2022-2023学年北京市顺义区第一中学高一上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版）.docx

顺义一中20222023学年度第一学期高一年级期中考试英语试卷第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳答案，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。In 2020, 13-year-old Adcola Olagbegi caught a rare illness, and had a successful operation. 1, Adeola is now out of hospital. While he was recovering, he found out that he was qualified for a(n) 2 to ask for a dream wish from Make-A-Wish Foundation. While many teens would choose a Disney trip or meet a favourite figure,Adcola 3 chose to feed the homeless.The Make-A-Wish Foundation is famous for brightening the lives of children4 illnesses by realizing their wishes. A wish always includes having something or going somewhere. However, Adcola's wish to give cameas a5 to the organization, as Adcola's generous wish was the first of its kind in the organization's 35-yearhistory.“When he so easily offers to help others, you just have to say, that's a(n)kind young man J said Linda, an official of the organization. She was 6 with the teen's kindness and sense of 7Adcola thinks his past experiences volunteering with his family in their community are what 8 him to make the giving wish. When deciding what to do with the unexpected chance, the one thing that was the mostimportant to him was that his wish had a long-lasting 9“My mum always says it's lucky to be someone10, so I just wanted to do something for otherpeople to make it last longer,Adcola explained.1. A. Hopefully2. A. opportunity3. A. anyway4. A. taking on5. A. pleasure6. A. confused7. A. honour8. A. inspire9. A. memoryB. NaturallyC. FranklyD. ThankfullyB. interviewC. goalD. promiseB. thereforeC. insteadD. moreoverB. suffering fromC. looking throughD. getting offB. successC. disappointmentD. surpriseB. affectedC. impressedD. strictB. humourC. reliefD. responsibilityB. forceC. permitD. remindB. faithC. impactD. appreciation据倒数第二段中的"Every year Hill holds a dance camp called the Rollettes Experience fbr wheelchair users to help them bring out their acting talent.”可知，希尔每年都为坐轮椅的人举办一个名为Rollettes Experience的舞 蹈夏令营，帮助他们发挥表演才能，这两点说明她非常鼓舞人心，故C项正确。【点睛】涉及到人物性格特点的推理判断题难度较大，抓住文中人物的语言、动作或事迹是关键，因为这 些细节描写最能体现出人物的性格特点，例如本篇第4题，根据第一段中的“But for Hill, it was the beginning. Far from being a barrier, her wheelchair encouraged her to fight. "I want to prove to everyone including myself that Pm still normal,4,9 she said, "whatever normal means.""可知I,对希尔来说，这只是个开始，她的轮椅非但不是障 碍，反而激励她与身体残疾斗争，她说：“我想向包括我自己在内的所有人证明，我仍然是正常人，不管正 常意味着什么”,根据第二段中的"Half of her body was taken away from her, so she had to move it with her hands. It took much learning and patience.”可知，希尔下肢瘫痪，所以她不得不用手移动轮椅来跳舞，这需要很多的 学习和耐心，这两点说明希尔的意志很坚定；再根据第三段中的“To reach more people in a larger city, Hill moved to Los Angeles in 2014 and formed a team of dancers with disabilities she called the Rollettes.”可矢口， 为 了 在更大城市接触到更多的人（为了激励更多和她一样的人），希尔于2014年搬到了洛杉矶并组建了一个名 为“Rollettes”的残疾人舞蹈团，根据倒数第二段中的“Every year Hill holds a dance camp called the Rollettes Experience for wheelchair users to help them bring out their acting talent.”可知，希尔每年都为坐轮椅的人举办 一个名为Rollettes Experience的舞蹈夏令营，帮助他们发挥表演才能，这两点说明她非常鼓舞人心，由此可 知，希尔的一直非常坚定，而且还非常鼓舞人心，故C项正确。CElectric CarsWhere do cars get their energy from? For most cars, the answer is petrol. But some cars use electricity. These cars have special motors that get their power from large batteries.Most people tend to think of electric cars as a new invention, but they have been around for a long time. They were popular when the technology for petrol engines was not very advanced. Recently, electric cars have again become popular because people want cars that pollute less.Electric cars are better than petrol cars in several ways. The biggest benefit is reduced pollution. In areas where there is a high percentage of electric cars, there is less pollution. But it is important to understand that electric cars still cause pollution. Remember that the electricity to power electric cars has to come from somewhere, which is most likely a power station. Unless these power stations run on solar or wind energy, they are most likely burning coal and oil to make electricity. The second benefit of electric cars is a reduction in the dependence on foreign oil.There are several countries, including the United States, which don't want to rely on oil coming from other countries to power their transportation systems. They want the power to come from within their country, and since electric cars can run on electricity from coal or nuclear power stations, there is less of a need to import oil.Despite the benefits of electric cars, there are some problems with them as well. One disadvantage is that electric cars are more expensive than petrol cars. This is mostly due to the high cost of the batteries these cars need. Electric cars run on batteries Just like a mobile phone does. But unlike a mobile phone, you cannot charge your electric car's battery by plugging it into a wall. They need to be charged in special places. Now, there is a lack of places where people can charge the batteries. Another problem is that electric cars cannot travel as far as petrol cars. Some people are afraid that the battery will run out of electricity (and the car will stop) before they reach their destination.Despite these problems, many people, including automobile industry experts, believe that the percentage of electric cars will increase in the future.27. What's the main idea of Paragraph 3?A. Electric cars make some countries independent.B. Electric cars cause no pollution to the environment.C. Electric cars have some advantages over petrol cars.D. Electric cars need electricity from solar or wind energy.28. Which of the following is not mentioned as the shortcomings of electric cars?A. Electric cars need special motors to get power.B. Petrol cars are cheaper than electric cars.C. Petrol cars can travel farther than electric cars.D. Electric cars need special places to get charged.29. We can infer from the passage that.A. electric cars will take the place of petrol carsB. no one holds hope for electric cars at presentC. electric cars waste more energy than beforeD. more and more people will use electric cars【答案】27. C 28. A 29. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述电动车的优缺点及前景。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段 uElectric cars are better than petrol cars in several ways. The biggest benefit is reduced pollution. In areas where there is a high percentage of electric cars, there is less pollution. But it is important to understand that electric cars still cause pollution. Remember that the electricity to power electric cars has to come from somewhere, which is most likely a power station. Unless these power stations run on solar or wind energy, they are most likely burning coal and oil to make electricity. The second benefit of electric cars is a reduction in the dependence on foreign oil.（电动车在几个方面都比汽油车更好。最大的好处是减少污染。在电动车比例较高 的地区，污染较少。但重要的是要了解电动车仍然会造成污染。请记住，为电动车供电的电力必须来自某 个地方，这很可能是一个发电站。除非这些发电站使用太阳能或风能，否则它们很可能燃烧煤炭和石油来 发电。电动车的第二个好处是减少了对外国石油的依赖。）”可知，第三段主要介绍与汽油车相比，电动车 的优点。故选C。28题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段 u Despite the benefits of electric cars, there are some problems with them as well. One disadvantage is that electric cars are more expensive than petrol cars. This is mostly due to the high cost of the batteries these cars need. Electric cars run on batteries, just like a mobile phone does. But unlike a mobile phone, you cannot charge your electric car's battery by plugging it into a wall. They need to be charged in special places. Now, there is a lack of places where people can charge the batteries. Another problem is that electric cars cannot travel as far as petrol cars. Some people are afraid that the battery will run out of electricity （and the car will stop） before they reach their destination.（尽管电动车有好处，但它们也存在一些问题。一个缺点是电动车比汽油车贵。这主要 是由于这些车所需的电池成本很高。电动车使用电池运行，就像手机一样。但与手机不同的是，你不能通 过将电动汽车的电池插入墙壁来为其充电。它们需要在特殊的地方充电。现在，人们缺乏可以为电池充电 的地方。另一个问题是电动汽车不能像汽油车那样行驶得那么远。有些人担心电池在到达目的地之前会耗 尽电量。）”可知，汽油车比电动车更便宜，行驶得更远。电动车需要在特定的地方充电。文章并未提及电 动车需要特殊的电机来获得动力，A项错误，故选A。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据最后段 u Despite these problems, many people, including automobile industry experts, believe that the percentage of electric cars will increase in the future.（尽管存在这些问题，但包括汽车行业专家在内的 许多人认为，未来电动汽车的比例将会增加。）”可知，专家认为电动车的市场占比会增加。故推知未来会 有更多人使用电动车，故选D。DBasically, without the possibility of failure, there is little possibility of success. Education is in danger of becoming a branch of the entertainment industry. Although education should indeed be entertaining where possible, it cannot always be fun. Often, it needs the nhard yards*.Some educationalists feel that if something causes worry it should be avoided at all costs, I would disagree.Facing up to challenges helps develop children. Avoiding challenges can severely limit their potential. Tougher children are able to try and fail. The less tough may simply fail to try anything new.I'm not advocating putting children under pressure. The real debate is perhaps what pressures are unavoidable. It's not about "throwing children into the deep end", but rather encouraging them to put their foot in the water and giving them the skills to float.This latter approach is basically the work I and my team do at the University of Hull. We measure mental toughness and then provide interventions to improve this. These interventions include psychological skills such as goal setting, relaxation and thought control. So, for example, many children will say: "What happens if it goes wrong?” We work hard to change this so that the sentence reads: nWhat happens if it goes right?1' One word difference, but a world away when thinking about challenges.We try to help children deal more effectively with life using a three-step approach. Firstly, it is important to set realistic and achievable goals. Then it is a matter of finding out what factors （因 素）are helping children to achieve these goals and what factors are working against this. The final step is to discover which of these factors can be controlled, or at least influenced, and what factors the child is in reality stuck with. Redirecting children's energies to movable obstacles （障碍）can produce huge life changes.However, I think that for most of us we have become stress averse （反对的）and overreact to it. It has always been there, and it has always been the case that some people enjoy it, some need help to deal with it and some people's lives are ruined by it.Showing our children that stress can be faced with and beaten offers them a way forward. The more a fear is avoided, the bigger it gets.30. From the passage, we know the writer believes.A. education needs challengesB. education should always be funC. children should avoid facing challengesD. the more challenges, the better for the children31. The writer disagreed with some educationalists because.A. some children are less toughB. some pressures are avoidableC. some challenges do good to childrenD. some children are unaware of their potential32. What do the writer and his team do at the University of Hull?A. Record what the children do in stressful situations.B. Make the children tougher mentally and physically.C. Put the children under pressure by giving them challenges.D. Give the children challenges and suggest suitable approaches.33. What is the correct attitude towards stress according to the writer?A. We should try our best to avoid stress.B. We should love stress because stress is unavoidable.C. We should put ourselves to the test in stressful situations.D. We should experience stress and learn skills to deal with it.【答案】30.A31. C 32. D 33. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述教育现在面临很多的挑战，这些挑战既有好处又有弊端。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句Facing up to challenges helps develop children.可知，面对挑战有利于使孩子 们成长，即作者认为教育需要挑战。故选A。31题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 Some educationalists feel that if something causes worry it should be avoided at all costs, I would disagreed一些教育学家认为，如果某件事引起了担忧，就应该不惜一切代价避免，我不同意这 种看法）以及第二段第三句Facing up to challenges helps develop children.（面对挑战有助于孩子的成长）可知， 作者不同意一些教育专家的意见，因为他认为面对挑战对孩子们的发展有好处，故选C。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句encouraging them to put their foot in the water and giving them the skills to float提到，作者的方法是鼓励孩子们踏入水中，然后教给他们漂浮的技巧，言下之意是通过让他们去面临 挑战来教给他们合适的应对挑战的方法。而第四段开头提到，这种方法正是基于在Hull大学的实验，随后 具体介绍了实验的内容，故D选项“给孩子们挑战，并建议适当的方法”符合文意。故选D。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据最后段第句 Showing our children that stress can be faced with and beaten offers them a way forward.（让我们的孩子知道压力是可以面对和战胜的，这为他们提供了前进的道路）可推知，作者认为对待压力的正确态度是应该去经历压力然后学会解决方法，故选Do【点睛】态度、观点及感受类推理判断题。高考阅读理解题中有些题目考查考生对文章作者的思想、人物 性格倾向等方面的理解。对于判断情感态度类题目，考生需要分析段落大意、作者的思路，理解了文章的 段落大意、中心思想后，才能判断出作者的情感态度。学会辨别清楚文章的体裁。如第四小题，根据最后 一段第一句 Showing our children that stress can be faced with and beaten offers them a way forward.（让我的孩 子知道压力是可以面对和战胜的，这为他们提供了前进的道路）可推知，作者认为对待压力的正确态度是应 该去经历压力然后学会解决方法，故选D。第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两处为多余选项。Are you truly happy? Do you ever know what it means to be happy and what it takes to achieve happiness ?34 The following are a few tips that I follow to create happiness in my life.Make a plan for attaining goals that you believe will make you happyYour moods will very likely improve if you are going after something you value. Surround yourself with happy people.lt is easy to begin to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that wav. 35 When something goes wrong, try to figure out a solution instead of being absorbed in selfpity.Truly happy people don*t allow setbacks to affect their mood because they know that with a little thought they can turn the circumstances back to their favour. 36 These few minutes will give you the opportunity to focus on the positive things in your life and willlead you to continuous happiness. 37 Whether you treat yourself to lunch, take a long, relaxing bath or simply spend a few extra minuteson your appearance, you will be subconsciously （下意识上也）putting yourself in a better mood. Finding the humour in situations can also lead to happiness. Keeping healthy is another way to achieve happiness. 38A. There are some tips in life that lead to happiness.B. Spend a few minutes each day thinking about the things that make you happy.C. Its also important to take some time each day to do something nice for yourself.D. These are important questions for anyone who is seeking happiness to ask themselves.E. Being overweight or not eating nutritious foods can have a negative effect on your mood.F. What makes one person happy may be very different from what makes someone else happy.G. On the contrary, if you are around people who are happy, their emotional state will be infectious.【答案】34. D 35. G 36. B 37. C 38. E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了获得快乐的几种方法。【34题详解】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。前句提出了两个问题，而D选项又提到这些问题对于寻找幸福的人 至关重要，故选D。【35题详解】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。前句提到一个人很容易受具有消极情绪的人的影响，而G选项又提 到了与之相反的积极的一面，形成对比，故选G。【36题详解】考查对上