a short passage about“market mechanism”with thefollowing phrases.(Omitted)V.Oral Practice:Discussion the following two questions with your group members inEnglish.(Omitted)Chapter Two International TradeLesson OneI,Check your comprehension:Decide if the sentences are T or F.Write T or F beforeeach sentence.Compare your answer with your pair.l.F 2.T 3.T 4.T 5.F6.F 7.T 8.F 9.T 10.TII.Choose the statement that defines one of the business terms given below.1.visible trade 2.invisible trade 3.balance of payment4.international trade parative advantage 6.specializationIII.Vocabulary practice:Filling in the blanks with proper words or expressions youhave learned from the text to finish the following parative advantage 2.invisible trade 3.technology4.Diversification5.natural resourcesIV.Translation.6.domestic7.specializing8.distribution1.从本质上而言，国际贸易指在平等的基础上进行的跨国界的商品和服务交换行为。它包括进口义务和出口义务两部分内容。1.世界各地自然资源分布不均，这正是国际贸易产生的原因。2.有形贸易指货物的进出口，而无形贸易指的是国家间的劳务交换,运输、保险、旅游及移民汇款等都是无形贸易的实例。3.中世纪期间，手工业者专门从事生产，商人则开始专门从事销售，出现了越来越多的店铺。V.Oral Practice:Discuss the following two questions with your group members inEnglish.(Omitted)Lesson TwoI.Check your comprehension:Decide if the sentences are T or F.Write T or F beforeeach sentence.Compare your answer with your pair.l.F 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.T 6.TIL Cloze:Fill in each blank with an appropriate word from the list given below.Makechanges wherever necessary.The benefits derived from the development of international trade are:cheaper goodsbecause of the advantage possessed by the supplying country;a great variety of productsavailable to the consumers;wider markets for the producing country conferring theeconomics of large scale productions the overall growth of trade due to the reciprocaladvantages.III.Translation.出口的最终目的是为了赚取利润。出口公司是否盈利在很大程度上取决于提高管理水平和业务能力。商品的生产，宣传和销售活动都耗费巨资。这些费用必须低于销售所得到的收入。不然，公司将被耗尽。它将逐渐枯竭，最终破产。偶尔在开发某项新产品时，公司也许会出现短期亏损。但这应当有所限制，不能允许这种情况无限期的持续下去。万全之策是在中长期内使收入大于支出。这样公司才能生存下去。IV.Oral practice:Illustrate the benefits of International Trade with concrete examples.The words and phrases listed below are for your reference.(Omitted)Lesson ThreeI.Vocabulary practice:Filling in the blanks with the proper words or expressions youhave learned from the text given below to finish the following sentences.1.efficiency 2.concentrate on 3.productivity 4.principles5.cost parative 7.absolute 8.advantageII.Check your comprehension:Read the following passages and answer the Questionsorally,(omitted)III.Writing Practice:1.Comment on the theory of absolute advantage and its application in internationaltrade in about 100 words.The following words and expressions are for your reference.If a country is more efficient,or spends fewer resources such as capital,land and laborthan other countries in producing a commodity,we say this country has an absoluteadvantage in producing this commodity.The theory of absolute advantage implies that everycountry produces and exports commodities in which they have absolute advantage whileimporting commodities where other countries have absolute advantage.2.Explain briefly why trade to exploit comparative advantage promotes efficiencyamong countries.The theory of comparative advantage implies that every country,even when it has noabsolute advantage at all,can specialize in the production and export of commodities whereits absolute disadvantage is smaller or where it has comparative advantage.So long ascomparative advantage exists,trade between countries is always possible,and in the processof exploiting comparative advantage,trade promotes efficiency among countries,since it canmake one country better off without making another worse off.IV.Translation.1.The theory of absolute advantage holds that a commodity will be produced in the countrywhere it costs least in terms of resources.2.According to the theory of comparative advatage,both trade parties can benefits fromtrade.3.Comparative advantage has directed countries to specialize in particular products and tomass-produce.4.The main idea of the theory of comparative advantage is that different countries or regionshave different production possibilities.Lesson FourI.Familiar yourself with the following key terms:Match the terms with theirdefinitions.1.a 2.d 3.g 4.f5.b 6.h 7.e 8.cII.Organization analysis:Complete the following diagram to represent the organizationof the text.You will probably have to refer back to the passage in order to do this.厂 Differences in languageCultural problems 工 Differences in customsrDifferences in traditionsMonetary conversion.fiuctuation in foreign exchange rateProblems in Jinternational trade厂 Revenue tariffs vs.protection tariffsrTariffs Import duty vs.Export dutyJImport surtaxITrade barriers 厂 Import licenseIQuotaNon-tariffs Government procurementbarriers|Foreign exchange controlHealth and sanitary regulationTechnical standardsExport subsidyIII.Check your comprehension:Decide if the sentences are T or F.Write T or F beforeeach sentence.Compare your answer with your pair.l.T 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.FIV.Cloze:Fill in each blank with an appropriate word or phrase from the list givenbelow.Make changes wherever necessary.Trade restrictions:Barriers to free tradeOne of the most common forms of restriction is the tariff.A tariff is a duty or tax leviedon foreign imports.There are also several non-tariff restrictions that are used to limit importsand encourage the export of domestic commodities.Import quotas and export subsidies aretwo examples of the kind.An import quota（进 Id 配额）is a maximum absolute amount of aparticular commodity that may be imported.An export subsidy（；l 口补贴）is a governmentpayment to private firms to encourage the export of certain goods or to preventdiscrimination against exporters who may have to sell their product at a world price that isbelow the domestic price.V.Oral practice:1.Give a concrete example to illustrate the foreign change risks involved in worldtrade.(For reference)Heres an example about the risks involved in monetary conversion.An importer doesnot receive a shipment immediately after ordering it,and is often given a short period ofcommercial credit.Suppose a British importer must pay a certain amount of Deutsche Markin 60 days to a German exporter for the import of some equipment.This transaction leavesthe British firm open to substantial exchange rate risk because during those 60 days,thepound may depreciate relative to the Deutsche Mark,forcing the British firm to spend a largeamount of to satisfy its import commitment.2.Discuss the purpose and effects of tariffs and non-tariffs.(Omitted)Lesson FiveI.Vocabulary practice:Complete the following diagram with the information you getfrom the text about forms of world trade.Form of World TradeDefinitiondirect investmentInvestments that give the investor effective control an accompanied bymanagerial participation.licensingAn argument between producer(licensor)and manufacture(licensee)in another country,by which the former grants the latter the right tomanufacture a product with its know-how and market the product withits trademark in return for an initial fee and a percentage of the incomefrom the sales of the product by the licensee.exportingSending goods to another country for sale or trade.electronic commerceTrade that is made in electronic way.In other words,its a way to sellcommodities in a cheap,efficient,convenient and global way.joint ventureA form of business relations which involves pooling of assets,jointmanagement and a sharing of profits as well as risks according to acommon agreement.importingBring goods from another country for sale or trade.contract manufacturingA form of trade that enables the foreign manufacturer to produce aspecial volume of the contractors product to specification and have thecontractors firm name brand on the final products.trading companyFacilitating organizations that perform wholesaling functions includingtransportation,consulting,market research,advertising,insurance,warehousing,and financial services,etc.II.Check your comprehension:Decide if the sentences are T or F.Write T or F before eachsentence.Compare your answer with your painl.T 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F 6.T 7.T 8.FIII.Translate:Translate the following passage.国外投资有两种形式，即直接投资和有价证券投资。直接投资又称国外直接投资，它指在国外企、业的投资，通过这种形式的投资，投资商可以获得对该企业的管理权。与之相反，有价证券投资是指通过认购国外的股票、债券、政府发行的证券等来求得日后的收入及资本的增长。不过通过这种方式的投资，投资商不拥有管理方面的控制权。IV.Oral practice:Evaluate the forms of international trade mentioned in this lesson withthe following prompts.(omitted)Chapter Three Marketing and AdvertisingLesson OneI,Check your comprehension:Decide if the sentences are T or F.Write T or F before eachsentence.l.T 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F 6.TII Vocabulary practice:Filling in the blanks with proper words or expressions you havelearned from the text to finish the following sentences.1.definition 2.tactics 3.Innovation 4.purchase 5.revenue 6.perceptionIH Translation.1.销售者总是会感到竞争的压力，他必须不断提出新的策略、方法来使企、也保持良好的状况。2.今天的俏售者们努力工作以确保他们的顾客成为回头客。3.市场营销的一个重要目标是提供顾客真正需要的产品和服务，并且让顾客感到他们与销售者的接触是为了帮助双方建立良好的关系。4.从交易的另一方面来讲，销售者会以通过他们的营销活动赚取了多少利润以及耗费了多少成本来衡量自己获得的价值。IV Oral Practice:Discuss the following questions with your group members in English:(Omitted)Lesson TwoI.Check your comprehension:Decide if the sentences are T or F.Write T or F before eachsentence.l.T 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.FII Use some of the statements in the passage to trace the development of Advertising.1.advertising was conducted by
