2023年高考英语二轮复习教案阅读理解02推理判断无答案.pdf

【高 频 考 点 解 密】2023年 高 考 英 语 二 轮 复 习 讲 义 阅 读 理 解 解 密 0 2 推 理 判 断 的 复 习 要 点【构 建 知 识 体 系】推 理 判 断 题 考 点 1 引 申 推 断 题 考 点 2 文 章 来 源 题 考 点 3 读 者 对 象 题 考 点 4 观 点 态 度 题 考 点 5 预 测 推 断 题 考 点 6 目 的 意 图 题【英 语 学 科 素 养 解 读】题 型 解 读 命 题 要 求 素 养 解 读 要 求 考 生 阅 读 4 篇 短 主 旨 大 意 题 包 括 精 确 归 纳 标 题、概 括 文 章 大 意 文，从 每 题 所 给 的 4 个 选 考 查 和 总 结 段 落 大 意，主 要 考 查 考 生 能 否 分 辨 主 题 和 细 项 中 选 出 最 佳 选 项。题 材 主 旨 大 意、节，是 否 具 备 提 纲 挈 领 的 能 力，也 就 是 能 否 在 理 解 广 泛，包 括 科 普、社 会、细 节 理 解、全 文 的 基 础 上 运 用 概 括、判 断、归 纳、推 理 等 逻 辑 文 化、政 治、经 济 等 多 方 推 理 判 断、方 法 对 文 章 进 行 高 度 概 括 和 总 结，做 这 类 题 目 时 要 面 内 容。体 裁 多 样，以 记 词 义 猜 测、高 瞻 远 瞩，不 可 以 以 偏 概 全。叙 文、议 论 文、说 明 文 为 篇 章 结 构 主。等.【剖 析 全 国 高 考 真 题】预 测 高 考 命 题 方 向 2023年 命 题 解 读 和 近 年 考 点 再 现 推 理 判 断 题 考 点 1 引 申 推 断 题 1.D【2022 新 高 考 I 卷】Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds,from the common m and a tothe rare clicks of some southern African languages.But why are certain sounds more commonthan others?A ground-breaking,five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite ledto new speech sounds that are now found in half the worlds languages.More than 30 years ago,the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds calledlabiodentals,such as F and v”,were more common in the languages of societies that ate softerfoods.Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich,Switzerland,has found how and why this trend arose.They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned（对 齐）,making it hard to produce labiodentals,which are fanned by touching the lower lip to theupper teeth.Later,our jaws changed to an overbite structure（结 构），making it easier to producesuch sounds.The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculturein the Neolithic period.Food became easier to chew at this point.The jawbone didnt have to doas much work and so didnt grow to be so large.Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the soundof world languages after the Neolithic age,with the use of f and4 V9 increasing remarkablyduring the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the languages of manyhunter-gatherer people today.This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present whenhuman beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.The set of speech sounds we use has notnecessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings,but rather the huge variety ofspeech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biologicalchange and cultural evolution,4 4 said Steven Moran,a member of the research team.15.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?A.It is key to effective communication.B.It contributes much to culturaldiversity.C.It is a complex and dynamic system.D.It drives the evolution of humanbeings.2.B【2021 英 语 全 国 甲 卷】Port Lympne Reserve,which runs a breeding（繁 育）programme,has welcomed the arrival ofa rare black rhino calf（犀 牛 幼 崽）.When the tiny creature arrived on January 31,she became the40th black rhino to be born at the reserve.And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with thenew arrival,especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity（圈 养）.Paul Beer,head of rhino section at Port Lympne,said:Obviously were all absolutelydelighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family.Shes healthy,strong and alreadyeager to play and explore.Her mother,Solio,is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job.Its still a little too cold for them to go out into the open,but as soon as the weather wanns up,Ihave no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve,but it is tooearly to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.The first rhino to be bom at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima andweighed about 32kg.His mother,grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserveand still live there.According to the World Wildlife Fund,the global black rhino population has dropped as lowas 5500,giving the rhinos a“critically endangered status.7.What can be inferred about Pom Lympne Reserve?A.The rhino section will be open to the public.B.It aims to control the number of the animals.C.It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.D.Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.3.C【2021 英 语 全 国 甲 卷】When I was 9,we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow,London on agray January morning.Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me.Without mybeloved beaches and endless blue-sky days,I felt at a loss and out of place.Until I made adiscovery.Southbank,at an eastern bend in the Thames,is the center of British skateboarding,where thecontinuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.1 loved it.I soon made friends with thelocal skaters.We spoke our own language.And my favorite:Safe.Safe meant cool.It meant hello.It meant dont worry about it.Once,when trying a certain trick on the beam（横 杆），I fell onto thestones,damaging a nerve in my hand,and Toby came over,helping me up:Safe,man.Safe.A fewminutes later,when I landed the trick,my friends beat their boards loud,shouting:Safe!Safe!Safe!And thafs what matteredlanding tricks,being a good skater.When I was 15,my family moved to Washington.I tried skateboarding there,but the localswere far less welcoming.Within a couple of years,Fd given it up.When I returned to London in 2004,1 found myself wandering down to Southbank,spendinghours there.Tve traveled back several times since,most recently this past spring.The day wascold but clear:tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters.Weaving（穿 梭）among thekids who rushed by on their boards,I found my way to the beam.Then a rail-thin teenager,in abaggy white Tshirt,skidded（滑）up to the beam.He sat next to me.He seemed not to notice theman next to him.But soon I caught a few of his glances.4I was a local here 20 years ago,“I toldhim.Then,slowly,he began to nod his head.Safe,man.Safe.“Yeah,“I said.Safe.”8.What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?A.He felt disappointed.B.He gave up his hobby.C.He liked the weather there.D.He had disagreements with his family.4.D【2021 英 语 全 国 甲 卷】Who is a genius?This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Lefs state clearly:Einstein was a genius.His face is almost the international symbol forgenius.But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself.Why is it thatsome people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us?And who are they?In the sciences and arts,those praised as geniuses were most often white men,of Europeanorigin.Perhaps this is not a surprise.Ifs said that history is written by the victors,and thosevictors set the standards for admission to the genius club.When contributions were made bygeniuses outside the club-women,or people of a different color or belief-they wereunacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six,girls are less likely thanboys to say that members of their gender（性 别）are really,really smart.Even worse,the studyfound that girls act on that belief:Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be forchildren who are“really,really smart.,Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers becomediscouraged and give up?It doesnt take a genius to know the answer:absolutely not.Here*s the good news,in a wired world with constant global communication,were allpositioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.And the more we look,the more we willsee that social factors（因 素）like gender,race,and class do not detennine the appearance of genius.As a writer says,future geniuses come from those with intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅 力）,and simple good fortune,who are able to change the world.”13.What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?A.They think themselves smart.B.They look up to great thinkers.C.They see gender differences earlier than boys.D.They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs5.B【2021 全 国 高 考 乙 卷】When almost everyone has a mobile phone,why are more than half of Australian homes stillpaying for a landline（座 机）?These days youd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesntown a mobile phone.In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket.Practically everyonecan make and receive calls anywhere,anytime.Still,55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter（29%）rely only on their smartphones according to a survey（调 查）.Of those Australians whostill have a landline,a third concede that its not really necessary and theyre keeping it as asecurity blanket 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case ofemergencies.I think my home falls into that category.More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone.Age isnaturally a factor（因 素）一 only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then,compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers whove perhaps had the same home number for 50years.Age isnt the only factor;Id say its also to do with the makeup of your household.Generation Xers with young families,like my wife and I,can still find it convenient to have ahome phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member.That said,to behonest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents,to the pointwhere we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone（using Caller IDwould take the fun out of it）.How attached are you to your landline?How long until they go the way of gas street lampsand morning milk deliveries?27.What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?A.It remains a family necessity.B.It will fall out of use some day.C.It may increase daily expenses.D.It is as important as the gas light.6.D【2021全 国 高 考 乙 卷】During an interview for one of my books,my interviewer said something I still think aboutoften.Annoyed by the level of distraction（干 扰）in his open office,he said,Thats why I have amembership at the co-working space across the street so I can fbcus.His comment struck meas strange.After all,co-working spaces also typically use an open office layout（布 局）.But Irecently came across a study that shows why his approach works.The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests ofcreative thinking.They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noiselevels in the background,from total silence to 50 decibels（分 贝）,70 decibels,and 85 decibels.The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant;however,theparticipants in the 70 decibels group-those exposed to a level of noise similar to backgroundchatter in a coffee shop significantly outperfonned the other groups.Since the effects weresmall,this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to totalsilence and 85 decibels of background noise.But since the results at 70 decibels were significant,the study also suggests that the rightlevel of background noise not too loud and not total silence may actually improve onescreative thinking ability.The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns ofthinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander,without making it impossible to focus.This kind of distracted fbcus appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.So why do so many of us hate our open offices?The problem may be that,in our offices,wecant stop ourselves from getting drawn into others*conversations while were trying to focus.Indeed,the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creativeprocess,and yet a co-working space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while alsoproviding freedom from interruptions.35.What can we infer about the author from the text?A.Hes a news reporter.B.Hes an office manager.C.Hes a professional designer.D.Hes a published writer.7.C【2021全 国 新 高 考 I 卷】When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America,the skies and landswere alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans had taken care of theseprecious natural resources wisely.Unfortunately,it took the explorers and the settlers whofollowed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.Millions of waterfowl（水 禽）were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,greatlyreducing waterfowl habitat.In 1934,with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act（Act）,an increasinglyconcerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory（迁 徙 的）waterfowl andthe wetlands so vital to their survival.Under this Act,all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age andover must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.The very first Federal Duck Stampwas designed by J.N.Ding Darling,a political cartoonist from Des Moines,Iowa,who at thattime was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of BiologicalSurvey.Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory BirdConservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fbr inclusion into the NationalWildlife Refuge System-a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available fbr allgenerations to come.Since 1934,better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund topurchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program hasbeen called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.29130.What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?A.The stamp price has gone down.B.The migratory birds have flown away.C.The hunters have stopped hunting.D.The government has collected money.8.B【2020 全 国 新 高 考 n 山 东 卷】Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goalof earning a nursing degree.That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University ofWisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelors degree.Mauer,of Edgar,Wisconsin,grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children.Her dad worked ata job away from the farm,and her mother ran the fann with the kids.After high school,Jenniferattended a local technical college,working to pay her tuition（学 费）,because there was no extramoney set aside for a college education.After graduation,she worked to help her sisters andbrothers pay for their schooling.Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own.She decided to go back to collegeto advance her c