Unit 2 Using language Grammar 高中英语外研版选择性必修第四册.pptx
passive voice被动语态被动语态1.To achieve this,special VR headsets _(design)to allow the users to see in 3D and hear the sound all around them.2.She thought it was ridiculous to _(offer)sympathy by a robot.3.Such traditions during leap month _(keep)for a long time.4.On discovering that Morrie _(weaken)by a severe illness,Mitch starts visiting him at his house on Tuesday.are designed be offered have been keptis being weakened 5.However,with VR we are able to do things that could never _(achieve)in real life.6.A smile shows you are attentive to the issues _(discuss),while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest.be achievedbeing discussed被动语态的构成是：助动词被动语态的构成是：助动词be及物动词的过去分词。及物动词的过去分词。一、注意事项1“be过去分词”并非都是被动语态，系动词be,feel，seem，look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，构成系表结构，表示某种状态。Im interested in mathematics.He seems unsatisfied with his work.2英语中有一些短语常以被动形式呈现，但表示主动意义。She is usually dressed in white.The boy was seated by the window.3“get过去分词”也表被动。We got separated when we entered the hall.4某些情况用主动语态来表示被动含义。(1)read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,cook,lock,shut,dry,等动词，用来说明主语的性质特征而不强调被执行者的动作时，用主动形式表达被动意义，且常与not，hardly，well，easily，badly，nicely等副词连用。The door doesnt _(open)easily.Bikes of that kind _(sell)well.That kind of bikes _ well.opensellsells(2)某些表示“发生”的动词(短语)，如happen,take place，occur，break out，burst out等没有被动语态，但其意义中包含被动概念。The war _(break)out in 1937.Heavy rains _(occur)during a summer monsoon.5不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,wish,cost,agree with,arrive at/in,consist of,succeed in,suffer from,take part in,walk into,belong to等。This key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what has already been heard.broke occurred二、不定式的被动形式动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，还有时态和语态特征。当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。(一)不定式的被动形式的构成形式结构意义一般式to be done和谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动词之后发生完成式to have been done发生在谓语动词之前(二)用法1作主语 Its a pity to be kept in the house in such fine weather.2作宾语 The boy expected to be given an opportunity to try again.3作表语 Her dream is to be sent to study abroad.4作宾语补足语或主语补足语 The captain ordered the flag to be raised.The book is said to have been translated into French.5作定语 There were plans to be made at once.He was the last one to be asked to speak at the meeting.6作状语 His mother left the small village，never to be seen again.We hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left.(三)不定式的主动表被动用法1动词不定式在名词后面作定语时，不定式和名词之间有逻辑动宾关系，同时又和句中另一名词或代词构成逻辑主谓关系，这时要用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。He has a family to support.(to support与family之间是逻辑动宾关系，与he之间是逻辑主谓关系。)2在某些“形容词不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。That question is difficult to answer.微点拨：若句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式要用被动式。(不定式的被动语态作定语，you不是post动作的执行者。)我要去邮局，你有信要寄吗？Ill go to the post office.Do you have a letter to be posted？单句语法填空1They are going to_(send)to work in Tibet for two years.2.I have to go to work by taxi because my car _(repair)at the garage.3Much progress_(make)in China with the help of the peoples hard work.4Nowadays,more new technologies_(apply)in the field of IT.5George returned after the war,only _(tell)that his wife had left himbe sentis being repairedis being made/has been madeare being appliedto be told6I cant stand _(laugh)at.7._(criticize)is an unpleasant experience.being laughedBeing criticized系动词(prove)：后来被发现是；最终显现为=turn out 无被动结构。其后可接“(to be)+adj./prep.phrase”或介词短语作表语。The promotion proved to be a turning point in his career.Robots have proved very useful in the handing of hot or dangerous components.If the new home _(prove)unsuitable,they will return to their shells to wait in a queue.proves在处理热的或危险的部件时
