2023年高考英语-基础写作训练.pdf

2021-2022编辑&校 对凌 革 马 哈作 者：陶然B站主页微信公众号(NMET BJ)微信答疑群目录写在前头的一些话.3第一次课写作基本要求与表示人的名词.4第二次课名词单复数/可数不可数/冠词.6第三次课 表示物的名词.8第四次课动词的一般现在时（壹）.10第五次课动词的一般现在时（贰）.12第六次课动词的一般现在时（叁）.14第七次课代词与形式宾语句型.16第八次课形式宾语、强调句型及形容词.18第九次课基本连词and的用法.21第十次课英语的句子成分和基本句型.23第十一次课基本句组合训练（壹）.25第十二次课基本句组合训练（贰）.27第十三次课基本句组合训练（叁）.29第十四次课介词的基本用法.32第十五次课常用介词搭配.36第十六次课并歹！J连词and/but/so.4012写在前头的一些话 课 程设置目的帮助学生填补初一以来的所有知识漏洞 课 程难度十分初级 课 程内容小 学-高二的英语知识 课程顺序一 个 词-一 句 话-多 句 话-一 段 话-多 段 话-文章 课 程重点对象语法能力弱、基础差、英语漏洞多、无法搞定基本语法规则、写作内容错误多的同学（100分以下）课 程作业每次课结束后，识记课后所发词汇表，要求能够知晓中英双义并拼写 课 程目标：12+/1516+/20 21+/25B Y.陶然3第一次课写作基本要求与表示人的名词【关于你的高考英语写作】1.字体只要求清楚和整齐高三党不要去花时间纠结于练字2.全文模板没有意义3.高级词汇 并不是很必要 英语中单词与作文的关系=汉语中单个字和文章的关系E.g.happy-delight-exhilarate 使用高级词汇并不代表文章会得高分4.拼写和语法要求无错误拼 写：需了解核心词汇语 法：多进行练习5.内容要满足写作目的6.内容层次分明，逻辑清晰 文章层次-段落层次7.审题务必细致，避免跑题8.客观题永远高于主观题不同分段对于英语知识的掌握要求：90分-核心词汇 11月120分-对于客观题（阅读/完型等）的解题思路 2月140分-客观题无错，对于写作 6月写作基础训练一“名词”（人/物）大部分学生，作文起笔先想到的，多为名词一、人 称 代 词（第一/二/三人称）单 数（Y）:我 T 、你“You、他“He、她“She，它“It”寡攵侈个）：我 们“W e、你 们“Y o u、他/她/它 们“They”1.如果写一个句子，第一个单词的第一个字母一定要大写；2.如果写到人，注意人有单数和复数的区 别；3.如果写完了一个英语句子，一定要写句号。英语的句号为,逗号为，一定不要把句号当逗号用。二、人名1.外国人名：需首字母大写4 Tom、Kate Jerry、Jack2.中国人名：根据字数判断两字 Li Hua三字 Xia Jiazheng三、表示人的名词1,笼 统：people=many persons表 示 许 多 人 1 用以描述person 一个人 J个体事件human/human being人 类(生物角度)2.细致：各行各业、各种身份/角色一依赖于词汇基础(1)自身 任何时候，从 自 己(se lf)的角度为出发点，去描述环境/动作等，保证文章的真实性 作文题不一定会与自身经历完全重合，但是会有一定相似E.g.送别班级留学生 留 学 生(x)送 别(V)(2)父母 father+mother=parent(s)-Dad&Mom(3)亲戚 兄弟姐妹、叔叔阿姨 relatives(brother/sister/uncle/aunt/grandparents)(4)朋友、同学 friends/classmates(复数)(5)各种社会身份 teacher.强调：1.写作尽量贴近事实角度，戒少无关紧要的宏大描述；2.写作尽量体现真实角度，减少刻意的编造。5第二次课名词单复数/可数不可数/冠词高考阅卷细节要求-绝对不能犯错-中英文的根本差异名词 单复数 冠 词(a/an/the/不 填)动词时态 主谓一致3.名词的单复数中文中：一个老师/许多个老师/老师们(名词自身不变化)英文中(1)基本变化+s teacher-teachers/animal-animals(2)特殊变化+es-ch、-sh-s、-o、-x 结尾 addresses +ies辅音字母+y结尾 babies/cities元音字母+y结尾 days/boys/toys +ves-f 结尾 leaf-leaves/wolf-wolves-fe 结尾 knives/wives强调：务必注意，自身写作是需要单数名词还是复数名词4.可数/不可数名词test-tests chair-chairshomework/money/water/air/bread/furniture 不可数名词的判断：依靠日常经验积累提 醒：不要过度重视可数或不可数，更不要因此否定自身，错了就错了，错后知晓即可5.冠词不定冠词a/an定冠词the、零冠词/名词的分类：可 数 名 词(单数名词/复数名词)和不可数名词(1)单数名词禁 止 裸 奔 ，必须加限制词 冠词 a/the table6 指向形容词 this/that/these table(s)归属形容词 my/your/his table 数量 one/two table(s)冠词+形容词 a red/a wooden table 复数名词和不可数名词可以使用“the”,不使用 七/an”，不一定需要限制词(the)/some/a lot of/much/little money(2)不定冠词a/an 概括、笼 统(general)的某一个I want to see a movie this weekend.,元音前使用a n,辅音前使用a特另|J ：a university/ju:/a unique personan umbrella an unclean hour an honest boy a half(3)定 冠 词 the 特定、具 体(specific)的那个；第二次提到I want to see the movie this weekend.四、表示物的名词(概括/具体、具体/抽象)something 概括computer 具体attitude 抽象7第三次课表示物的名词四、表示物的名词（概括/具体、具体/抽象）1.概括-thing事 物 别 用（万不得已不要写）E.g.I like something.I like that book/glass/item.the best experience 最棒的事情 something/anything/everything/nothing 物品 均为 somebody/anybody/everybody/nobody 人物 J 单数E.g.Something matters./Everythingjs fine.a l l 所有肯定/none所有否定 三者以上-both两者肯定/neither两者否定 两者之间 each 每一 外2.具 体-生 活 积 累（可感知到）每天从起床起，尝试将词汇融入日常生活E.g.subtitle字 幕（底下的标题）computer3.抽象-概念化的事物感情色彩、感受：正 面/负 面【写作】（名词需要会写）生活化概念:thoughts/mind/idea/hesitationtalk/discussion/interactionpraise/conversationpurpose/meaning/reason/role不规则的矩形：生活中的具体名词 矩形间的横线：抽象名词（作 者：陶然）写作重心永远放在抽象名词上一一看到背后的意义8写作重心若放在具体事 物 上-说 明 文-表 面-无意义4.doing动名词-某个动作这件事 read 动 词-reading 名词 write 动 词-writing 名词 study动词&名 词-learning名 词（“学习”的首选）-collect动 词-collection名 词（首选正式名词形式）E.g.Cooperation is very important to our success.合作至关重要，对于我们的成功 Cooperating-doing 动名词形式-Cooperation-正式名词形式（首选）强调：1.若发现在写作中，需要替换词汇，请尽量不要使用所谓“高级词汇”进行替换2.“高级词汇”并非必需，替换词汇是因为不好用E.g.teach 动 词-teaching 名词我的老师的教学my teacher s teaching（x）my teacher s introduction/guidance/explanation（V）9第四次课动词的一般现在时（壹）写作基础训练一动词一、动词在句子中的地位 英语句子的基本要求：有独立的完整含义 世界是物质的，物质是运动的-名 词（主/宾）+动 词（谓语）没有主语的句子：祈使句 Stop smoking.没有宾语的句子：不及物动词 The shop closed.没有主语和宾语的句子：Look!See?没有谓语的句子:H i!Hello!Ouch!Bye-bye!Yes.当我们表达一个相对而言复杂的含义时，必须要有谓语 谓语决定整句话的特定意义，是一个句子的核心E.g.省略句-I like roses.-Me too.=I like roses,too.*-1,too.Me too.-子的请吾决定这个句子的领E.g.I was h a p p y.（基础级别）I experienced a moment of happiness.（核心词汇用法）Happiness flooded through my mind.（写作思维转变）Happiness was in my mind.二、be动词的一般现在时1.地 位：英语中最基本的动词，表 示“是 、主语Be动词肯定其他内容1am（独有）from BeijingH e/S he/Itis（单数）in the roomWe/You/Theyare（复数）hard-working y o u 可 以 表 示“你”，也 可 以 表 示“你公1”务 必 注 意be动词”和前面名词单复数的一致性缩写格式：,m/s/r e写作中禁用I am=I m He is=He s They are=They re主语Be动词否定其他内容1am notfrom BeijingHe/She/Itis notin the roomWe/You/Theyare nothard-working变成否定时，在be动词后面加not务 必 注 意be动词”和前面名词单复数的一致性10,缩写格式：isn t/aren t 写作中禁用I am I am notHe is He is notThey are-They are not【主谓一致】EgA bookjs our friend./Books are our friend.A book is on the shelf./Books are on the shelf.A bookjs necessary./Books are necessary.Reading a bookjs necessary./Reading books is necessary.Reading a book and writing a paper are necessary.Tomjs a student./Tom and Kate are students.Reading a book,along with writing a paper,_is necessary.插入语为补充进句子的成分，不计入主语Along with writing a paper,reading a bookjs necessary.Reading a bookjs necessary,along with writing a paper.Tom and Kate 复数 are Tom with Kate 单数 is Tom with a box 单数 is汤姆和凯特和凯特在一起的汤姆拿着盒子的汤姆写作目标：Reading a book and writing a paper are necessary.Reading a book,along with writing a paper,_is necessary.Along with writing a paper,reading a bookjs necessary.My classmates and I went to the theater.生硬 头 重（构成主语词数过多）I went to the theater with my classmates.舍 予 月 艮 匀称（作 者：陶然）强调：本写作课笔记没啥用处，看课听懂最重要!11第五次课动词的一般现在时（贰）三、一般现在时do1.“do”在一般现在时中的肯定表述主语d o 形态例句1 /You/We/They我/你/复 数基础形态（原形）come from Beijingmake coffeework a lotHe/She/It他/她/它单数/第三人称-s 形态（第三人称单数）comes from Beijingmakes coffeeworks a lot每次写到原形动词时，永远要多想一件事一是否要加“s”三单并不难，但当其与其他语法现象结合时，请务必注意不要犯错E.g.My favorite teacher is Ms.Huang,who devotes herself to our English learning.He study-studies/She work-works(1)写作中，涉及原形动词成立的情况：T 殳现在时：我/你/复数+do T S 将来时：will do 情态动词.can/w川/may/must/should/need+do 否定/疑问：Did you do sth.?/1 did t do sth.祈使句：Do sth./Don t do sth.不定式：t。do(非谓语动词)(2)写作高频使用动词一务必掌握：am(be)I am from China.are(be)Your answers are e We never come home late.find Can you find my country on the map?get I get many emails every day.give The teacher gives a test to every student.go You go to school by car.has My name has 6 le tters.单数“它“have We have many friends,复数“我 们 is(be)Everything is OK.know You know French and he knows Spanish.like She likes coffee with milk and sugar.12（中文核心动作一主语+核心动作+宾语+补充内容）look makePlease look at question No.10.1 make breakfast every morning.say see take thinkPlease say your name slowly.1 see you.Please take a cookie.1 think the time is seven o clock.use work1 use my cell phone many times every day.He works at the bank.（3）-s 形态的牛瓣情况 以-s/-ss/-sh/-ch/-z/-x 结尾+es pass-passes wash-washes watch-watches mix-mixes fix-fixes 元 音 字 母（a、e、i、o、u）+y结 尾+s play-plays say-says buy-buys辅音字母+y结 尾+ies cry-criestry-tries 牛 瓣 变 化（不规则）have-has do-does-go-goes13第六次课动词的一般现在时（叁）【陶大de课前寄语】各位同学好，今 晚 11:00,写作基础训练第六次课，我们要开始写句子了！好激动呀，不会写句子主谓宾都摆不清楚的同学要来听哦-有回放啦啦啦。此外，网盘的写作词汇表更新到第六页7,各位可以去下载，么么哒-2.一般现在时的否定表述主语否定形态例句1 /You/We/They我/你/复 数do not加入助动词have a carrungo to bed early动词使用原形He/She/It他/她/它单数/第三人称does not加入助动词 T 殳现在时变否定，加入助动词do not/does not 原来的动词使用原形do 缩写:do not=don t does not=doesn*t（不&使用）E.g.I have a car.-I do not have a car.We go to bed early.-We do not go to bed early.He has a book.-He does not have a book.She goes to school at 7 am every day.-She does not go to school at 7 am every day.改错训练：Li Hua and Wang Mei no live in China.Li Hua and Wang Mei do not live in China.Li Hua do not works in a big office.Li Hua does not work in a big office.Li Hua is not wake up at 7 am every day.Li Hua does not wake up at 7 am every day.Li Hua a good person.Li Hua is a good person.Li Hua and Wang Mei is in the kitchen.Li Hua and Wang Mei are in the kitchen.14 That computer no is expensive.That computer is not expensive.【写作段落训练】文段一：My name is Li Hua.I have a big family.I have two brothers.I also have two sisters.I am the oldest child.我的名字叫李华。我有一个大家庭。我有两个弟弟。我还有两个妹妹。我是最大的孩子。I am 22 years old.I really like my brothers and sisters.We are a very happy family.我二十二岁。我 很（表强调）喜欢我的弟弟妹妹。我们是一个非常快乐的家庭。要点 too+adj./adv.太 负态度 too long/too slowly very+adj./a d v,很 中性/正态度 表状态 a 5-year-old girl 一个五岁的小女孩文段二：This is a photo of my English class.Li Hua is/comes from Hubei.Wang Mei and Zhang Dong come from这是一张我的英语班的照片。李华来自湖北。王梅和张东来自广东。Guangdong.Guangdong is a province in the southern China.Liu Hui comes from Beijing.Beijing is the广东是中国南方的一个省。刘辉来自北京。北京是中国capital of China.Zhao Lei is/comes from Sichuan.I like the boys and girls in my class.的首都。赵磊来自四川。我喜欢班里的男孩们和女孩们。文段三：Li Hua and Wang Mei are high school students.They go to the same high school.They start their classes李华和王梅是高中生。他们上同一所高中。他们早上7 点半开始at 7:30 am.They have math class first.They like math a lot.They have lunch at pm/12 o clock.上课。他们先上数学课。他们非常喜欢数学。12点的时候他们吃午餐。They eat in the dining hall with their classmates.After school,they have a football training.They do他们和同学一起在食堂吃饭。放学以后，他们有足球训练。their homework after dinner.They go to bed early because they are tired.他们晚饭后写作业。他们晚上睡得早因为他们累了。要点-at first起 初 最 开 始 与后来相反 am/p m 开始均为1 2,后为1,2,3-11E.g.12am lam 2am 11am 12pm lpm 2Pm 11pm15第七次课代词与形式宾语句型写作基础训练一辅助词一、代词1.和人有关的代词人称主语宾语强调自己属于某人某人的我1memyselfminemy你youyouyourselfyoursyour他hehimhimselfhishis她sheherherselfhersher它itititselfitsits我们weusourselvesoursour你们youyouyourselvesyoursyour他 姻 钠 theythemthemselvestheirstheir人名词、指物形容词E.g.我很钦佩你 I really admire you.The teacher provided them with great help.The task was finished by us.说明是我们做的 The task was finished by ourselves.说明没有其他人 I told myself,be confident!强调自己 This is your dictionary,这是你的字典。=This dictionary is yours,这本字典是你的。(they)own culture思 路：名 词-人 them/自 己 themselves/物 theirs形 容 词-their2.“it”与“one”it明确代词-指代前面句中单数名词【七选五】E.g.I bought a book yesterday.Jt is interesting.(2)one模糊代词-指代前面句中名词范围中的某一个E.g.-Do you have that book?-I want to buy one.3.“it”的特殊句型E.g.It is interesting to read books in a library.16它 是 有 趣 的 去 读 书 在 一 个 图 书 馆 里 一 在一个图书馆里读书是有趣的。(1)形式主语-强调某种状态【句式】It makes/made sb.+a d j.感受+that+原因 It is adj.+for sb.+to do s th.(短语)E.g.It is convenient for me to travel by subway.It is adj.+that (句子)E.g.It is beneficial that we keep an English diary.J t does/did sth.+that E.g.It bothers me that he always shouts at people.、【相关运用】I was very nervous.(x)It made me nervous that I had stand on the stage and face the audience.(V)It made me excited that I finally had the chance to visit the theme park.17第八次课形式宾语、强调句型及形容词（2）形式宾语【句式】sb.find it+adj.+to do sth.某人觉得做某事如何E.g.我 发 现 英语很有用。I（主语）find（谓语）English（宾语）really useful（补语）.我发现每天早上读英语很有用。I（主语）find（谓语）reading English every morning（宾语）really useful（补语）.我发现每天早上读英语和练习听力很有用。I（主语）find（谓语）it（形式宾语）really useful（补语）to read English and practice listeningevery morning（真实宾语）.4 You will findjt really helpful to ask people for advice.I findjt enjoyable to watch the festival party.（3）强调句型-强调句子里的某个部分【句式】-It is+强调部分+that/who+剩余部分 注意 基本原 则：动作不能强调、名词或介词短语可以E.g.We held the sports meeting in the school stadium last Friday上周五我们在学校体育馆里举行了运动会。It is last Friday that we held the sports meeting in the school stadium.就是上周五，我们在学校体育馆里举行了运动会。It is in the school stadium that we held the sports meeting last Friday.就是在学校体育馆里,上周五我们举行了运动会。It is the sports meeting that we held in the school stadium last Friday.上周五我们在学校体育馆里就是举行r运动会。It is we who held the sports meeting in the school stadium last Friday.上周五就是我们我们在学校体育馆里举行了运动会。判断规则：去掉it is和that/w ho,句子必须完整要 求：看到it做主语，立刻想到形式主语或强调句型18E.g.It is the volunteer work that gives us more chance to understand people.It is difficult for us to understand people.It is beneficial that we keep an English diary.二、形容词-对于名词进行描述/限制/补充1.描述形容词-描述人/物(1)常用描述形容词 good/great 好 一 bad 坏 same 相 同-different 不同 first首 先-last最后 old 老-young 年轻 old 旧 一 new 新 big 大一 small/little 小 early 早 一 late 晚 high 高-low 低 long 长-short 短 right正 确 一wrong错误 important 重要 another 另一个 next 下一个(2)形容词常见结尾-yangry/hungry/funny/rainy/sunny/crazy/easy/busyempty/happy/heavy/salty/ready/thirsty/spicy/lazy-ful/-lesscolorful/colorless、helpful/helplesscareful/careless useful/uselesshopeful/hopeless-ousdangerous/delicious/famous/jealousnervous/curious/various/ridiculous/anxious(3)形 容 词 常 见 变 化-变 副 词+ly 去 e+ly:全部真正负责的温柔可能简单的可怕 全 部:full-fully whole-wholly 真 正:true-truly负责的：responsible-responsibly 温 柔:gentle-gently 可 能:probable-probably possible-possibly 简单的：simple-simply 可 怕：terrible-terribly、horrible-horribly19“ic”结 尾+ally specific-specifically basic-basically classic-classically automatic-automatically(4)形容词的排序 美小圆旧黄，法国木书房(主观-客观)越贴近事物本来性质的形容词离名词越近E.g.形容词形容词 形 容 词 形 容 词 名 词A beautiful young British girl.A big red apple.2.物主形容词 my、your、his her its our、their 某人的3.指向形容词-this/these 距离近 that/those 距离远4.数量形容词 some、two-a few+可 数 名 词 有 一 些/few+可数名词几乎没有-a little+不可数名词有一些/little+不可数名词 几乎没有-many+可数名词许多-much+不可数名词许多5.冠词 a、an、the6.名词 pet store high school student、math exam20第九次课基本连词and的用法三、基 本 连 接 词“and”1.and可以连接不同位置的词或短语：名/动/形EgMy mother goes to the shop.I go to the shop.=My mother and I go to the shop.I go swimming in the summer.I read books in the summer.=I go swimming and read books in the summer.Our national flag is red.Our national flag is yellow.二 Our national flag is red and yellow.2.and可以进行词或短语的列举：逗号”+and(1)连 接：A and B(2)列 举：A,B,and CE.g.Thank you for your help.=I sincerely appreciate you for your help,support,and encouragement.I get up at 7 o clock in the morning.1I get myself dressed.I brush my teeth.3I have my breakfast.4I go to school by bike.二I，and=I get up at 7 o clock in the morning,get myself dressed,brush my teeth,have my breakfast,andgo to school by bike.The flower is red,blue,purple,pink,and white.3.“and”使用的注意事项(1)连接的两个词/短语-性质必须相似 white and work(x)21 white and black（V）study and work（V）谓 语 a n d 非 谓 语（x）谓 语 an d 谓 语（V）从 句 an d 从 句（V）-时 态 a n d 时 态（V）（2）列举词/短语-必须注意顺序（时间/空间/逻辑）尽量避免用an d 连接两个完整的句子-考虑逻辑关系/主从句E.g.Thank you for your help.=I sincerely appreciate you for your help,support,and encouragement.=I sincerely appreciate you for your encouragement,support,and help.22第十次课英语的句子成分和基本句型练 习 一：判 断“and”连接部分1.My grandfather lives and works in London.并歹动词主语 谓语（地点）状语 一个谓语片一个动词 词 性：名/动/形/副/连/介 成 分：七谓/宾/定/状/补2.My cousins live in Texas and(in)New Mexico,并列名词主语谓语（地点）状语 I have studied English for 3 years and(have)finished several tests.have studied and finished My aim is to obtain a college degree and(to)find an wonderful job.to obtain and find3.My mother cooks simple and difficult Chinese dishes,并列形容词主语 谓语 定语 My mother cooks Chinese dishes.主谓宾simple and difficult 定语定 语 主 语+状 语 谓 语+定 语 宾 语+状 语+补语的 地 的4.My mother and father love each othe very much.并列名词主语 谓语宾语 状语 really=very much 描述状态5.My sister is smart and hard working,并列形容词主 语 谓语 表语,主谓宾：名 词+v+名词主系表：名 词+V+形容词基 本 句 型：名 词+动 词+名词/形容词E.g.I remained calm.我保持冷静。n.+v.+adj.(V)I remained my calmness.我保持冷静 n.+v.+n.(V)23I remained calmly,我平静地保持（x）【理念】如果某个术语只有在语法里存在，在生活里完全不会出现，则该术语对于我没有意义。6.My older brother plays checkers and chess（象棋）.并列名词主语 谓 语 棋牌类活动一 跳棋,Government officials believed that this method could bring aiopjewf09-iuq23u09 qure3jjpioas djfgawepodj aqwiopetf9-niu awt-e09 kj;pOADsfgjvop asjpfoeasw djopiasjdgopfjaps and introducemany usef