2022-2023学年北京市丰台区高一上学期期中英语试卷（B）（解析版）.docx

丰台区2022-2023学年度第一学期期中练习高一英语（B卷）（练习时间：90分钟）第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Look Out High SchoolIt seemed that all the students at Hillside School were really eager to leave and move on to high school 一 everyone except Neil.Neil was confused （困惑的）.He had no real 1 of high school, except that there seemed to be millions of kids-big kids. Neil also didn't find 2 easy and had to read and re-read things many times before he 3 what was written on the page. He tried again and again but that didn't help much. The 4 still kept moving about the page.And at lunchtimes when the other kids 5 the exciting things and the great time at high school, Neil felt left out. He only thought of the hard work and the 6 He'd heard about the long passages to write and the thick books to read, and he knew he9d 7 again.Neil closed himself off from the conversations. 8 someone talked about hammers （锤子）and nails （车丁子）. "Something that didn't involve （涉及）reading!?, he said to himself. "Maybe high school won't be all that bad after all.”He started listening more 9 to the excited conversation among the kids in his class. Every one of them seemed to be looking forward to moving on. To Neil, it was still the great10and hard to understand. But,something deep down told him that high school wouldn't be so bad, so trying his best would certainly be a good start.1. A. ideaB. areaC. fieldD. dream2. A. shoppingB. learningC. teachingD. driving3. A. agreedB. thoughtC. hopedD. understood4. A. teachersB. booksC. wordsD. kids5. A. foundB. enjoyedC. thoughtD. discussed6. A. playingB. readingC.speakingD. listening7. A. failB. missC. startD. forgetboth attention and skill.“When people pay all their attention to what they are doing, they enter a state called 'flow'J Dattilo explained. “Flow can be achieved by doing activities that we value and that require us to focus fully to use our skills.”To achieve a state of flow, there must be a balance between the challenge of the task and your skill level. For example, if you're trying to create a new computer program but your skill level is low, then you're possible to feel stressed instead of achieving "flow”. But if the task is too easy, then you will feel bored and “flow” will not appear, either.If you have artistic skills, for example, playing the piano or painting can lead to flow. So can things like skiing, writing and storytelling, depending on who you are.“When we enter a state of flow, we become attentive and focused, and we experience short enjoyment," Dattilo said. “When we leave a state of flow, we are often surprised by how much time has passed.”However, watching television usually doesn't help people enter flow, according to Dattilo, because there aren't any challenges.“People become and continue to be strong on healthy activities and challenge/9 said Dattilo. "We hope this research will help people live fuller, happier, healthier lives.”29. In his study, Dattilo wanted to find out.B. how to reduce lonelinessA. why people like new challengesC. why people feel lonelyD. how to be strong30 How do people feel when they enter the “flow” state?A. They are lonely and bored.B. They feel stressed and tired.C. They are focused and happy.D. They feel time passes too quickly.31. Which activity is possible to help people achieve flow?A. Drawing.B. Watching TV.32. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To share a healthy lifestyle.C. To show ways to stay more positive.【答案】29.B30. C 31. A 32. BC. Chatting.D. Eating nuts.B. To introduce the state of flow.D. To draw people's attention to loneliness.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了 Dattilo与一个国际研究团队一起进行了如何减少疫情期间人们的孤独情绪的研究，他们认为，做令人愉快的有挑战性的事情使人们进入心流状态能使人们减少孤独。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段 “So he, together with an international team of researchers, studied how to reduce loneliness and increase positive feelings during the pandemic.（因此，他与一个国际研究团队一起，研究了如何 在疫情期间减少孤独，增加积极情绪）”可知，Dattilo所进行的研究是如何减少孤独的研究。故选B项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第一句 “"When we enter a state of flow, we become focused, and we experience momentary enjoyment," Dattilo said.（达蒂洛说：“当我们进入心流状态时，我们会变得专注，并体验到短暂的 快乐可知，进入心流的状态会让人变得专注并感到快乐。故选C项。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段内容“ If you have artistic skills, for example, playing the piano or painting can lead to flow. So can things like skiing, writing and storytelling, depending on who you are.（如果你有艺术技能,例如，弹钢琴 或绘画可以导致心流。滑雪、写作和讲故事也可以，这取决于你是谁）”以及倒数第二段内容"However, watching television usually doesn't help people enter flow, according to Dattilo, because there aren't any challenges4然而，根据达蒂洛的说法，看电视通常不会帮助人们进入心流状态，因为没有任何挑战）”可知, 艺术类的弹钢琴，绘画以及滑冰，写作，讲故事等可以达到心流状态，而看电视没有挑战性，不会帮助人 达到心流状态。故选A。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段 “"When people pay all their attention to what they are doing, they enter a state called flow'J Dattilo explained. "Flow can be achieved by doing activities that we value and that require us to focus fully to use our skills.”（Dattilo解释说：“当人们把所有的注意力都放在他们正在做的事情上时，他们就进入 了一种叫做心流的状态。心流可以通过做我们重视的活动来实现，这些活动需要我们完全专注于使用我们 的技能。结合文章主要介绍了 Dattilo与一个国际研究团队一起进行了如何减少疫情期间人们的孤独情 绪的研究，他们认为，做令人愉快的有挑战性的事情使人们进入心流状态能使人们减少孤独。可推知，这 篇文章的主要目的是介绍心流状态。故选B。第二节（共7小题，16分）阅读下面短文，按照题目要求完成下列任务。11 -year-old Ruby has long been close to older people. Her mother Amanda, is a nurse who works at nursing homes in Harrison, and Ruby often follows her around in the summer.Last May, Ruby learned a resident named Pearl felt so sad for she had to send her dog away. The reason was that the nursing home didn't allow residents to have dogs and Pearl couldn't afford to pay anyone to look after hers. She also learned that many nursing home residents were unable to afford even the smallest luxuries. So Ruby decided to do something about it.She started by asking residents what three things they wanted most in the world. Amanda worried that people would ask for cars and other things that an 11 -year-old wouldn't have money to buy. However, they asked for chocolates, McDonald's fries, shoes that fit well, and even just a kiss.“It surprised me a lot J Amanda says. “We left the nursing home that day and went to a store at once and bought as many things as we could.”Using their own money, Ruby and her mother met the wishes of about 100 residents in three months. Then they started asking for help. The good people of Harrison responded enthusiastically, so much that Amanda set up a GoFundMe page on the Internet, Three Wishes for Rubys Residents, hoping to collect $5,000. They hit their goal in only a few days. After GofundMe shared Ruby's story nationwide this past January, Three Wishes raised $20,000 in 24 hours and more than $250,000 in five months.Earlier this year, Three Wishes became a nonprofit (非盈利机构)and developed nationwide. One of its new goals is to set up a shared laptop in one nursing home in each state. Ruby doesn't plan to stop there. Actually, besides Ruby, more young people are involved in helping others as a hobby.任务一 根据短文内容，选择所给单词的正确意义。两个选项为多余项。A. to giveB. to reach a certain targetC. to come in contact with someoneD to have enough money to do somethingE. showing a lot of excitement and interestF. to make somebody take part in something33. afford34. enthusiastically35. hit36. involve任务二 根据短文内容，按照题目要求用英文回答问题。37. Why did Pearl have to send her dog away?38. What did Ruby do for the residents in the nursing home?39. Do you want to be a person like Ruby? Why or why not?(/n about 30 words) 【答案】33. D 34. E35. B 36. F37. Because the nursing home didn't allow residents to have dogs and Pearl couldn't afford to pay anyone to look after the dog.38. Ruby met wishes of nursing home residents.39. Yes. Because Rudy's selfless act not only helped the elderly realize their wishes, but also drew more people's attention to this group, which had a positive impact on social welfare.【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了 11岁的Ruby和母亲一起，致力于实现老人院老人的愿望并为 之筹集资金。【33题详解】考查单词。根据画线词所在句"The reason was that the nursing home didn't allow residents to have dogs and Pearl couldn't afford to pay anyone to look after hers.（原因是养老院不允许居民养狗，而Pearl又付不起雇人照顾她 的费用）”可知，afford意思是“付不起”。与D选项“有足够的钱做某事”意思符合。故选D。【34题详解】考查单词。根据画线词所在句 “The good people of Harrison responded enthusiastically, so much that Amanda set up a GoFundMe page on the Internet, Three Wishes for Rubys Residents, hoping to collect $5,000.（哈里森的好人们 反应热烈，阿曼达在网上建立了一个GoFundMe网页，名为“给卢比居民的三个愿望”，希望能筹集5000 美元）”可知，enthusiastically意思是“热心地，热烈地:与E选项“表现出非常兴奋和兴趣”意思符合。 故选Eo【35题详解】考查单词。根据画线词所在句“They hit their goal in only a few days.（他们只用了几天就达到了目标）”可知， hit意思是“完成目标”。与B选项“达到某一目标”意思符合。故选B。【36题详解】考查单词。根据画线词所在句 “Actually, besides Ruby, more young people are involved in helping others as a hobby.（事实上，除了 Ruby,更多的年轻人把帮助别人作为一种爱好）”可知，involve意思是“参与”。与F 选项“使某人参加某事”意思符合。故选F。【37题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段中 “The reason was that the nursing home didn't allow residents to have dogs and Pearl couldn't afford to pay anyone to look after hers.（原因是养老院不允许居民养狗，而Pearl又付不起雇人照顾她 的费用）”可知，Pearl要把她的狗送走是因为养老院不允许居民养狗，而Pearl又付不起雇人照顾狗费用。 故答案为 Because the nursing home didn't allow residents to have dogs and Pearl couldn't afford to pay anyone to look after the dog.【38题详解】考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中 “Using their own money, Ruby and her mother met the wishes of about 100 residents in three months.（Ruby和她的母亲用自己的钱，在三个月内满足了大约1。名居民的愿望）”可知， Ruby为养老院的居民实现愿望。故答案为Ruby met wishes of nursing home residents.【39题详解】开放性题目。题干：你想成为像Ruby一样的人吗？为什么想或者为什么不想呢？可回答：是的。因为鲁迪 的无私行为不仅帮助了老人实现了他们的愿望，也让更多的人关注到这个群体，对社会福利产生了积极的 影响 o 故答案为 Yes. Because Rudy's selfless act not only helped the elderly realize their wishes, but also drew more people's attention to this group, which had a positive impact on social welfare.第三部分书面表达（共两节，30分）第一节（共5小题;每小题2分，共10分）阅读句子，根据句意选择方框内合适的词组，用其恰当形式填空。as well as tend to be responsible for from time to time deal with1.1 1 set a goal for every subject at the beginning of each term.41. It's important to meet friends in person, not just on social media.42. The thought of leaving once flashed through his mind, but he quickly gave up on the idea and found waysto the challenges.43. They enjoy playing football in playground,singing songs they've learnt.44. Zhang Tian was the only English teacher. The other two local teachers math and Chinese.【答案】40. tend to41. from time to time42. deal with43. as well as44. were responsible for【解析】【40题详解】考查固定短语。句意：我倾向于在每学期开始时为每门学科设定一个目标。根据后文"set a goal for every subject at the beginning of each term",以及句意“倾向于”可知短语为 tend。，结合后文 at the beginning of eachterm可知为一般现在时，主语为L谓语用原形。故填tend to。【41题详解】考查固定短语。句意：不只是在社交媒体上，时不时地和朋友见面是很重要的。根据上文"Ifs important to meet friends in person以及句意“时不时地”可知短语为 from time to time。故填 from time to time。【42题详解】考查固定短语。句意：离开的念头一度闪过他的脑海，但他很快就放弃了这个念头，并找到了应对挑战的 方法。根据后文"thechallenges"以及句意“应对”可知短语为deal with,此处为不定式作后置定语。故填 deal witho【43题详解】考查固定短语。句意：他们喜欢在操场上踢足球，也喜欢唱他们学过的歌。根据后文“singing songs they've learnt以及句意“也”可知短语为as well as。故填as well as。【44题详解】考查固定短语。句意：张天是唯一的英语老师。另外两位当地老师负责数学和语文。根据后文"math and Chinese"以及句意“负责”可知短语为be responsible for,结合上文was可知为一般过去时，主语为，谓语 用复数。故填 were responsible for。第二节（20分）45. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国好友Jim得知你上了高中，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给 他回复邮件，内容包括：1 .介绍你的高中生活；2 .你的感受和对未来的憧憬。注意：1 .词数100左右；3 .开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,How time flies! It has been more than one month since my senior school life began.Now I have made many new friends, and we help each other greatly. The new teachers are friendly and enthusiastic. However, I also have some worries about my study. In the new school, I am no longer one of the top students just as I was in junior high school, which worries and upsets me. The subjects in senior high school are much harder. Sometimes I can't follow my teachers. But I'm sure I'll get through all the difficulties and make progress in the future.Yours,Li Hua 【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国好友Jim得知你上了高中， 发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件。【详解】1 .词汇积累 担心： worryconcern 想要做某事：want to do sth.would like to do sth. 帮助某人:help sb.f give sb. a hand 确信的：sureconfident2 .句式拓展合并简单句变复合句原句：The subjects in senior high school are much harder. Sometimes I can' t follow my teachers.拓展句： Because the subjects in senior high school are much harder, sometimes I can' t follow my teachers.点睛】高分句型 1 I am no longer one of the top students just as I was in junior high school, which worries and upsets me.（运用了 which引导的非限制性定语从句）高分句型 2 But Tm sure I'll get through all the difficulties and make progress in the fixture.（运用 了省略 that 引导的宾语从句）8. A. becauseB.ifC. untilD. unlessD. SilentlyD. importance9. B 10. A9. A. usually10. A. unknown【答案】LA 2.B【解析】B. carefullyB. chance3.D4.C5.DC. politelyC. time6. B 7. A 8. C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了尼尔刚上高中，在学习和阅读方面遇到了困难，但在听了其它 学生讨论书本之外的事情后，开始逐渐对高中生活有了信心。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对中学没有真正的概念，只知道那里似乎有数百万个孩子大孩子。A. idea 想法；B. area区域;C. field田地;D. dream梦想。根据上文“Neil was confused.（尼尔很困惑）”可知，尼尔 困惑是因为他对中学没有真正的概念，have no idea of表示“完全不知道”。故选A。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尼尔也不觉得学习是件容易的事，在他理解写在纸上的东西之前，他不得不反 复阅读。A. shopping 购物;B. learning 学习；C. teaching 教学;D. driving 驾驶。根据后文“had to read and re-read things many times”可知要反复阅读很多次，说明学习不容易。故选B。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尼尔也不觉得学习是件容易的事，在他理解写在纸上的东西之前，他不得不反 复阅读。A. agreed 同意；B. thought 认为;C. hoped 希望;D. understood 理解。根据后文 uHe tried again and again but that didn't help much.（他试了一次又一次，但没有多大帮助）”可知，在他理解写在纸上的东西之前， 他不得不反复阅读。故选D。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：字仍然在纸上移动。A. teachers老师；B. books书籍；C. words话语，单词；D. kids 孩子们。根据后文“still kept moving about the page”此处指书上的单词在尼尔眼中很陌生，只是在纸上移动, 没有真正理解。故选C。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析工句意：在午餐时间，当其他孩子讨论令人兴奋的事情和在高中的美好时光时，尼尔感 到被冷落了。A. found 发现；B. enjoyed 欣赏；C. thought 认为；D. discussed 讨论。根据后文“the exciting things and the great time at high schoolv可知是指其他孩子讨论令人兴奋的事情和在高中的美好时光。故选D。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他只想着艰苦的学习和阅读。A. playing玩耍;B. reading阅读；C.speaking说;D. listening听。结合第二段内容可知，尼尔在阅读方面有困难，所以是只想着艰苦的学习和阅读。故选B。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他听说过要写大段文章，要读厚厚的书，他知道他又要失败了。A. fail失败；B.miss错过；C.start开始；D. forget忘记。根据后文again以及提到要阅读厚厚的书，所以尼尔觉得又要失 败了。故选A。【8题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意:尼尔把自己隔绝在谈话之外，直到有人谈起了锤子和钉子。A.because因为；B.if如果；C.until直到；D. unless除非。此处引导时间状语从句，表示“直到”应用until。故选C。【9题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他开始更仔细地听他班上孩子们激动的谈话。A. usually通常；B.carefully仔细 地;C. politely 礼貌地；D. silently 沉默地。根据上文“Maybe high school won't be all that bad after all.（也许高 中生活终究不会那么糟糕）”可知，尼尔开始认为高中生活没那么糟糕了，所以开始更仔细地听他班上孩子 们激动的谈话。故选B。【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对尼尔来说，这仍然是一个巨大的未知数，很难理解。A. unknown未知；B. chance机会；C.time时间；D. importance重要性。根据后文“and hard to understand”可知，对尼尔来说，这仍然 是一个巨大的未知数，很难理解。故选A。第二节（共10小题;每小题L5分,共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Senior secondary school is a new start. Studying is definitely a big part of 11 life. I tend to set a goal for every subject at the beginning of each term. My aim is 12 well in every subject this term. I am always attentive in all classes and think 13 so that I can have more free time to do other things that I