2021考研英语一完形填空试题及答案解析.pdf
2021考研英语一完形填空试题及答案解析(中公考研版)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or Don the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the abilityto think quickly,logically,and abstractly in order to solve new problems.It 1 in youngadulthood,levels out for a period of time,and then 2 starts to slowly decline as we age.But3 aging is inevitable,scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may notbe.One study found that muscle loss and the 4 of body fat around the abdomen are associatedwith a decline in fluid intelligence.This suggests the 5 that lifestyle factors might helpprevent or 6 this type of decline.The researchers looked at data that 7 measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat frommore than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and 8 that data to reportedchanges in fluid intelligence over a six-year period.They found that middle-aged people 9higher measures of abdominal fat 10 worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years11.For women,the association may be 12 to changes in immunity that resulted from excessabdominal fat;in men,the immune system did not appear to be 13,It is hoped that futurestudies could 14 these differences and perhaps lead to different 15 for men andwomen.16,there are steps you can 17 to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean musclemass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental 18.The two highlyrecommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your 19 of aerobic exerciseand following Mediterranean-style 20 that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processedfoods.1.A pauses B returns C peaksD fades2.A alternatively Bformally CaccidentallyD generally3.A whileD untilB sinceC onceB process4.A detectionD separationB accumulationC consumption5.A possibilityD requirementB decisionC goal6.A delayD utilizeB ensureC seek7.A modifiedD predictedB supportedC included8.A devotedD appliedB comparedC converted9.A withD againstB aboveC by10.A livedD playedB managedC scored11.A ran outD went byB set offC drew in12.A superiorD resistantB attributableC parallel13.A restoredD controlledB isolatedC involved14.A alterD explainB spreadC remove15.A compensationsD treatmentsB symptomsC demands16.A LikewiseD InsteadB MeanwhileC Therefore17.A changeDtakeB watchC count18.A well-being C formationD coordination19.A levelDspace20.A designD prescriptionB loveC knowledgeB routineC diet2021考研英语一完形填空试题及答案解析1.【答案】C(peaks)【解析】逻辑关系题。and then提示顺承,借助slowly decline(慢慢下降)可知,C 项peaks(达到最高点)符合原文逻辑关系,即流动智力在成年早期达到峰值,之后很长一段时间趋于稳定,之后随着年龄增长,慢慢下降。本题答案为C 项。干扰选项:A 项 pauses(暂停),B 项 returns(返回)和 D 项 fades(逐渐消失),均不符合原文逻辑关系。2.【答案】D(generally)【解析】语境题。比较各选项语义,A 项alternatively(二者择一一地),B 项 formally(形式上地),C 项 accidentally(偶然地)和 D 项 generally(通常),其中,D 项 generally(通常)最符合原文语义。本题答案为D项。3.【答案】A(while)【解析】逻辑关系题。观察选项可知,本题考查句内逻辑关系,比较aging is inevitable和 scientists are finding out that.may not be 可知,inevitable 和 may not be 提示语义相反,即“衰老不可避免”,与“科学家们发现大脑功能的某些变化可能并非不可避免“二者语义相反。A 项 while(尽管)提示让步,符合原文逻辑关系。本题答案为A 项。干扰选项:B 项 since(由于)提示因果关系,C 项 once(一旦)提示条件关系,D 项until(到为止)提示顺承关系,均不符合原文逻辑关系。4.【答案】B(accumulation)【解析】逻辑关系题。and提示并列,muscle loss和 the 4 of body fat around theabdomen(腹 部 脂 肪 的 4)互相并列,借助muscle loss(肌肉流失)可知,B 项 accumulation(积累)符合原文逻辑关系,即,肌肉流失和腹部脂肪堆积。本题答案为B 项。干扰选项:A 项 detection(侦查),C 项 consumption(消耗)和 D 项 separation(分离),均不符合原文逻辑关系。5.【答案】A(possibility)【解析】语境题。This指代上句的研究发现,本句继续介绍研究发现。比较各选项语义,A 项 possibility(可能性),B 项 decision(决定),C 项 goal(目标)和 D 项 requirement(要求),可知,A 项 possibility符合原文语义,即,这表明生活方式因素可能有助预防这种下降的可能性。本题答案为A 项。6.【答案】A(delay)【解析】逻辑关系题。提示并列,借助prevent(预防)可知,A 项 delay(延期)符合原文逻辑关系,即预防或延迟流动智力下降。本题答案为A 项。干扰选项:B 项 ensure(保证),C 项 seek(寻求)和 D 项 utilize(利用),均不符合原文逻辑关系。7.【答案】C(included)【解析】语境题。本题考查连接data(数据)和 measurements(测量结果)的动词词义。比较各选项语义,A 项 modified(修改),B 项 supported(支持),C 项 included(包括)和 D 项 predicted(预 测),可知C 项 included符合原文语义,即研究人员查看了包括4,000多名中老年男性和女性瘦肌肉群和腹部脂肪测量结果的数据。本题答案为C 项。8.【答案】B(compared)【解析】逻辑关系题。and 提示并列,looked at data 和 8 that data to reported changes互相并列,借助looked at(查看)可知,B 项 compared(比较)符合原文逻辑关系,且能与介词to 构成固定搭配,compare to(将.与.相比)。本题答案为B 项。干扰选项:其余各项与介词to 构成固定搭配,A 项 devoted to.(把.用于),C项 converted to(把.转化为.),D 项叩plied to(把.应用于.),均不符合原文逻辑关系。9.【答案】A(with)【解析】固定搭配题。观察选项可知,本题考查介词用法。比较各选项,A 项 with(带有.),B 项 above(在.上面),C 项 by(通过.)和 D 项 against(与.相反),可知,A 项 with连接higher measures of abdominal fa t,作后置定语修饰people,符合原文语义,即,有着更高腹部脂肪的中年人。本题答案为A 项。10.【答案】C(scored)【解析】语境题。比较各选项语义,A 项 lived(生活),B 项 managed(管理),C项 scored(得分)和 D 项 played(玩耍),可知,C 项 scored符合原文语义,即,他们发现,有着更多腹部脂肪的中年人,在流动智力方面得分较低。本题答案为C 项。11.【答案】D(went by)【解析】固定搭配题。借助astheyears(随着年岁),并比较各选项语义,A 项ran out(用完),B 项 set off(出发),C 项 drew in(引诱)和 D 项 went by(时间逝去),可知,D 项 went by符合原文语义。本题答案为D 项。12.【答案】B(attributable)【解析】语境题。resulted from excess abdominal fat(腹部脂肪过多所致),并比较各选项与介词to 构成的搭配,A 项 superior to(比.好的),B 项 attributable to(可归因于.),C 项 parallel to(与.平行的)和 D 项 resistant lo(不受.损害的),可知,B 项 attributable符合原文语义,即,对于女性来说,这种关联(腹部脂肪越高,流动智力方面的得分越低)可能要归因于腹部脂肪过多所致的免疫力变化。本题答案为B 项。13.【答案】C(involved)【解析】逻辑关系题。For women与 in men提示对比关系,借助the association maybe 12 to changes in immunity(这 种 关 联 可 能 1 2 免疫力变化)可知,C 项 involved(使成为必然部分,与 be连用时,可理解为“与有 关 符 合 原 文 语 义,即,对男性来说,(这种关联)似乎与免疫系统无关;且符合原文逻辑。本题答案为C 项。干扰选项:A 项 restored(被恢复),B 项 isolated(被孤立)和 D 项 controlled(被控制),均不符合原文逻辑关系。14.【答案】D(explain)【解析】语境题。本题考查连接future studies和 these differences的动词语义,而 thesedifferences是指上句中男性和女性的流动智力得分,与腹部脂肪堆积所致的免疫力变化有关与无关的区别。现有研究只发现了这种区别,而背后的原因,只能寄希望于未来相关研究。D 项 explain(解释)符合原文语义,即,希望未来研究能解释这些区别。本题答案为D 项。干扰选项:A 项 alter(改变),B 项 spread(展开)和 C 项 remove(去掉),均不符合原文语义。15.【答案】D(treatments)【解析】语境题。借助lead to ditferent 15 for men and women(促成针对女性和男性的 不 同 15),并结合these differences所指的免疫力与流体智力间二者间的关联在男性和女性中体现不同,可知,D 项 treatments(疗法)符合原文语义,即,或许会促成针对女性和男性的不同疗法。本题答案为D 项。干扰选项:A 项 compensations(补偿),B 项 symptoms(症状)和 C 项 demands(要求),均不符合原文语义。16.【答案】B(Meanwhile)【解析】逻辑关系题。观察选项可知,本题考查句间逻辑关系。比较上句与本句发现:从内容上说,上句为对未来研究的期待,本句为目前可采取的措施(steps);从文章段落结构来说,上段为研究结论,本段为研究带来的启示。前后两句呈现研究的不同方面,体现对比关系。观察选项,B 项 Meanwhile(与此同时)符合原文逻辑关系,即期待未来进一步研究的同时,目前也可以采取一些措施,二者方向不同,但可同时进行。本题答案为B 项。干扰选项:A 项 Likewise(同样地)提示并列关系,C 项 Therefore(因此)提示因果关系,D 项 Instead(相反地)提示转折关系,均不符合原文逻辑关系。17.【答案】D(take)【解析】固定搭配题。take steps(采取措施)为固定搭配,且符合原文语义,即,您可以采取一些措施来帮助减少腹部脂肪并保持瘦肌肉群。本题答案为D 项。干扰选项:A 项 change(改变),B 项 watch(观察)和 C 项 count(数),均不能与steps构成符合原文语义的固定搭配。18.【答案】A(well-being)【解析】语境题。由protect both your physical and mental(保护您身体和心理的.)可知,A 项 well-being(健康)符合原文语义,即,为了保护您的身心健康。本题答案为A项。干扰选项:B 项 process(过程),C 项 formation(形成)和 D 项 coordination(协调),均不符合原文语义。19.【答案】A(level)【解析】语境题。结合aerobic exercise(有氧运动),并比较各选项,A 项 level(水平),B 项 love(热爱),C 项 knowledge(知识)和 D 项 space(空间),可知,A 项符合原文语义,即,维持或提高有氧运动水平。本题答案为A 项。20.【答案】C(diet)【解析】逻辑关系题。and提示并列,借助exercise(锻炼),并结合空格后high in fiber(高纤维)和 eliminates highly processed foods(去除高度加工的食品),可知,C 项 diet(日常饮食)符合原文逻辑,即,两种强烈推荐的生活方式分别为:维持或提高有氧运动水平,以及遵循高纤维、去除高度加工食品的地中海式饮食习惯。本题答案为C 项。干扰选项:A 项 design(设计),B 项 routine(常规)和 D 项 prescription(药方),均不符合原文逻辑关系。