学位论文-—英文人名汉译的标准化及相关措施英语.doc

英文人名汉译的标准化及相关措施毕业设计（论文）原创性声明和使用授权说明原创性声明本人郑重承诺：所呈交的毕业设计（论文），是我个人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。尽我所知，除文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，不包含其他人或组织已经发表或公布过的研究成果，也不包含我为获得 及其它教育机构的学位或学历而使用过的材料。对本研究提供过帮助和做出过贡献的个人或集体，均已在文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。作 者 签 名： 日 期： 指导教师签名： 日期： 使用授权说明本人完全了解 大学关于收集、保存、使用毕业设计（论文）的规定，即：按照学校要求提交毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版本；学校有权保存毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版，并提供目录检索与阅览服务；学校可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文；在不以赢利为目的前提下，学校可以公布论文的部分或全部内容。作者签名： 日 期： 学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权 大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。涉密论文按学校规定处理。作者签名：日期： 年 月 日导师签名： 日期： 年 月 日注 意 事 项1.设计（论文）的内容包括：1）封面（按教务处制定的标准封面格式制作）2）原创性声明3）中文摘要（300字左右）、关键词4）外文摘要、关键词 5）目次页（附件不统一编入）6）论文主体部分：引言（或绪论）、正文、结论7）参考文献8）致谢9）附录（对论文支持必要时）2.论文字数要求：理工类设计（论文）正文字数不少于1万字（不包括图纸、程序清单等），文科类论文正文字数不少于1.2万字。3.附件包括：任务书、开题报告、外文译文、译文原文（复印件）。4.文字、图表要求：1）文字通顺，语言流畅，书写字迹工整，打印字体及大小符合要求，无错别字，不准请他人代写2）工程设计类题目的图纸，要求部分用尺规绘制，部分用计算机绘制，所有图纸应符合国家技术标准规范。图表整洁，布局合理，文字注释必须使用工程字书写，不准用徒手画3）毕业论文须用A4单面打印，论文50页以上的双面打印4）图表应绘制于无格子的页面上5）软件工程类课题应有程序清单，并提供电子文档5.装订顺序1）设计（论文）2）附件：按照任务书、开题报告、外文译文、译文原文（复印件）次序装订指导教师评阅书指导教师评价：一、撰写（设计）过程1、学生在论文（设计）过程中的治学态度、工作精神 优 良 中 及格 不及格2、学生掌握专业知识、技能的扎实程度 优 良 中 及格 不及格3、学生综合运用所学知识和专业技能分析和解决问题的能力 优 良 中 及格 不及格4、研究方法的科学性；技术线路的可行性；设计方案的合理性 优 良 中 及格 不及格5、完成毕业论文（设计）期间的出勤情况 优 良 中 及格 不及格二、论文（设计）质量1、论文（设计）的整体结构是否符合撰写规范？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格2、是否完成指定的论文（设计）任务（包括装订及附件）？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格三、论文（设计）水平1、论文（设计）的理论意义或对解决实际问题的指导意义 优 良 中 及格 不及格2、论文的观念是否有新意？设计是否有创意？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格3、论文（设计说明书）所体现的整体水平 优 良 中 及格 不及格建议成绩： 优 良 中 及格 不及格（在所选等级前的内画“”）指导教师： （签名） 单位： （盖章）年 月 日评阅教师评阅书评阅教师评价：一、论文（设计）质量1、论文（设计）的整体结构是否符合撰写规范？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格2、是否完成指定的论文（设计）任务（包括装订及附件）？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格二、论文（设计）水平1、论文（设计）的理论意义或对解决实际问题的指导意义 优 良 中 及格 不及格2、论文的观念是否有新意？设计是否有创意？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格3、论文（设计说明书）所体现的整体水平 优 良 中 及格 不及格建议成绩： 优 良 中 及格 不及格（在所选等级前的内画“”）评阅教师： （签名） 单位： （盖章）年 月 日教研室（或答辩小组）及教学系意见教研室（或答辩小组）评价：一、答辩过程1、毕业论文（设计）的基本要点和见解的叙述情况 优 良 中 及格 不及格2、对答辩问题的反应、理解、表达情况 优 良 中 及格 不及格3、学生答辩过程中的精神状态 优 良 中 及格 不及格二、论文（设计）质量1、论文（设计）的整体结构是否符合撰写规范？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格2、是否完成指定的论文（设计）任务（包括装订及附件）？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格三、论文（设计）水平1、论文（设计）的理论意义或对解决实际问题的指导意义 优 良 中 及格 不及格2、论文的观念是否有新意？设计是否有创意？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格3、论文（设计说明书）所体现的整体水平 优 良 中 及格 不及格评定成绩： 优 良 中 及格 不及格教研室主任（或答辩小组组长）： （签名）年 月 日教学系意见：系主任： （签名）年 月 日摘要： 目前关于英文人名的汉译正处于一个混乱的尴尬局面，而且亟待去做出一些改变。除此之外，造成这一情况的原因也很复杂。本篇论文将试着通过实践调查和相关文献的研究分析讨论这一问题，并通过调研给出一些建议性的解决方法。它们将有利于减轻翻译工作的复杂度并节约一定的翻译成本。与此同时也希望人们对人名翻译的标准化在看法和态度上通过对其的了解可以有一些转变并进一步的提高一些重视度。关键词：名字翻译 标准化 混乱 转变 VIIIThe Standardization and the Methods of Translating English name into ChineseAbstract: The situation of name translation, here we mean translating English names into Chinese, is utterly in mess nowadays. And it is badly in need of changing .Apart from that there also are a lot of complicated factors which have caused the terrible situation. However, this article will try to offer us some useful advice and methods, which will help us to reduce the complexity of translation work and save some costs of translation. Besides, after reading this paper, I hope people could pay more attention to the name translation, because it deserves. And it is very important and worthwhile to focus on the standardization of the name translation. Key words: the name translation; standardization; mess; changing. X Contents Abstract .IThe introduction .2Chapter one Practice investigation 1.1 The introduction of practice investigation.2 1.2Research design.3 1.3Experiment design .4 1.4Result .4 1.5Analysis .4 1.6The addition .4Chapter two The characteristics of English names and English names can be standardized 2.1 The construction of English names .5 2.2 How English people give a name .5 2.3 The characteristics of English names .7 2.4English names translation can be standardized .7Chapter three Deeply specification is in need 3.1Deeply specification is in need from the angle of diachronic.9 3.2Deeply specification is in need from the angle of synchronic.12Chapter four The scope of application and the methods of standardizing the name translation 4.1The scope of application.14 4.2The methods of standardizing the name translation .15The conclusion .16Appendix .17Bibliography .24The introduction As we all know, when we try to turn one language into anther one we cant avoid the name translation. And it would throw us into confusion if we translate the names casually. Particularly, when we read different books, we can hardly know many different names just refer to the same single person, unless we are quite familiar with the stories or life of this person. But if we know this person well, there is no need for us to read those books. Its a contradiction in terms. The first time that I noticed this problem was when I was preparing for an exam for which need me to do a lot of reading. I found that it is very hard to find out that“仲马”and“杜马”is the same person .Besides, the similar things happened so often that to find out “赫胥黎”and “达尔文”s relationship becomes another bug in my learning. Although those are not big things, they bring me a lot of trouble of comprehending or remembering things and waste me a lot of time. And there is a typical example for all of us. In 2008, the Name Translation Office had met a challenge they never had. A seven-people group of the Name Translation Office should translate 36000 names of foreigners, including the government officials, administrative personnel, foreign volunteers, athletes, journalists, even the names of the horses ,who had attend the Beijings Olympic games, within two weeks. Obviously, that was a stiff task. And all those things have inspired me to think about the topic today we talked about and pushed me to find a way to solve this problem. So here Id like to show how I think about this point and to offer some methods for dealing with this problem. Besides, I happened to know that Im not the only one who interested in this topic .So Im going to quote some persons words to improve or draw forth the things I need .But if you think this will be a theory collection, then I have to say that you are wrong .Actually this is a study which will shine your eyes. Lets just begin from the practice investigation.Chapter one Practice investigation1.1 The introduction of practice investigation Where does this problem come from? Why has this problem existed for such a long time? Here, we will do some further study which is based on social research and some small simple experiments. Firstly, Id like to show the design. This part will include a research and several simple experiments. Before we do these things, there are some preparations: the goals, the materials, and the analysis. And the most important thing among these is the analysis. We need analyze both the situation and the people who involved in closely. And the details are given as the following. The goalsA. To find out whether it worthwhile to be studied;B. To find out peoples attitude towards this problem;C. To see if some people has some good ideals about this problem;D. To know the situation of this problem;E. To find a good way to solve this problem;F. To find the difference between life and theory;G. To make the article more scientific and complete.The materialsA. Questionnaires;B. Texts;C. Some first-hand information; D. Information from scientific magazines and books;E. Internet help;F. The information of volunteers.Analysis (Omit) This part will be presented specially together with the analysis of practice investigation result later on.1.2Research design1) 30 pieces of questionnaires for social activity;2) Internet research which will give out by QQ , Blog, RENREN;3) Choose the adoptable questions which include the open one and the close one. The question choosing requires not only to meet the content goal but also not to be boring.4) Sample (You will see it in appendix )1.3Experiment design1) Time: it will be done within 45mins.2) People: two groups, each group will consist of 8 people.3) The same passage prepared in two different forms.4) Make the two groups of people read the two different passages then answer the same questions below it. The result will be showed after observing and analyzing the answers given by the two groups. (The passage will be found in the appendix)1.4 Result (It also will be found in the appendix)1.5Analysis According to the research and experiment, we find that every person has their own judgment. And some of them do care about name translation. There also are many factors which have effects on peoples ideas about name translation, such as education level, living area, knowledge structure, ages, work. And these are showed clearly in questionnaires. People who live in big cities where business communication and culture exchange happen more frequently seems more interested in this research. People who are in low education degree or know little about English tend to care little about the name translation. People whose work fields have no directly relationships with English also care little about translation, let alone name translation. Besides, though some people have the conception of name translation their ideas would be limited by their knowledge structure .They know translating names casually will bring troubles, but they still refuse to change, for some reasons. And this may be one of the reasons why the mess situation of name translation can exist for such a long time. The experiment shows us that translating names casually does have a big effect on our study and work. It wastes our energies and time both in living and work. Standardizing the name translation is definitely in need badly. 1.6The addition Form the survey ,we also find that not every person wants the standardization of name translation even if they do know that translating names casually will bring trouble. Then why dont they want to change? There are many reasons, apart from the foregoing that some people have been limited by their education background. One of the points is that not everybody cares about the translating thingies .For most people, who live in material worlds, the only thing they care is the result. They dont really care about how it works or where it comes from. They just use it and enjoy the life, like the people who drink milk but care little of how to feed a cow. Thus, we cant ask every one to agree with the idea that to standardize the name translation. However ,there is still something should be noticed that the problem should be solved, because that no matter how other people think of milk and cows ,the farmers do need to know how to feed a cow and ensure the cow can produce good milk effectively. Besides, some people are used to being in mess they just cant adopt themselves to accept the new things. However, things always change, even though sometimes it is painful. The earlier change, the more benefit.Chapter two The character of English names and English names can be standardized 2.1 The construction of English names English names always consist of forename, middle name, and surname. Surname is connected with the family or blood bend which is the common part in a persons name .while forename is the real one that makes people different, here means, everyone has their own forename to show that they are unique so they can be distinguished by others. And the last one, middle name may be so unimportant that some people even do not have one. People seldom use it unless in some quite formal situation, such as on court or in law office.2.2 How English people give a name.Surname As we mentioned before, there is a fixed part in a name, surname ,which also be called family name .This part of name always originates from forebears trade, nature stuffs, place names, and the nickname of ancestors which can show some characters of them or points out some relationships between father and s