2022-2023学年安徽省安徽师范大学附属中学高一上学期期末教学质量诊断测试英语试题（含听力）（解析版）.docx

2022-2023学年第一学期高一年级教学质量诊断测试英语试卷注意事项:1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改 动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在 本试卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）.第一节（共5小题;每小题L5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选 项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅 读一遍。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Where was the man from?A. Australia.B. New Zealand.C. England.【答案】C【解析】原文】W: You're Austrilian, aren't you?M: No, I was born in London, although my mother is from New Zealand.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】How will the woman get to the city center?A. By subway.B. By taxi.C. By bus.【答案】A【解析】【原文】3 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】How does the man feel now?A. Annoyed.B. Excited.C. Sleepy.【答案】A29. According to the author why did Confucius open China's first school?A. To teach both the poor and the rich.B. To become famous among China's lower classes.C. To be accepted by the rulers of China.D. To be celebrated all over the world.30. What can we know about Confucius from the passage?A. He was once a farmer guiding people farming.B. He was born in a politician family.C. He once acted as a math teacher.D. He devoted himself to social change.31. What is the writer's attitude towards Confucianism?A. Doubtful.B. Supportive.C. Disappointed.D. Uncertain.【答案】28.C29. A 30. D 31. B【解析】【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了春秋时期的政治家和哲学家孔子，介绍了孔子的个人经历， 以及他著名的一些儒家思想。儒家思想认为，通过自我教育、热爱家庭、尊重传统，你可以成为一个更好 的人。【28题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段中 “He wanted to find a way to help people who were less fortunate than he was.（他想 找到一种方法来帮助那些没有他幸运的人）”以及画线词上文uHe didn like the way rulers treated their可 知，他想找到一种方法来帮助那些没有他幸运的人，说明他不喜欢统治者对待臣民的方式。故ruler指的是“统治者”，subjects的意思是“人民”。故选C。【29题详解】名田节理解题。根据第三段中 “He even opened China's first school to teach both the poor and the wealthy as equals.（他甚至开办了中国第一所平等教育穷人和富人的学校）”可知，孔子开办中国第一所学校是为了既 教穷人也教富人。故选A。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中 uDuring his lifetime, he planted the seeds for China's transformation by teaching thousands of people .（在他的一生中，他教导了成千上万的人，为中国的变革播下了种子）”可知，孔子致力 于社会变革。故选D。31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “Eventually, his philosophy of self-discipline helped China unite under one rulerand finally find peace. Today, Confucius is celebrated all over the world for his philosophy of education, equality, and peace over war, money, and injustice.（最终，他的自律哲学帮助中国统一在一个统治者之下，最终找到了 和平。今天，孔子因其教育、平等、和平而不是战争、金钱和不公的哲学而受到全世界的颂扬）”可推知， 作者对儒家思想的态度是支持的。故选B。DScientists may have found a way to reduce shortage of type 0 blood. Type 0 is the kind of blood that hospitals most often need. What the researchers are testing is an easier way to make type 0 blood out of other kinds of blood.There are four main kinds of blood. Most people are born with one of these four: Type A, Type B, Type AB or Type O. Type 0 can be safely given to anyone. So it is commonly used when a person is injured or sick and has to have blood.Type O is the most common blood group. But the supplies of it available in hospitals and blood banks are usually limited. This is because of the high demand for it. Type O blood is used in emergencies when there is no time to identify the patient's blood type.Giving A, B or AB to someone with a different blood type, including O, can cause a bad reaction by the person's defense system. Their immune system can reject the blood. This immune reaction can be deadly.The differences among blood types are linked to whether or not red blood cells contain certain kinds of sugar molecules （分子）.These molecules are found on the surface of the cells. They are known as antigens （抗原），these antigens are found with Type A, B and AB blood but not with Type O.More than twenty-five years ago, scientists found that the antigens could be removed to create what they called universal-type cells. They could be removed with chemicals called enzymes （酶）. But large amounts of enzymes were required to make the change.Doctor Henrik Clausen of the University of Copenhagen in Denmark led the study. The next step, he says, is to complete safety tests. The team is working with the American company ZymeQuest to test the new method. If it meets safety requirements and is not too costly, it will become a widely used life-saving tool to increase the supply of universal blood.32. How do scientists deal with the problem of lacking type O blood?A. Make type O blood out of other kinds of blood.B. Make the most of the present type O blood.C. Develop new ways of using type O blood.D. Appeal to more people to donate type O blood.33. What make people have different kinds of blood?A. Sugar molecules in red blood cells.C The variety of people's cells and genes.B. Peopled different living conditions.D. People's various immune systems.34. What can we infer from the text?A. Antigens could not be removed to create universal blood.B. A Danish company wanted to involve itself in studying blood.C. Type O blood and Type AB blood can be safely given to anyone.D. The new method is not safe enough to be put into use in hospitals now.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Four Different Kinds of Blood.B. A New Way to Make Type O Blood.C. The Latest Research on Blood Type.D. Find the Proper Type of Blood.【答案】32.A33. A 34. D 35. B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文，文章介绍了科学家发现。型血的一种新制造方法，来解决现在医院和血库中o 型血匮乏的问题，还说明了血液的四种类型以及这项新方法的下一步进程是进行安全测试。【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段 “Type O is the kind of blood that hospitals most often need. What the researchers aretesting is an easier way to make type O blood out of other kinds of blood. （O 型血是医院最需要的血。研究人员 正在测试的是一种更简单的方法，可以从其他类型的血液中提取O型血。）”可知，科学家用其他血型制 造。型血的方式来解决0型血缺乏的问题。故选A。【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段 “The differences among blood types are linked to whether or not red blood cellscontain certain kinds of sugar molecules （分子）.（血型之间的差异与红细胞中是否含有某种糖分子有关。）”可 知，是红细胞中的糖分子让人们有不同的血型。故选A。【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “The next step, he says, is to complete safety tests. The team is working with the American company ZymeQuest to test the new method. If it meets safety requirements and is not too costly, it will become a widely used life-saving tool to increase the supply of universal blood.（他说, 下步是完成安全测 试。该团队正在与美国ZymeQuest公司合作测试这种新方法。如果它符合安全要求，而且成本不太高，它 将成为一种广泛使用的救生工具，以增加通用血液的供应。）”可推知，新方法现在还不够安全，不能在医 院里使用。故选D。【35题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段 “Scientists may have found a way to reduce shortage of type 0 blood.Type 0 is the kind of blood that hospitals most often need. What the researchers are testing is an easier way to make type O blood out of other kinds of blood.（科学家们可能已经找至了一种减少0型血短缺的方法。0型 血是医院最需要的血。研究人员正在测试的是一种更简单的方法，可以从其他类型的血液中提取。型 血。）”可知，本文主要介绍科学家发现了一种新的0型血的制造方法，因此最好的题目是B选项“A New Way to Make Type 0 Blood.（制造O型血的新方法）”。故选B。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。Simple Ways to Improve Your Written EnglishMany people think it is really difficult to improve their writing in English. Don't worry, though. Here are some simple steps that you can take to improve your written English. Increase your vocabulary.To express yourself clearly, you need a good active vocabulary. Thafs not just being able to know lots of words - it means actually being able to use them correctly. 36Tip: When you learn a new word, try to learn all the forms of that word. 37People often say that we learn to write best by reading. Reading in English is useful in many ways. It is a great way to get an idea of the different styles of writing and see how to use words properly.Tip: Choose books or articles that interest you. 38 In the learning process, read each text several times to make sure you understand how to use new words and expressions in the text. Improve your grammar.Grammar is very important because it improves the quality of your writing.Tip:39 The first time, look for general mistakes and the second time look for mistakes with thegrammar point you are studying at the moment. Just do it!The best way to improve your writing is to get a pen and paper and write. Be prepared to write several versions of each text. 40Tip: As you practice your writing, be sure to have faith in yourself and always insist on writing,A. Know your readers.B. Read widely and often.C. Always check your writing twice.D. Remember, practice makes perfect!E. As we all know, learning shouldn't be boring.F. Use simpler language and shorter sentences to show your ideas.G. Do this by learning new words with example sentences, not just word lists.【答案】36. G 37. B 38. E 39. C 40. D【解析】【导语这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些提高英语写作水平的简单方法。【36题详解】根据上文 “To express yourself clearly, you need a good active vocabulary. That's not just being able to know lots of words 一 it means actually being able to use them correctly.（为了清晰地表达自己，你需要丰富的词汇量。 这不仅仅是能够认识很多单词，还意味着能够正确地使用它们）”可知，本句在具体说明如何通过使用新单 词来认识更多单词。故G选项“通过例句来学习新单词，而不仅仅是单词列表”符合语境，故选G。【37题详解】不艮据后文 uPeople often say that we learn to write best by reading. Reading in English is useful in many ways. It is a great way to get an idea of the different styles of writing and see how to use words properly.（人们常说我们通过 阅读来学习写作。英语阅读在很多方面都很有用。这是了解不同写作风格并了解如何正确使用单词的好方 法）”可知，本段主要说明了通过阅读来学习英语，故B选项“广泛而经常地阅读”符合语境，故选B。【38题详解】根据上文“Tip: Choose books or articles that interest you.（小贴士：选择你感兴趣的书籍或文章）”以及后文 “In the learning process, read each text several times to make sure you understand how to use new words andexpressions in the text.（在学习过程中，每篇课文都要读几遍，以确保你理解了课文中生词和短语的用法）” 可知，上文提到选择感兴趣的书籍或文章，本句说明原因：学习不应该是无聊的。故E选项“我们都知 道，学习不应该是无聊的”符合语境，故选E。【39题详解】根据后文 “The first time, look for general mistakes and the second time look for mistakes with the grammar point you are studying at the moment.（第一次，查找一般性的错误，第二次查找与你正在学习的语法点有关的错 误）”可知，后文提到了两次查找错误，即检查两次。故C选项“经常检查你的写作两次”符合语境，故 选C。根据上文 “The best way to improve your writing is to get a pen and paper and write. Be prepared to write severalversions of each text.（提高写作水平的最好方法就是拿笔和纸来写。每一篇文章都要准备好几个版本）”可知，上文提到了准备好几个版本，write several versions （版本）of each text 和 D 选项中 practice makes perfect 是关联词，故D选项“记住，熟能生巧！”符合语境，故选D。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最 佳选项。One morning, I was jogging and I noticed a person in front of me about 1/4 mile. I could 41 that he was running a little slower than me and I thought, "Very well, I shall try to 42 I had about a mile to go43 I needed to turn off, so I started running faster and faster. Every block, I was 44 getting closer to him just a little bit. Just a few minutes later, I was only about 100 yards from him, so I really sped up, 45 I was running the last lap of London Olympic competition. I was determined to keep up with him. Finally, I did 46 it! I caught and passed him. I really felt good, “I beat." Of course, he didn't ever know we were 47.After passing him, I realized I had been so focused on competing against him that I had 48 my turn. I had gone nearly six blocks past it. I had to 49 and go back. Isn9t it what happens in our life when we focus on competing with classmates, co-workers, neighbors, friends, family, trying to outdo （胜过）them or trying to prove that we are more important or more 50?In reality, we spend our time and 51 running after other people and we miss out on our own pathsto our given destinies （命运）.The 52 with blind competition is that it's a never ending cycle. There willalways be somebody 53 you, someone with better grades or a more satisfying job, more education, anicer car, more money in the bank, etc. But be 54 that we can be the best that we can be. We arecompeting with no one. Take what we have been 55 the height, weight and personality. Dress well andwear it proudly. We should feel lucky with them and stay focused and live a happy life.41. A. forgetB. tellC. admitD. argue42. A. foolB. warnC. catchD. encourage43. A. beforeB. becauseC. onceD. although44. A. secretlyB. finallyC. possiblyD. gradually45. A. ignoringB. doubtingC. imaginingD. announcing46. A. findB. rememberC. makeD. control47. A. restingB. racingC. standingD. singing48. A. tookB. changedC. valuedD. missed49. A. turn aroundB. turn onC. turn upD. turn down50. A. proudB. successfulC. adventurousD. helpful51. A. healthB. dreamC. wealthD. energy52. A. problemB. possibilityC. requirementD. influence53. A. next toB. ahead ofC. close toD. angry with54. A. sorryB. afraidC. confidentD. curious55. A. givenB.spentC. takenD. used【答案】41.B 42.C43. A 44. D45. C 46. C 47. B48. D 49. A50. BD 52. A 53. B 54. C 55. A51.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在一天早上慢跑时，看到在他前面1/4英里的地方有一个 人，就下定决心要在拐弯之前超越他，但是太过专注而错过了转弯的故事，最后作者得出结论：我们要有信 心，我们可以做到最好，接受我们得到的一切，为它们感到幸运，保持专注，过健康的生活。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可以看出来他跑得比我慢一点，我想，“很好，我会尽力赶上他的。" A. forget忘记;B.tell告诉,识别，知道;C.admit承认；D.argue争辩。结合空格后“he was running a little slower than me”可知，是作者看出来他跑得比自己慢一点。故选B。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可以看出来他跑得比我慢一点，我想，“很好，我会尽力赶上他的。" A.fool 愚弄；B. warn 警告；C. catch 赶上；D. encourage 鼓励。根据后文 “I caught and passed him.” 可知，作 者想要尽力赶上他。故选C。【43题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我还有大约一英里就要转弯了，所以我开始跑得越来越快。A. before在之 前；B. because 因为；C. once 一旦;D. although 尽管。结合本句中 uI had about a mile to go和 uI needed to turn off,"可知，在作者转弯之前还有大约一英里。故选A。【44题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：每过一个街区，我都会慢慢地靠近他一点点。A. secretly秘密地；B. finally最 终；C. possibly 可能地；D. gradually 逐渐地。结合本句中的 “getting closer to him just a little bit.” 可知,是 慢慢地（逐渐）靠近他。故选D。【45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：儿分钟后，我离他只有100码远，所以我真的加快了速度，想象着我正在跑伦 敦奥运会比赛的最后一圈。A. ignoring忽略；B.doubting怀疑；C.imagining想象；D.announcing宣布。结 合本句中的“I was running the last lap of London Olympic competition.”可知，这是作者想象的内容。故选 Co【46题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:最后，我成功了！ A. find找到；B. remember记住；C.make做，使成功；D. control控制。结合UI caught and passed him.和短语make it,意为“成功”，可知，作者成功追赶上他 了。故选C。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:当然,他不知道我们在比赛。A. resting休息；B. racing比赛；C.standing站 立；D. singing唱歌。结合“"I beat him.” Of course, he didn't ever know”可推断，是他不矢口道我们在比赛。 故选Bo【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在超过他之后，我意识到我太专注于与他竞争，以至于错过了转弯。A. took拿 走；B. changed 更改；C. valued 重视；D. missed 错过。结合上文"I had about a mile to go 3 I needed to turn off和“I had gone nearly six blocks past it.” 可知，作者错过了 自己耍拐弯的地方。故选 D。【49题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我不得不转身回去。A. turn around转身；B. turn on打开；C. turn up出现；D. turn down 拒绝。结合上文 “I had about a mile to go 3 I needed to turn off” 可知，因为错 过了拐弯地方，作者不得不转身回去。故选A。【50题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们专注于与同学、同事、邻居、朋友、家人竞争，试图超越他们，或试 图证明我们更重要或更成功时，这不是我们生活中发生的事情吗？ A. proud自豪的；B. successful成功的； C.adventurous冒险的；D. helpful有帮助的。结合or连接并列成分，和“more important”的用umore successfulv更符合句意。故选B。51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，我们花时间和精力去追逐别人，却错过了通往既定命运的道路。A. health健康；B. dream梦想；C.wealth财富；D. energy精力。结合作者的经历和本句中的"we spend our time and"可知，是花费时间和精力去追逐别人。故选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：不健康竞争的问题是，这是一个永无止境的循环。A. problem问题；B.possibility 可能性；C. requirement 要求；D. influence 影响。结合 uthat it's a never ending cycle v可知，这是 不健康竞争的问题。故选A。【53题详解】考查介词和形容词短语辨析。句意：总会有人在你前面，有更好的成绩或更满意的工作，更多的教育，更 好的车，更多的钱在银行等等。A. next to在旁边；B. ahead of在前面；C.close to靠近；D. angrywith 对生气。 结合 u someone w