中考英语首字母填空技巧及练习.pdf

中 考 英 语 首 字 母 填 空 专 项 练 习 题 中 考 主 观 完 形 填 空 解 题 技 巧 主 观 型 完 形 填 空 即 首 字 母 填 空 也 称 为 限 制 型 完 形 填 空。它 的 特 点 是 将 一 篇 文 章 中 若 干 个 同“掏 空”，留 下 该 词 的 首 字 母，它 既 作 为 提 示 又 作 为 限 制，让 我 们 根 据 短 文 的 意 思 把 单 词 拼 写 完 整，使 文 章 连 贯。学 生 们 在 通 读 全 文、掌 握 大 意 的 前 提 下，采 用 先 易 后 难，再 逐 项 填 空 的 应 试 策 略。做 题 时 要 通 过 字 里 行 间 来 捕 捉 信 息，既 要 理 清 逻 辑，又 要 综 合 考 虑，最 后 通 过 复 读 全 文 来 消 除 疏 漏。给 首 字 母 填 空 类 短 文 的 阅 读 题 属 于 能 力 测 试 的 范 畴，它 考 查 的 范 围 极 广，可 以 是 英 语 知 识 的 方 方 面 面，还 可 能 涉 及 其 它 学 科。它 要 求 考 生 在 充 分 理 解 短 文 的 基 础 上 将 单 词 拼 写 出 来，并 且 单 词 形 式 合 理，符 合 语 法 规 范，符 合 短 文 需 要。常 用 的 答 题 技 巧 如 下：1.通 读 短 文 知 大 意，看 整 体 全 面 了 解 与 阅 读 理 解 题 和 其 它 类 型 的 完 形 填 空 一 样，首 先 要 通 读 短 文，了 解 文 章 的 大 意。每 篇 短 文 段 落 之 间 必 然 承 上 启 下、前 呼 后 应。因 此 通 读 全 文 时 要 一 气 呵 成，只 要 能 了 解 短 文 的 大 意 即 可，细 节 不 理 解 可 以 跳 过。因 此，在 解 题 之 前 通 读 一 遍 短 文，目 的 是 对 文 章 有 个 全 面 的 了 解，弄 清 其 中 心 思 想 和 大 意。2.复 读 短 文 抓 信 息，前 后 照 应 巧 猜 词 在 了 解 文 章 大 意 的 前 提 之 下 再 次 通 读 短 文，目 的 是 对 短 文 有 更 进 一 步 的 了 解。在 阅 读 时 要 特 别 注 意 一 篇 文 章 的 开 头（般 不 设 空）和 结 尾，它 们 能 提 供 主 要 的 信 息，帮 助 了 解 全 文 所 描 述 的 事 件 或 文 章 的 中 心 思 想。在 阅 读 过 程 中，要 注 意 上、下 文 的 关 系，这 对 于 把 握 文 章 的 整 体 意 义 大 有 用 处。另 外，要 学 会 跳 读，即 对 不 理 解 的 地 方 采 用 暂 时 回 避 的 方 式，待 真 正 理 解 全 文 之 后 再 找 解 决 的 方 法。有 些 短 文 填 空 题，有 时 出 现 约 3%5%的 生 词 是 很 正 常 的,这 就 要 求 学 生 根 据 构 词 知 识 或 上、下 文 的 意 思 加 以 猜 测，来 确 定 它 的 词 义。3.反 复 推 敲 多 分 析，慎 重 答 题 讲 合 理 再 次 通 读 短 文，对 留 空 的 句 子 进 行 全 面 的 分 析，看 它 在 全 文 中 所 处 的 位 置、作 用 和 意 义。这 一 遍 阅 读 要 求 是 精 心 阅 读，要 留 心 找 出 关 键 词、短 语 或 句 子，还 要 结 合 所 给 首 字 母 的 提 示,进 行 填 写，并 注 意 单 词 的 正 确 形 式。4.认 真 复 查 全 文，把 握 整 体 和 词 形 做 完 以 后，再 认 真 读 一 遍，检 查 所 填 写 的 单 词 是 否 与 文 章 要 求 相 符，文 章 是 否 通 顺，前 后 是 否 呼 应，有 无 句 型 结 构 及 语 法 错 误。从 实 际 中 看，很 多 学 生 能 够 充 分 利 用 词 首 字 母 和 短 文 内 容 填 写 单 词，但 是，问 题 往 往 出 现 在 单 词 的 形 式 变 化 上。比 如 填 q，要 求 填 写 quickly,而 多 数 考 生 只 知 道 填 写 quick,忽 略 了 词 性 问 题。因 此，深 思 熟 虑 很 重 要。Do you know Sweden（瑞 典）？It 1 1 in the north of Europe.It is thefourth largest country in Europe with an a 2 of 450,000 squarekilometers and the population of about 8.5 million.Over one third ofthem live in the three largest cities,namely Stockholm,Goteborg andMalmo.More than half of Sweden is c 3 with trees.It is one of ther 4 countries in the world.About 100 years ago Sweden becameindustrialized（工 业 化）.Today less than one third of the people arej5.Sweden is the country where the famous Nobel Prizes are awarded.Many people who have been to Stockholm,the c 6 of Sweden,must have visited the places where Nobel Prizes are awarded.The first language of Sweden is Swedish.English is the first f 7language in schools.Many middle-school students can s 8 two tothree languages.Most of the Swedish people,men and women,o 9and young,can speak English.So there is no p 10 to speak with them inEnglish.I still remember visiting Moscow.It is the capital of Russia,the bl_country in the world.I went there w 2 my parents when I was eightyears old.I lived and studied there for one year,I had some happymemories.One of the most interesting things of that city was that t 3 weremany dogs.Perhaps Russians 1 4 dogs very much.You can see dogshere and there.Almost each of the families had a dog.I made friends withmany Russian children w 5 I was living and studying there.They wereall very nice.They had fair hair and fair skin.I played with them h 6though I could only speak a little Russian at first.They were f 7 to me.The weather in Moscow was very cold.It snowed almost every in winter.The ground was always c 8 with a lot of snow.We often made s 9together.Now I am b 10 in China,but I miss them so much.I will neverforget my happy memories of this visit to Moscow.These years,with the development of society,more and moreteenagers have suffered from stress.Some of the problems can makethem feel very w 1 and unhappy all day.Who can help them?A teacherfrom a college tried his best to help them.He thought of a lot of w 2 tohelp them.On Monday and Thursday,you can v 3 him.Here are someideas how to keep the young men healthier in every way.F 4,it is very important to keep healthy.To get e_5 sleep every dayis also necessary.Try to have a healthy d_6.Secondly,maybe you are notthe top students.It doesn t m 7.The most important thing is to workhard.If you try your best,your teachers and parents will understand you.If you have some problems,you should be a_8 to talk with your teachersand parents.They can help you.Remember to s 9 your happiness and s 10with your good friends.Sometimes you can go out for a walk.In a word,you can try to make you happy by yourselves.V m sureyou can be happy every day.四 Before windows were used,old h 1 in Europe（欧 洲）and Britainwere very dark.Their great rooms were high w 2 only one hole in theroof（屋 顶）to let the smoke o 3 from cooking fire.Later,people began tomake the holes b_4 to have more light and air in their homes.The firstEnglish window was j 5 a small opening（口，孔）in the wall.It was cutlong to let in as m 6 light as possible,and narrow to keep out the bad w7.But,more wind than light would c 8 in if the window was cut long.This is why it was c 9 u The wincf s eyev.And the word w 10 comesform two ancient（古 代 的）words for wind and eye.五 Thirty years ago,I walked into your bakery and asked for someloaves（条）of bread to sell.At that time,I was 12 years old.A young ladys 1 me that day.She gave me five loaves and wished me good 1 2.I took the loaves and went out to sell them.It t 3 me all day,but Isold them all.At the e 4 of the day,I had some money.I was the h 5boy in the world as I walked home that evening.The next day,I went to a bicycle shop.I paid a deposit（定 金）on anew bicycle.And then I started my next j 6 as a newspaper deliveryOboy.Soon I c 7 pay the rest of the money for the bicycle and the bikewas mine.I was so proud of m 8!Today I still work in the delivery business.I have a lot of trucks tosend goods all over the country.I live in a beautiful house,but I don tride a bicycle these days.I drive a large nice car.I don t know e 9 that young lady was.But b 10 she gave me thestart,I have become a successful man.I d like to show my thanks to her.六 Long ago,people used bells more t 1 they do today.The postmenused to ring a hand bell when they delivered letters.Fire engines had bellI 2 of sirens（号 笛）.People who sold things came past houses,ringing abell and shouting w 3 was for sale.Every village had its church bell tolet people know it was t 4 to go to church.At night,this bell wasringing so that travelers would find the village in the d 5.In mostcountries bells were hung r 6 the necks of animals.The bells helpedowners to find lost cows or sheep.Today,in India,animals still wearbells.Now bells are used 1 7 and less,Buzzers,sirens and horns have L_8 their place.Now people try to keep the old bells in school andchurches so t 9 they will not 1 10 their beautiful sounds for ever.七Life gets noisier every day and very f 1 people can be free fromnoise of some kind or another.W 2 you live in the centre of a modemcity or a village far away-the chances that you will be disturbed byplanes,cars,radios,etc.are almost everywhere.We seem to be used tonoise,too.Some people feel quite lonely w 3 background music whilethey are working.Tests have s 4 that total silence can be very frighteningexperiences.H 5,some people enjoy listening to pop music which isvery loud,and this can do harm to their ears.The noise level in someplaces is far a 6 the usual safety level for heavy industrial areas.One recent report about noise said that a 7 a lot of people say thatany noise disturbs their attention,only a sudden c 8 in the level of noisereally affects peoples attention.It goes on to say that a background noise,which doesn t change too much(music,for example)may even helppeople to pay attention.People are testing ways to make less noise.There are even laws c_9_noise.We can t r 10 to the“good old days“of peace and quiet.But we can make less noise-if we shout loudly enough about it八 There are t 1 many accidents in cities.Accidents often happenwhen people c 2 the roads or streets.Read the passage c 3 and learn tobe careful later on.Be careful when it is r 4.Many accidents happen onrainy days.People are in a h 5 because they don t want to get w 6.Theyoften cross the roads quickly.Often they cant see c 7 as they hold theirumbrellas in front of 8.Remember that cars take 1 9 time to stop whenthe roads are wet.When it is raining,we must be more and more careful,not 1 10 careful.九 Most American families are smaller than the families in other c 1.Children in the US will 1 2 their parents homes.When they grow up,they usually live f 3 from their parents because they want to f 4 goodjobs.They often w 5 to their parents or telephone them.And they oftengo to v 6 their parents on holiday.Parents usually let their childrenchoose their o 7 jobs.Americans think it I 8 for young people todecide on their lives by themselves.Children are asked to do some workaround their houses.And in many families,Children are p 9 for doingsome housework so that they can learn h 10 to make money for theirown use.十 Someone says:Time is money,“but I think time is e 1 moreimportant than money.Why?Because when money is spent,we can get itback.However,when time is g 2,it will never r 3.That s why wemustn t waste time.It goes without saying that the t 4 is usuallylimited（有 限 的）.Even a second is very important.We should make fulluse of our time to do s 5 useful.But it is a pity that there are a lot ofpeople who do not know the I 6 of time.They spent their limited timesmoking,drinking and p 7.They do not know that wasting timemeans wasting part of their own 1 8.In a word,we should save time.Weshouldn t 1 9 today,s work for tomorrow.Remember we haven 10 time to lose.H-Andy was born in China 15 years ago.In 2005,she m 1 to theUSA with her family.As a high school student,she has found manydifferences b 2 Chinese and Americans：About money1)Americans like to spend m 3 than they have,so many of themare always in debt(欠 债).But Chinese usually spend less than they have,so many Of them always have m 4 left in the bank.2)The American kids themselves make their own money.MostChinese kids always a 5 their parents for money.3)Many American parents think there is n 6 need to send theirchildren tO an expensive university.Its different in China.Many Chineseparents would do anything to send their children to expensive universitiest 7 their family isn t rich enough.About school1)Many American girls take part in sports,dancing and singinggroups while many Chinese girls take part in study groups.2)Many American students think that B is good while manyChinese students think that B is too b 8.About friendsMost American parents let their sons or daughters make friends byt 9.They never ask them about their friends while Chinese parentsusually enjoy knowing more about their children s friends i 10 manydifferent ways,and usually stop them from staying out too late withfriends.十 二 Do you have bright ideas?Ideas for inventions that c 1 the worldor,at least,make life easier for somebody.P 2 we all do sometimes,butwe don t often make the idea a real thing.Recently,there was acompetition in a country,which e 3 young people to make their brightideas come true.There were t 4 groups in the contest:Group A wasfor school children under 16;Group B was for those o 5 1 6.Andthere were eleven prize-winners altogether.Neil Hunt,one of the prize-winners,was c_6 Sunshine Superman”by one newspaper writing about his design.When people study theweather,it s important to be able to record the sunshine accurately(准 确 地，精 确 地).We need to know how many h 7 of sunshine we have andhow strong it is.Most sunshine recorders o 8 record direct（直 接 的）sunshine.Neil s is more accurate and this is very i 9 for research intoways of using solar power（太 阳 能）.Neil plans to keep inventing.The ideas in the competition were so g 10 that we are surprisedthat the industry（工 业 界）doesn t ask more school children forsuggestions.十 三 British teenagers can leave school at sixteen after taking their GCSEexams.They study for exams in as many as ten subjects,sj_ they have towork pretty hard!Today s teens spend more time doing their homeworkthan any teenagers in the past,for 2.5-3 hours every evening.Free TimeIt s not all work,of course.What do British teenagers do to havef 3?They love watching TV,going out,meeting friends in Internet cafesand listening to music.CommunicationsIn addition to the Internet,teenagers in Britain use their computers toplay games and do their homework.They a4 love their mobile phones,and spend hours texting（发 短 信）their friends and chatting.Today,phones are getting smaller and lighter and you can do a lot more w 5them than just talk.Text messaging has b_6 the coolest and most popularway to communicate.More than 90%of 12-to 16-year-olds have amobile,and experts say that this stops t 7 from spending their money onsweets and cigarettes.Fashion（服 饰）At school,almost all British teenagers have to w 8 a school uniform.However,in their free19 they can wear whatever they like,and what they like is designernames such as Nike,Diesel and Paul Smith.In fact,40%of British teenssay that they think it is important to have the latest fashion.Looking gooddoesn t come c 10,but many teenagers think it usual or easy to spendmore than 100 on one item of clothing.十 四 My nine-year-old daughter,Maria,is in Year Four.Every eveningwe get into hj.battles（争 执）.Three afternoons a week,she has a 2（net-ball,singing）after school and by the time we get home,homework isthe1 3 thing she feels like doing.The other two days,she gets homeearly and we argue（争 论）about w 4 she should do her homework r_ 5after school,or if she should have some time to rest and play f_6 WhenMaria at last sits down to do her homework,she seems to want me therehelping all the time.I do want to help her,but Im sJ7 that she is going toneed to be able to do it on her o_8 And in f 9,most of the time,I haveother things I need to be doing.It seems that children these days havemuch more homework than we did,and some of it is really beyond（超 越）their a 10.As you can see,Im really worried about homework and Ireally don t know what I should do.Any ideas?十 五 When you finish high school or university,is learning done?Theanswer is no”.In many countries,people continue learning all theirlives.Why is lifelong（终 身 的 learning important?How can it help you?Let s look at one ej.of lifelong learning in Japan.You go to school and learn.You study.You take tests B2.learningdoesn t only happen in school.Learning doesn t when you graduatefrom high school or college.You are learning all the time.For example,learning can h4 when you go to a museum.It cana 5 happen when you get a job.You learn when you E_ 6 a sport orwhen you take a trip.Learning is 1 7!We never stop learning.Every dayyou can improve yourself by learning something n_8.In Japan,lifelong learning is very important.People in Japan like totry new learning a_9.Music,calligraphy（书 法）and foreign languagesare some of their f 10 classes.Japanese take classes to improve their skillsand learn new things.When we graduate from school,we can co