2023年八年级英语人教版goforit上册知识点汇总.pdf

八年级上册英语知识重点复习Un i tl W h ere didyou go on va c a tion?短语搭配：1.buy s th for a b./bu y sb.st h 为某人买某物 2.taste+a dj.尝起来.3.n othi n g.but+V.(原形)除了.之外什么都没有 4.seem+(t o b e)+adj 看起来5.arrive in+大地方/arrive at+小地方 到达某地6.d e cid e to d o s th.决定做某事7.try doin g s t h.尝试做某事/try t o d o s th.尽力做某事8.e njoy d o ing s t h.喜欢做某事9.wa n t to d o s t h.想去做某事 10.start d o i ng s t h.开始做某事11.stop doin g s t h.停止做某事 12.loo k+adj 看起来1 3.d i s like d o i ng sth.不喜欢做某事14.Why no t do sth.为什么不做.呢?15.s o+adj+tha t+从句 如此.以至于.16.t el 1 s b.(n o t)to d o s t h.告诉某人(不要)做某事17.keep d oing s th.继续做某事 1 8.forget t o d o sth.忘掉去做某事/forg e t d oi n g sth 忘掉做过某事重难点精练1 .复合不定代词或副词的构成及用法构成：由 some,any,no,every分别加上一body,-thing,-o n e 构成的不定代词叫做合成不定代词;加上一wh e r e 构成副词。用法：(1)不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。T h ere is not h ing wrong with t h e TV.Eve r yb o d y like s r eading.(2)some-不定代词，通常用于肯定句中；any-不定代词则多用于否认句、疑问句中。但 some-可用于表请求、邀请、预料对方会作肯定回答时的疑问句中。S om e on e is ca 1 1 in g me.T h ere i snt anyon e e 1 s e t h e re.Is a nybod y ove r t here?C o u 1 d y o u g i ve me s o methin g to e a t?(3)形容词修饰不定代词时要后置。The r e i s somet h in g d eli c ious on th e t a b le.巩固练习：.I cant hear anything=I ca n he a r.T h ere is on t h e f 1 oo r.P 1 ea s e pi c k it u p.（3）.No o n e ho w t o do it.A.know B.know s C.k n owi n g D.kn e w.Th e res i n the n e w s p a p er.Yo u sh o u Id read it.A.impor t a n t something B.s o meth i n g boring C.b o ri n g somethi n g D.s omethingimpo r tant.2.arrive i n 到达十 大地方（国家省市）a r rive at到达+小地方（机场 商店等）g e t t o 到达+地方 r each到达+地方练习:Th e Sm iths.N ew York at 8:00 1 ast ni g h t.A.ar r ive d at B.g o 11 o C.r e a c h D.arr i v ed3.t r y to c o st h.意为；tr y do i ng s t h.意为_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _W e sh o uldnt t r y （stu d y）E nglis h,we shoul d try （study）En g I i sh.4.1 f e 1 t li k e I was a b i r d.（翻译）.fe e llik e 意为 后 常 接.此 外 fe e ll i ke还意为Do y ou feel li k e a cup o f tea?5.1 wonde r what lif e was lik e h e r e in t he p a s t.（番 羽 译）won d er为及物动词，意为“想知道”，后常接疑问词（who,what,w hy）引导的从句。I wo n d e r y o u are doin g.（我想知道你正在做什么。）6.为太多，后接可数名词复数；+不可数名词（money）;为太后接形容词或副词（big）U nit 2 Ho w often d o y o u exer c i s e?惯用法：1.help s b.with s th2.How a b ou t.?帮助某人做某事.怎么样?/.好不好?3.w ant sb.t o d o sth.想让某人做某事4.How man y+可数名词复数+一般疑问句.有多少5.主语+find+t h a t从句6.Ifs+adj.+to d o s th.7.spend t i me w i t h s b.8.ask s b.a b out sth.9.b y do i n g sth.10.Wh a t9s y o ur fav o rite.?1 1 start d o in g sth.1 2.the b es t w a y to do s th.发现做某事是的和某人一起度过时光向某人询问某事通过做某事你最喜欢的是什么？开始做某事做某事的最佳方式1.h o w ofte n 多久一次,用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用:o n c e,twic e,thre e tim e s等词语。How o ften do y o u p 1 ay spor t s?Thre e tim e s a week.how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。H o w long does i t take to g e t to Sha n g ha i f rom h e re?How long is th e r ul e r?how f o r多远，用来询问距离，指路程的远近。How f ar is it f rom her e t o t h e park?If sabout 2 kil o m e t ers.1.f r e e空闲的，有空的，反义词为bu s y.be f r e e有空,闲着，相称于have time.Fl 1 be f r ee nex t week.=T 1 1 have t i me next w e ek.还可作“免费的、自由的“解。b e f re e t o do s th.自由地做某事。Th e tic k ets are free.Yo u 7re free t o go or to st a y.2.How c o m e?怎么会？怎么回事？表达某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通;可单独使用,也可引导一个问句，相称于疑问句w hy,但how com e开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。How c ome T o m d i dnt come t o the p arty?=Why didnt Tom c ome t o th e p a rt y?3.st a y u p la t e 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡D o n 5t st a y u p late n ext t ime.st a y u p 指“熬夜，不睡觉。He stay e d u p a 1 1 ni g ht to writ e h i s sto r y.4.g o t o b e d 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven lastn ig h t.go t o sle e p 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡S he was s o t i r ed t h at sh e went t o s 1 ee psoon.5.find+宾语+名词，发 现：We h a v e found h im(to be)a g o od boy.f i nd+宾语+形容词，发现：He fo u nd t he r o om d irty.find+宾语+现在分词，发 现：I f o u nd h er standing at t h e do o r.6.per c e n t 百分数，基数 词+p ere e nt：p e r c en t 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。Forty percent o f th e s t u dent s i n ou r cl ass a r e g irls.Thirty pe r c ent of tim e pa s s e d.7.more th a n 超过,多于，不仅仅，相称于over.在句型转换中考察两者的同义替换。反义词组为:les s th a n.Iliv e d in S h a ngh a i f o r more t han/over ten y ea r s.9.a f r a id 形容词，紧张的，胆怯的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。Im afraid w e cant c o me here o n tim e.b e afra i d o f s b/sth 胆怯某人/某事；be a f rai d of doin g s t h.胆怯做某事。Some child r e n are afr a i d o f the d ar k.Don be a fr a id of a sking ques t i on.Fm a f r ai d+从句，恐怕，紧张：Fm af r aid I h a ve to go no w.10.sometimes,so m e tim e,some times,som e time 的区别：some t i m e s 频度副词，有时。表达动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。Some t imes I g et up v ery e arly.-How of t en do y o u g e t up?som etim e副词，某个时候。表达不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时,对它用疑问词wh e n.I wi 1 1 g o t o S h a n g ha i sometim e next we e k.Wh e n w i 1 1 you go to S h a n ghain e xt week?som e t im es名词词组，几次，几倍。其中t ime是可数名词，对它提问用ho w man y t imes.I h a ve read t h e s t ory s ome t imes.-How ma n y t i mes h av e y o u r e ad t h e st o ry?so m e time名词短语，一段时间.表达“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时用H o w long,I ll stay here fo r s o me t i me.-H o w Ion g w ill y o u s t ay h e re?2.har d ly ever几乎从不 h a rd 1 y ever相称于 h a rd 1 y,ever起强调作用。hard ly为副词，意为“几乎不没有相称于a 1 most n。t,自身具有否认含义，不能再使用其他否认词。E.g.S he hard!y e a ts a n ything.辨析：h a rd ly 和 hard hard作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；hard作副词，意为“努力地，剧烈地”。hardly意为“几乎不”(1)The gr o u n d is t oo to d i g(2)I can u n der s tand them.(3)I t s ra i ni n g,t h e p e ople can go ou t sid e.3.H o w o fte n do you w a tc h TV?-Tw ice a week.(1)how o f ten意为“多久一次,多长时间一次“，用来提问频率。(2)tw i c e a w e e k 一周两次拓展:一次 o n c e 两 次 tw ic e三次或三次以上 基数词+tim e s th r e e t im e s four times6.I go to the mo v i e s ma y b e on c e a m o nth.我也许一个月去看一次电影。m aybe副词，意为“或许，大约，也许”，常位于句首。E.g.Ma y b e h e k n ows th e w ay to t he p ark.辨析:mayb e 与 may be may b e 副词，作状语，意为“或许，大约，也许”，常位于句首。maybe属于“情态动词+be动词”结构，意为“也许是工(1)The baby i s c r ying she i s h u ngry.(2)T h e w oman a tea c her.(1)I t?s+adj.+to d o st h 做某事,，”的E.g.I ts v ery e as y to lea r n Engl i sh we 1 1 .(2)b y doing s t h.通过做某事(3)the b e st wa y t o do s t h.is做某事的最佳方式13.11 is heal t hy for the mi n d a n d th e bod y.这有益于身心健康。st a y hea 1 thy=kee p hea 1 t h y=k eep in g ood h e alth 保持健康Uni t 3 Im mor e o u t g oin gth an my sis t er短语用法:1.h a ve fun d o i ng st h.享受做某事的乐趣2.want to d o s t h.想要做某事3.as+形容词或副词的原级+as与同样.4.be good at d oing s th擅长做某事5.m a ke s b.Do s t h.让某人做某事6.Ifs+形容词+f o r s b.T o do sth.对某人来说，做某事是.的词语辨析：1 augh v.&n.笑We a 1 1 laugh e d lo u d 1 y whe n she made a joke.她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。We all 1 a ughed at h i s j o ke.听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。He laug h s b e st who 1 aughs last.谁笑在最后，谁笑得最佳。/不要快乐得太早。（与at连用）嘲笑D o n 3 1 augh at him.别嘲笑他。P eople have often laughed at stories told b y seame n.人们经常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。E veryone laug h ed a t h is f ool i sh antics.大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。笑；笑声 We h ad a good laug h at h is j o k e.我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。though conj.虽然;纵然;即使;尽管=al t hou g hThough i t w as r ai n ing,he w ent the r e.虽然当时正下着雨,他还是到那里去了。Though he was p oor he wa s hap p y.虽然他很穷却不久乐。注意:不能受汉语的影响，在th o u g h引导的从句后使用b u t。如：Th o ugh he w a s p o or,but he wa s happ y.（误）th o ugh a d v.,但是，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。Jim said t h a t he would com e,he didnt,t h o u gh.1.T a r a work s a s hard as T in a.塔拉学习和蒂娜同样努力。as.a s意为“与同样 s.as中间接形容词或副词的原级。其否认结构no t a s/s o.a s意为“不如.E.g.He i s as tall as his father.他和他爸爸同样高。Tom g ets up as earl y as J i m.汤姆起得和吉姆同样早。Lucy i s n9t a s out g oing a s M a r y.露西不如玛丽外向。注意:(1)其否认式为 not as/so+a d j./a d v.+as。E.g.This dicti o n ary is n o t a s/s o us e fu 1 a s you think.(2)若有修饰成分，如twi c e,t h r e e t imes,half,a quarter等，则须置于第一个a s之前。E.g.Y o ur bag i s twic e a s ex p ensi v e a s m i n e.你的包比我的贵一倍。3.You c an tel 1 th a t L is a real 1 y want e d t o win,tho u g h.但是,你能看得出来，丽萨的确想赢。win此处用作不及物动词，意为“赢；获胜”；w i n还可用作及物动词，意为“赢得;在中获胜”，此时其后的宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。E.g.H e w o n t h e fi r st prize.Who w o n th e r a ce?辨析:wi n与b e a t w in表达“赢得；获胜”，用作及物动词时，其宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。E.g.We won t h e b a s ke t b a 1 1 g a me.beat表达“打赢；战胜”,用于比赛时,其宾语为所战胜的对手。E.g.L i Lei b e a t all t h e r u nn e r s in t h e 1 0 0 -met r e r ace.(2)t h。ugh此处作副词，意为“但是;可是;然而，通常用于句末，前面用逗号与句子隔开。E.g.Jim s a id t hat he w o u 1 d come;he didnt,tho u g h.拓展：t h o ugh作连词，意为“虽然;尽管“，相称于alth o u g h oE.g.Th o u gh h e has no money,h e live s v er y hap p ily.注意:a!thou g h/t h ough 与 but不能同时出现在 一 个 句 了 中。E.g.Though h e has no money,he 1 i v es very hap p ily.=H e has no money,b ut he 1 i v e s v e ry ha p pily.Un i t4 Whafs the b est mo v ie t he a ter短语：so far 到目前为止，迄今为止 no prob 1 em 没什么，别客气h a ve.i neo mmon 有相同特性(想法、爱好等方面)相同 b e up t o是.的职责all ki n d s of.各种各样的.pla y a r o le 发挥作用,有影响make up 编造(故事、谎言等)for e xample 例如t a k e.seri o us 1 y 认真对待 no t eve r ybo d y 并不是每个人clo s e t o 离近 more an d m o r e 越来越.形容词副词的比较级练习用括号里的词的适当形式填空1.We wen t t o t h e(bad)r est a u r a n t in town 1 ast ni g ht.T he m e n u h ad onl ylOdi s h e s and t he s e r v i c e wa s not goo d at all.2.Blue M o on i s (g ood),but Mile r 9 s is(g o od)in town.3.The Big Sc r een is(e x pe n sive)th a n most c i nemas,but Cinema Ci ty is (exp e n s i ve).4.Mov i e Cit y has t he(bad)s e rv i ce,b u t we c a n sit t h e(comfor t abl y)there.5.Jo h n ny D e p acted the(g ood)in t h at movi e.He9s m u c h(g o o d)t han ot h e r a c tors at finding the(i n t e r es t i ng)role.Unit e 5 Do you w a n t to a game show?常用法：l e t s b.d o s th.pl a n to d o s th.h o pe to d o s t h.hap p en to do st h.expect to do sth.How a b out d oin g.be re a d y to d o sth.try on e?s b e st to do st h.1.the o th e r,t h e other s,o t h er,o t he r s,ano th e r 辨析the o th e r表达特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，可直接单数名词或复数名词。表达两个中的一个.另一个.时，常用onethe other.o例：H e h as tw o b ro t h e r s,one is a t e ac h er,th e ot h er i s a doctor.There a r e fo r t y s t u den t s i n our class,t wen ty o n e a r e girls,th e o th e r ninetee n ar e boys.the o t h e r s 特指某一范围内的其他的(人或物)，是 t he o t he r 的复数形式，相称于th e other+复数名词。t h e o t her+复数名词=any o t h e r+名词单数。例：Y ou t wo stay here,the o t hers go w i th me.Im d i f ferent from J ef f b ecause Im lo u d e r tha n the o the r k i d s(a n y ot h er k id)i nmy cla s s.o th e r作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例：We 1 ear n C h inese,Mat h s,E nglish and other s ubj e c ts.ot h e r s 作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”。例：Som e s t uden t s ar e doi n g homework,o the r s are talkin g loudly.another泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：I d o n5t like this one.Pl e ase show me anot h e r one.1.happe n v.发生，一般指偶尔发生，主语为事，不能为人。S th +happens t o s b.A traffic a c c iden t hap p ened to his el d e r broth e r y es t erday.S th +h a pp e ns+地点/时间，意为:某地/某时发生了某事An a c c i dent h a ppened o n Park S t reet.happen v,表达“恰巧”，主语可以是人，后常跟动词不定式t o,表达“恰巧Sb+h a ppens to d o sth.I h a p p e ned t o see my u ncl e on t h e street.*take pl ace意为“发生，举行，举办“，一般指非偶尔性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种因素或事先的安排。例：G r eat changes ha v e taken place in C hina.T he meeti n g will take p 1 ace next F r iday.2.e xpec t v.期待，盼望，预期，后常接四种结构:Dexpect+名词/代词，期待某事/某人，预计也许发生。Im expecti n g Li L i ns 1 et t e r.2)e xpect to d o s t h.预计做某事L i l y exp e cts to come b ack next w e e k.3)expec t sb.to d o s t h.I expe c t m y mot h er t o c ome back early.4)e x pe c t+从 句 预 计I e x pec t ed that Til come b a ck next Mo n day.7.serious a.严厉的，认真的。He is a ser i o us man.be serio u s a b out sb/s t h.对某人/某事当真P ete r is se r i ous a b o u t Jen n y.He wants to g e t married to her.be serio u s ab o ut doi n g sth.对某事当真 Hes s erious abouts e Hing h is h o u s e.Unit 6 Fm going to s t u dy computer s cie n ce短语:grow u pe very d ay b e sure abou tmake s u r esend.t o.be a b 1 e tothe meaning ofd i f fr ent kinds ofthe me a n i n g ofi n commona t th eg i n ning ofwr i t e d o wnh ave t o d o withtake uphard 1 y everb eet o o.to.短语用法:want t o d ob e goi n g to +动词原形p r a c tice doing sth.keep o n doing s th.s t h.learn to do s th.f inis h do i ng sthpro mi s e to do s th.help s b.t o do s t h.rem e m b er t o do s th.ag r ee to do s th.1 ove to d o st h.b e going to 的用法1)be g o i n g to+动词原形-表达将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表达将来的tomor row,n ext y e a r 等时间状语或w h e n 引导的时间状语从句连用。各种句式变换都借助be动词完毕，b e 随主语有a m,is,are的变换,g o ing t o 后接动词原形。肯定句：主语+be going t o+动词原形+其他。H e i s going t o take t he bus th e r e.否认句：主语+b e n o tg o ing to+动词原形+其他 Im not g o ing t o see my friend s t h i s week en d.一般疑问句：Be+主 语+going to +动 词 原 形+其他肯定回答：Y e s,主 语+b e.否认回答：N o,主语+be n o t.Are you g o i n g t o s e e your f r i end s thi s weekend?Yes,I am./No,Im n ot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他？W hat is he g oing to do this week e n d?Whe n are y o u going to se e your fr i ends?2)假如表达计划去某地，可直接用be go i ng to+地点We a re g o in g t o Beijing for a holi d ay.3)表达位置移动的动词，如go,come,1 e ave等常用进行时表达将来。The bu s i s c oming.My a u n t is lea v i n g f o r Be i jing next week.4)b e going to 与 will 的区别：对未来事情的预测用“w川+动词原形”表达，w i l l 没有人称和数的变化，变否认句要在w i 11后面加not,也可用wi l l 后面加n o t,或者缩略式w o if t,变一般疑问句将w ill提至 句首。Wi 1 1 p 1 a nes be large in the fut u r e?Yes,they will./N o,t h ey wont.w ill常表达说话人相信或希望要发生的事情，而be going to指某事肯定发生，常表达事情不久就要发生 o I beli e ve Luc y wil 1 b e a great d o c t o r.陈述将来的某个事实用will.I wi 1 1 t en y e ars old n ex t year.表达现在巨大将来要做的事情用w i l l.Im tire d I w i 1 1 g o t o bed.表达意愿用will.I l l tell you th e t ru t h.表达计划、打算要做的事情用be g o in g to,而不用will.Im g o in g t o buy a comp u te r t h is mo n th.-Le t sdi s cuss t h e plan,shall w e?N o t now.t o an i n tervi e w.A.goB.wen tC.am goin gD.was g o i n g J a c kis b u s yp a c k i ng lu g g age.Hefor America on vacation.B.1 e f tC.isle a vi n gD.h as b een away1 p r om i se v t.保证,许诺。有三种结构:A.1 e ave sIYe s.1 )prom i se t o do sth.M y mother promisedt o b u y a piano for me.2)p romis e s b.s t h.M y a u nt p romised m e a b i k e.3)promis e+tha t 从句T om prom i ses t hat h e c a n r e turn on time.pr o m i se n.允诺,诺言L i ly is a dishone s t girl.S h e n e ver k e e psa prom i se.2.when与w hile的区别:when表达“当.时候:既指时间点，又指一段时间,when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性的也可以是延续性的。When the te a c her c a m e in,t h e s tudents we r e t alki n g.W h en she a rr i v e s,Tl 1 cal 1 yo u.w h ile 表达“当时候”，仅指一段时间，从句中的动作必须是延续性的，一般强调主从句的动作同时发生,w hile还可以作并列连词,意为“而、却”，表达对比关系。Lisa w a s s in g in g w h ile her mother was p layin g pian o.Tom is st r ong w h i le his y ounger br o ther i s we e k.3.practice vt.练习，后接名词，代词或v-i n g作宾语。Y our elder s is t e r is pr a ct i c ing the gui t a r in t h e room.常跟v-ing 作宾语的动词有：考虑建议盼原谅:con s id e r,sugge s t/a dvise,look f o rward t o,e x c use,p a rdon.认可推迟没得想：admi t,d el a y/p u t off,fancy.避免错过继续练:avoi d,mi s s,kee p/k ee p o n,pr a c tice.否认完毕能欣赏：den y,finish,en j o y,appreciat e.不禁介意与逃亡：cant he Ip,min d,escape.不准冒险凭想象：f orbi d,risk,imagine.4.every day 与 e v e ry d a y 区 另 ljevery d ay adj.天天的 在句中作定语，位于名词前。T his i s o u r everyday h o me work.e v ery day副词短语，在句中作状语，位于句首或句末。He r e ads boo k s e v e r y day.Unit 7 W i 1 1 p e o p 1 e h a ve ro b ot s?用法：will+动词原形 将要做 fewer7mol*e+可数名词复数 更少/更多le s s/m o r e+不可数名词 更少/更多 try to do s t h.尽力做某事ha v e to d o s t h 不得不做某事 a g r e e with sb.批准某人的意见sue h+名词（词组）如此 play a part i n d o ing sth 参与做某事ma ke sb do st h 让某人做某事 h e Ip sb wi t h sth 帮助某人做某事T h ere w i 1 1 b e+主语+其他 将会有.T h e re is/a r e+sb.+do i ng sth 有正在做It is+形容词+f o r s b+to do sth 做某事对某人来说的词语辨析：L e very 与each的区别：e v e r y 用来表整体，e a c h 用来表个别。each最低需是两，every最低需是三。eve r y adj.e v e r y 作主用单数,e a c