考研英语新题型历年真题_(含答案).pdf
考 研 英 语 新 题 型 历 年 真 题（含 答 案）新 题 型 全 真 试 题(20052009年)Passage 1Part BDirections:In the following text,some sentences have been removed.For Questions 41-45,choose the mostsuitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Canadas premiers(the leaders of provincial governments),if they have any breath left aftercomplaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting,might spare a moment to dosomething,together,to reduce health-care costs.Theyre all groaning about soaring health budgets,the fastest-growing component of whichare pharmaceutical costs.41.E According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information,prescription drugcosts have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending.Part of the increasecomes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments.Part of it arises from new drugscosting more than older kinds.Part of it is higher prices.What to do?Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care tosay nothing of reports from other experts-recommended the creation of a national drug agency.Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs,bureaucracy,procedures andlimited bargaining power,all would pool resources,work with Ottawa,and create a nationalinstitution.42.C What does“national mean?Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirbyrecommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National HealthCouncil.But“national doesnH have to mean that.National could mean interprovincial-provincescombining efforts to create one body.Either way,one benefit of a“national“organization would be to negotiate better prices,ifpossible,with drug manufacturers.Instead of having one province or a series of hospitals withina province negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list,the national agency wouldnegotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than,say,Quebec,negotiating on behalf of seven million people,the national agencywould negotiate on behalf of 31 million people.Basic economics suggests the greater the potentialconsumers,the higher the likelihood of a better price.43.G|Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream.They like divided buyers;they can lobby better that way.They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province toanother.They can hope that,if one province includes a drug on its list,the pressure will causeothers to include it on theirs.They wouldnt like a national agency,but self-interest would leadthem to deal with it.A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of theCanadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment,funded by Ottawa and theprovinces.Under it,a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugsshould be included.Predictably,and regrettably,Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making.They(particularlyQuebec and Alberta)just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few,if any,stringsattached.Thats one reason why the idea of a national list hasnt gone anywhere while drug costskeep rising fast.44.F So,if the provinces want to run the health-care show,they should prove theycan run it,starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication,saveadministrative costs,prevent one province from being played off against another,and bargain forbetter drug prices.Premiers love to quote Mr.Romanows report selectively,especially the parts about morefederal money.Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs:A national drugagency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order toconstrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”45.B Or they could read Mr.Kirbys report:4 4the substantial buying power of such anagency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowestpossible purchase prices from drug companies.So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list,theyshould also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets andpatients.A Quebecs resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology.One of the firstadvocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University.Quebecs Drug Insurance Fundhas seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent!B|Or they could read Mr.Kirbys report:the substantial buying power of such an agencywould strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possiblepurchase prices from drug companies.C What does“national mean?Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended afederal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.D The problem is simple and stark:health-care costs have been,are,and will continue toincrease faster than government revenues.E According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information,prescription drug costs haverisen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending.Part of the increase comes fromdrugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments.Part of it arises from new drugs costingmore than older kinds.Part of it is higher prices.F So,if the provinces want to run the health-care show,they should prove they can run it,starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication,save administrative costs,prevent one province from being played off against another,and bargain for better drug prices.G Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream.They like divided buyers;they canlobby better that way.They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another.They can hope that,if one province includes a drug on its list,the pressure will cause others toinclude it on theirs.They wouldnt like a national agency,but self-interest would lead them to dealwith it.Passage 2Part BDirections:In the following text,some sentences have been removed.For Questions 41-45,choose the mostsuitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the blanks.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville,Ind.,home of David Williams,52,and ofa riverboat casino where gambling games are played.During several years of gambling in thatcasino,Williams,a state auditor earning$35,000 a year,lost approximately$175,000.He hadnever gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for$20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino,lost the$20 and left.On his second visit he lost$800.The casinoissued to him,as a good customer,a Fun Card,which when used in the casino earns points formeals and drinks,and enables the casino to track the users gambling activities.For Williams,these activities become what he calls electronic morphine.(4 1).In 1997 he lost$21,000 to one slot machine in two days.In March 1997 helost$72,186.He sometimes played two slot machines at a time,all night,until the boat locked at 5a.m.,then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m.Now he is suing the casino,charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted.It did know hehad a problem.In March 1998,a friend of Williamses got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center foraddictions,and wrote to inform the casino of Williamss gambling problems.The casino includeda photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers,and wrote to him a“cease admissionsletter.Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behaviors,the letter said thatbefore being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological informationdemonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(4 2).The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning:Enjoy the fun.andalways bet with your head,not over it.Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number forcounseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health.Nevertheless,Williamss suit chargesthat the casino,knowing he was helplessly addicted to gambling,“intentionally worked to lure”him to“engage in conduct against his will.Well.(4 3).The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-IV)says pathological gambling“involves persistent,recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less ofmoney than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(4 4).Pushed by science,or what claims to be science,society is reclassifying whatonce were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physicaldisabilities.(4 5).Forty-fbur states have lotteries,29 have casinos,and most of these states are to varyingdegrees dependent on-you might say addicted to-revenues from wagering.And since the firstInternet gambling site was created in 1995,competition for gamblers dollars has become intense.The Oct.28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinosevery week.With$3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year,gambling has passedpornography as the Webs most profitable business.A Although no such evidence was presented,the casinos marketing department continuedto pepper him with mailings.And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without beingdetected.|BJ It is unclear what luring was required,given his compulsive behavior.And in what sensewas his will operative?C By the time he had lost$5,00()he said to himself that if he could get back to even,hewould quit.One night he won$5,500,but he did not quit.D Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever,but for a long time it wasbroadly considered a sin,or a social disease.Now it is a social policy:the most important andaggressive promoter of gambling in America is government.E David Williamss suit should trouble this gambling nation.But dont bet on it.F It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems,oftendefining as addictions what earlier,sterner generations explained as weakness of will.G The anonymous,lonely,undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductiveto compulsive behavior.But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling,what would be its grounds for doing so?Passage 3Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guidetheir children into adulthood.Choose a heading from the list A-G that best fits the meaning ofeach numbered part of the text(41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered.There are two extra headings that you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET 1.(10 points)A.Set a Good Example for Your KidsB.Build Your Kids Work SkillsC.Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesD.Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE.Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF.Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG.Build Your Kids Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids.Even if a jobs starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adults need for rapid content,the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for themove.Here are a few measures,drawn from my book Ready or Not,Here Life Comes,thatparents can take to prevent what call work-life unreadiness.(4 1).You can start this process when they are 1 1 or 12.Periodically review their emergingstrengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings,like difficulty incommunicating well or collaborating.Also,identify the kinds of interests they keep coming backto,as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.(4 2).Kids need a range of authentic role models-as opposed to members of their clique,pop starsand vaunted athletes.Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows andhow they got where they are.Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourageyour kids to form some ideas about their own future.When asked what they want to do,theyshould be discouraged from saying“I have no idea.They can change their minds 200 times,buthaving only a foggy view of the future is of little good.(4 3).Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn;parents should be responsiblefbr teaching them how to work.Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homeworkdeadlines are met.Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job.Kids need plenty of practicedelaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills,such as managing time andsetting priorities.(4 4).Playing video games encourages immediate content.And hours of watching TV shows withcanned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way.At the same time,listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids tostay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors.All these activities can prevent thegrowth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to developthe kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.(4 5).They should know how to deal with setbacks,stress and feeling of inadequacy.They shouldalso learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts,ways to brainstorm and think critically.Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills toeveryday life situations.What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wanderingaimlessly through early adulthood?Parents still have a major role to play,but now it is moredelicate.They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child.They shouldexhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult(as naive orill conceived as it may seem)while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future.Most ofall,these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciatesthem.Passage 4Part BDirections:Part BDirections:In the following article,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41 45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the blanks.Mark your answers onANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)The time for sharpening pencils,arranging your desk,and doing almost anything else insteadof writing has ended.The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding theinevitable and sit,stand up,or lie down to write.(41)Be flexible.Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next,but do notpermit it to railroad you.If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now,work it into the draft.(4 2)Grammar,punctuation,and spelling can wait until you revise.Concentrate on whatyou are saying.Good writing most often oc
