高考英语阅读理解分类突破详解.pdf
备战高考英语阅读理解分类专练突破详解人物与故事（限时20分钟）A（2018安徽江淮十校联考）It was dawn of March 21,2O18.Gary Messina was on hismorning run along New York Citys East River.Suddenly something caught his eye a large 60-year-old man balancing on the four-foot-high fence that guarded thepath from the water.As Messina got closer to the scene,the man took a stepforward and slipped into the dark river below.When Messina reached nearer;the man was struggling in the water;clearlyunable to swim.Other joggers also heard the mans cry.David Blauzvern and JohnGreen dropped their phones and keys on land and jumped in.People had calledthe police,but it was unclear when theyd get there:says Green.z,Wejust reacted/1Messina joined them in the river.Just as the jumper was losing strength,Blauzverntook hold of him.The pair were about 30 yards from the seawall when Messina andGreen caught up to him.They seized the man,with Blauzvern supporting his backand Messina and Green holding him up from either side.As the men made their waytoward the concrete seawall that stretched for blocks in each direction,Blauzvernhad an awful realization:there was no way out of the river.By now,a crowd had gathered on land.A rescue boat is on its way someoneyelled to them.Swimming forward was getting tougher by the minute.The jumper;who was six foot two and weighed around 260 pounds,was heavy in his rescuers*arms.After ten minutes,they managed to get to the rivers edge.Ive never been soout of breath says Blauzvern.Fifteen minutes after the men had jumped into the river,the two-man rescueboat appeared.But because it couldnt risk getting too close to the seawall,the menhad to swim out to it 1 was completely out of energy at this point saysBlauzvern.The men in the water pushed the jumper while the men in the boatpulled him up and,finally,to safety.The man they had saved was taken to thehospital for evaluation（评估）.Details on his condition have not been released.As forthe rescuers,each of them was at work by 10:30 a.m.I was a bit late admitsBlauzvern,smiling.But I had a good excuse.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了一场路人勇救落水者的故事。1.The story mainly centers a r o u n d.A.why the old man slipped into the riverB.who saved the old manC.how the old man was rescuedD.when and where the accident happened解 析：选c主旨大意题。本文主要讲述T 立老人落水之后被人救起的过程。2.Who was the third to jump into the water and join in the rescue?A.Gary Messina.B.David Blauzvern.C.John Green.D.An unknown jogger.解 析：选A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的David Blauzvern and John Greendropped their phones and keys on land and jumped in.及“Messina joined them inthe river.可知答案为Ao3.Of the following statements,which one sounds reasonable based on thepassage?A.The rescued man is rather tall and fat.B.Police would never be found on the spot of rescue.C.The process of rescuing the man took up the whole morning.D.The man was actually saved by the two-man rescue boat.解 析：选A推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的The jumper who was six foot twoand weighed around 260 pounds,was heavy in his rescuers arms.”并结合常识可知six foot two 约为 1.88 米;260 pounds 约为 117 kg,故 A 项正确。4.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A.The man wanted to commit suicide in the river.B.The men in the river were all good swimmers.C.The man was taken home immediately he was saved.D.Blauzvern felt at ease even if he was late for work that day.解 析：选D推理判断题。男子是意外落水,且不会游泳，故选项A、B错误。男子被救起后被立即送往医院，故C项错误。救人者Blauzvern那天上班迟到了，但他感到很坦然，因为他做了一件好事，故 选D。B（2019 届高三 郑州质检）A day in the life of 18-year-old David Lanster is full oftypical teenage stuff:school,baseball practice and homework.And then he startscooking.Some nights Im up until 1:00 a.m.making pies,or even later if werecooking beef said the student at Ransom Everglades High School in Florida,US.For the past year,Lanster and Kelly Moran,his classmate,have been hostingfancy dinner parties at Lansters parents*home.Their meals have 17 courses andare all made by themselves.Their guests used to give them gifts to thank them untilthe pair decided to do something nice for charity（慈善事业）.“We got some reallygreat Miami Heat tickets,a nice watch,and many kitchen gadgets（小器具）Lanster said.,zBut we wanted to make this something positive for people other thanus.Lanster and Moran focus on Common Threads,a charity that aims to teach kidsin poor communities to cook and make healthy eating choices.The young cooks asktheir guests to give however much they want as payment for their meals.lt all goesto Common Threads because Lansters parents cover their food costs.After theirlast 12-person event,Lanster and Moran gave D|Sl,600 to the charity.Now,theyre taking their show out of the kitchen and on the road.They havestarted to organize private dinner parties with a similar model:the host pays for theingredients,and the guests make a donation to a charity of their choice.Without formal training,Lanster said he had been interested in cooking sincehe helped his mom in the kitchen when he was very young.He learned how to cookby reading cookbooks and watching TV programs.Outside the kitchen,the two arebusy preparing their college applications.Neither of them is sure what they will doin the future,but theyve promised their parents that they will leave professionalcooking alone until they finish school.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了 Lanster和Kelly Moran组织的慈善捐赠。5.How is Lansters life different from other teenagers lives?A.He plans to become a professional chef.B.He plays baseball every day after school.C.He goes to a cooking school in his spare time.D.He holds dinner parties after a normal school day.解 析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的A day.and homework.And then hestarts cookingw 及 第 二 段 中 的For the past year,Lanster and Kelly Moran,hisclassmate,have been hosting fancy dinner parties at Lansters parents home可 知，Lanster除了上学、练习棒球和做作业之外，他在正常的上学日之后还举办晚餐聚会。6.What will Lanster and Moran usually do after a private dinner party?A.Receive thank-you cards from the guests.B.Visit the poor children at Common Threads.C.Ask the guests to donate money to the charity.D.Cover the food costs with the money collected.解析 选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的The young cooks ask their guests to givehowever much they want as payment for their meals.lt all goes to CommonThreads.gave D|Sl,600 to the charityH 可 知，Lanster 和 Kelly Moran 要求客人为饭菜随意付些钱，他们把这些钱捐给慈善机构。7.Which of the following words can best describe Lanster and Moran?A.Ambitious.B.Generous.C.Creative.D.Optimistic.解 析：选B推理判断题。根据文章的描述可知，Lanster和Kelly Moran做饭并请人们吃饭，把人们留下的饭钱捐赠给慈善组织，所以他们是慷慨的。C（2019 届高三 陕西质检）Late last year,I needed to transport some furniture fromour house to my sons flat in central London.I should have paid a man to do it,butfoolishly confident in my driving ability；I decided to hire a lorry and drive it myself.Moving the lorry backward in my yard,I crashed into a small shed,causingpermanent damage.Fortunately I owned the shed.I loaded up with the furnitureand set out.By now it was rush hour.My nerves broke down,as I drove the hugelorry through the streets nervously.At last I arrived at Charlotte Street and found an available parking space.Imoved the lorry into it only to notice three people at a pavement cafe waving to me.I got out,trembling violently,like one who had just finished a stormy Atlanticcrossing.Youve hit the car parked behind you:they said.I examined the car.There were white scratches on its front face.It bore a disabled sign.So,now I was abad driver and a bad man.Under the severe look of the three,I left an apologeticnote on the damaged cars windscreen；giving my phone number.I unloaded the furniture,dripping the sweat,wanting only to escape from themonster.I drove it back to its base at Edgware.On arrival,the boss told me I mustfill it up with petrol before returning it“Just charge me I cried,still shaking withfear.He stared at me with understanding.No doubt hed witnessed others in thisstate before.How about I drive you to a petrol station,you fill up,and I drive itback?he asked.He danced the great lorry through the traffic so carefully that it would haveshamed me if I had not been so grateful.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。本文通过描述作者因为对自己的驾驶技术有信心而租用卡车自己装运家具而导致了一系列问题，告诉我们：过分自信是愚蠢的。8.The man felt to have delivered the furniture himself.A.grateful B.proudC.confident D.regretful解 析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句I should have paid a man to do it,but foolishly confident in my driving ability,I decided to hire a lorry and drive itm yself可 知，我本应付费让别人装运家具的，但是出于对自己驾车能力的愚蠢的自信,我决定租一辆卡车自己装运。结合下文描述的我停车时撞上别人的车可知，我对决定自己装运家具的事感到后悔，D项 意 为 后悔的，符合语境，故D项正确。9.The man trembled violently b e c a u s e.A.the lorry was too difficult to driveB.he caused a terrible traffic accidentC.he was afraid to see the three peopleD.the furniture was too heavy for him解 析：选A细节理解题。根 据 第 三 段 中 的got out,trembling violently,like onewho had just finished a stormy Atlantic crossing”及第二E殳最后一句My nerves brokedown,as I drove the huge lorry through the streets nervously可 知,由于卡车难以驾 驶，我 十分紧张，故A项正确。10.The man said he was a bad man most probably b e c a u s e.A.he shouldnt have driven the lorry himselfB.he made the traffic accident on purposeC.he shouldnt have caused trouble for the disabledD.he parked the big lorry on the pavement解 析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的There were white scratches on its frontface.It bore a disabled sign.So,now I was a bad driver and a bad man”可 知，由于刮坏了带有残疾人标志的车，这可能会给其带来麻烦，因此我觉得自己是一个坏人，故C项正确。11.The writer intended to suggest t hat.A.it was thrilling to drive a lorryB.being too confident is foolishC.it was hard to avoid accidentsD.the boss was expert in driving解 析：选B推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文的主题句是第一段最后一句I shouldhave paid a man to do it,but foolishly confident in my driving ability,I decided tohire a lorry and drive it myself;结合全文描述的我因为对自己的驾驶技术有信心而租用卡车自己装运家具而导致一系列问题可知，本文旨在说明”过分自信是愚蠢的，故B项正确。阅读理解专练（二）学校与教育（限时20分钟）A（2019 届高三 石家庄质检）1 dropped out of college after my freshman year.Threeyears later,I quit a dead-end job and returned to college.I saw school as my wayout.But I quickly found myself facing the same roadblocks that had caused me toquit before:I was confused about college-level algebra and a heavy workload ofreading and writing assignments.Moreover;I was unsure of my career direction.1was ready to drop out again.Then a smartly-dressed woman walked confidently tothe front of my English composition class.wLook at you!Look at each and every oneof you she said./zYoure here to change your lives for the better.And youre goingto make it f I cant remember the rest of the speech,but it changed the course ofmy college career;and my life.Mrs.Smith didnt know me from any of the other 40 faces in her classroom,butI felt she was speaking directly to me.Having trouble keeping up with the workload?Break it down into small pieces,and set up a schedule that suits you.If collegealgebra is too difficult,drop back to introductory college math.As for Englishcomposition,she gave us writing assignments we could relate to.Go for the best,kids.Youre worth it shed say.I graduated from that college and went on to get my bachelors degrees.Today,as a college instructor;each fall when I stand in front of a new class,I think ofMrs.Smith and how much teachers can affect their students.She couldnt haveknown it when she gave that pep talk,but she made a huge difference to my life.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了对我影响深远的T立老师：Mrs.Smitho1.Why did the author want to quit school again?A.He wanted to return to his former job.B.He decided on his future career.C.The academic pressure seemed unbearable.D.Many changes took place in his life.解 析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的I was confused about college-levelalgebra.I was ready to drop out again可 知，因为学不会大学代数和繁重的读写任务，我想再次退学，因此学业上难以忍受的压力是 我想退学的原因，故 选C。2.How did Mrs.Smith help the author?A.She made him feel relaxed.B.She helped him with algebra.C.She talked to him directly.D.She brought him courage and faith.解 析：选D推理判断题。根据第二至四段的内容尤其是第三段中的G。for the best,kids.Youre worth it和第四段最后一句可知，Smith老师鼓励的话语对我的生活产生了巨大影响，她给我带来了勇气和信心。3.What can we infer about the author?A.He learnt to be a better teacher.B.He didnt finish his college education.C.He became Mrs.Smiths favorite student.D.He didnt understand the writing assignments.解 析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，受 到Smith老师的影响，我 学着去做一个更好的老师。4.What can be the best title for the text?A.Always believe in yourselfB.Never quit before tryingC.Experience is worth valuingD.A lady changed my life in time解 析：选D标题归纳题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段中的think of Mrs.Smithand how much teachers can affect their students.She couldnt have known it whenshe gave that pep talk,but she made a huge difference to my life”可 知，这篇文章主要讲述Smith老师对我的影响，她改变了 我的生活。故D项符合文意。B（2018洛阳二模）It is 6:00 am on the first day of the school year.In CherrybrookTechnology High School,mathematics teacher Eddie Woo is already at work.One of the first things before the first bell rings is to set up his tripod（三脚架）and iPad in the middle of the classroom.This technology is Mr.Woos core tool ofthe trade.Tm Mr.Woo.I record my lessons.I record all of them.In fact,Im about torecord this one he explains to his new maths class.The unique approach to teaching mathematics has not goneunnoticed.Mr.Woo is arguably the most famous teacher in Australia a mathsteacher by day and an internet sensation（轰动）by night.He started posting videos online in 2012 for a student who was sick with cancerand missing a lot of school.Other students in the class then wanted to watchMr.Woos videos on his free YouTube channel and website,so he started sharingthem across the country and beyond.Wootube now boasts more than 38,000subscribers（用户）and has attracted almost 4 million views worldwide.Cherrybrook Technology High School principal Gary Johnson said Mr.Woo washelping address a standing shortage of maths teachers in Australia,and makingmaths popular again.He has an ability to simplify mathematics to a level wherekids can really understand it MrJohnson said.12-year-old student Emily Shakespear said Mr.Woos teaching style mademaths irresistible.I dont want to say itz but he sucked me into maths shesaid.Owen Potter;who attends high school in Cobar;agreed.Its difficult tounderstand how someone in Sydney can influence thousands of people across thewhole country he said.Mr.Woo won the 2017 University of Sydney Young Alumni Award forOutstanding Achievement,and he was one of 12 Australian teachers honored atthe Commonwealth Bank Teaching Awards.语篇解读：Mr.Woo每天早晨六点在教室中央放置三脚架和iPad来录他的课并传至网络。现在他有38 000多名用户，吸引了全世界四百多万观看者。他对教学的贡献得到了认可，因为杰出的成就他获得了 2017年悉尼大学校友奖，也是荣获联邦银行教学奖的12位澳大利亚老师中的一位。5.Eddie Woo set up an iPad in the middle of the classroom with the purpose ofA.listening to music B.playing a videoC.recording his class D.showing pictures解 析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的Tm Mr.Woo.1 record my lessons.Irecord all of them.In fact,Im about to record this one可知 Woo 在教室中央放置 iPad的目的是录他的课。6.What can we infer from the statistics in the fourth paragraph?A.Mr.Woos teaching videos online are very popular.B.Mr.Woo had made a lot of money by selling videos.C.Mr.Woo posted videos online helping many adults.D.Mr.Woo created his Wootube in 2012 in Sydney.解 析：选A 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的Wootube now boasts more than38,000 subscribers（用户）and has attracted almost 4 million views worldwide/7可知Woo老师的在线教学视频很受欢迎。7.According to Gary Johnson,Mr.Woos maths lessons are.A.difficult
