2023年高考英语新时政热点阅读12环境保护（含解析）.pdf
2023年 高 考 英 语 新 热 点 时 文 阅 读-环 境 保 护 题 型 主 要 内 容 1 阅 读 理 解 因 为 目 前 的 雪 碧 瓶 子 无 法 被 循 环 利 用，因 此 可 口 可 乐 公 司 宣 布 将 用 透 明 的 瓶 子 取 代 绿 色 的 瓶 子。2 阅 读 理 解 介 绍 了 三 星 公 司 Ralhore和 他 的 团 队 致 力 于 将 废 弃 的 渔 网 回 收 再 利 用，并 成 功 将 其 用 于 制 作 三 星 G alaxy系 列 手 机，在 这 个 突 破 之 后，三 星 的 目 标 是 在 未 来 的 产 品 线 中 使 用 更 多 的 升 级 循 环 材 料。3 阅 读 理 解 介 绍 了 科 学 家 推 出 仿 生 机 器 人 鱼 以 清 除 海 洋 中 的 微 塑 料。4 阅 读 理 解 西 藏 自 治 区 的 一 个 偏 远 村 庄 新 开 的 小 市 场 吸 引 了 大 量 顾 客。（人 们 可 以 用）垃 圾 兑 换 商 品，这 是 其（该 市 场）成 功 的 秘 诀。5 阅 读 理 解 印 度 商 人 Ashay B h av e找 到 了 回 收 使 用 塑 料 袋 的 新 方 法 把 塑 料 袋 制 成 一 种 叫 作 ThaelyTex纤 维，然 后 用 这 种 纤 维 制 作 鞋 子；这 样，塑 料 袋 得 以 回 收 利 用，减 少 了 对 环 境 的 污 染。（2022 河 北 高 三 阶 段 练 习）Coca-Cola announced on Wednesday that it will begin transitioning（转 变）from green to clear plastic on Aug.I to increase the materials likelihood of being remade into newbeverage（饮 料）bottles.The beverage giant is committed to making 100%of its packaging recyclable by2025 and using at least 50%recycled material in its packaging by 2030.Sprite,an important brand of Coca-Cola,currently uses plastic bottles containg a green additive calledPolyethylene Telephthalate（PET）.These bottles are commonly changed into single-use items like clothingand carpeting that cant be recycled into new PET bottles.“Taking colors out of bottles improves the quality of the recycled m aterial,said Julian Ochoa,CEO ofR3CYCLE,which is working with Coca-Cola to improve bottle-to-bottle recycling.When recycled,clearPET Sprite bottles can be remade into bottles,helping drive a circular economy fbr plastic.Sprite,the popular lemon-flavored soft drink,which first hit shelves in 1961,is also getting a new logoand packaging design.Sprites packaging will keep the brands recognizable green colour and includenoticeable Recycle Me“message.Other drinks that use green bottles,including Fresca,Seagrams,andMello Yello,will also transition to clear packaging in the coming months.Both Coca-Cola and PepsiCo have been criticized for contributing to the worlds plastic pollution.In2021,both companies ranked as the worlds top plastic polluters for the 4th consecutive（连 续 的）year bythe environmental organization Break Free From Plastic.Global beach cleanups were carried out by morethan 11,000 volunteers in 45 countries to identify the most common plastic polluters.Break Free From Plasticfound that 20,000 Coca-Cola branded products were picked up,representing more pollution than the nexttwo top polluters combined.Coca-Cola announced its World Without Waste“sustainable packaging program in 2018,in which itpromised to make all of its packaging recyclable-excluding the caps and labels-as well as have at least25%of its beverages sold in refillable packaging by 2030.1.Whats the purpose of the first paragraph?A.To state the main idea of the text.B.To introduce Coca-Colas new product.C.To give the news background information.D.To draw peoples s attention to Coca-Cola.2.What do we know about green bottles from the text?A.Their material is of low quality.B.They can only be changed into single-use items.C.They contain more pollutants than clear bottles.D.They are more expensive to recycle.3.What did Break Free From Plastic find?A.20,000 Coca-Cola products were produced in 2021.B.Plastic was the most common polluter in 45 countries.C.The top three and four polluters made less pollution than Coca-Cola in 2021.D.Coca-Cola and PepsiCo were responsible for the environmental protection.4.What is the text mainly about?A.Coca-Colas releasing new soft drinks.B.Recycle Me,?message on the clear Sprite bottle.C.Colored bottles decreasing the quality of the recycled material.D.Sprite retiring its signature green plastic bottles after more than 60 years.02（江 苏 省 南 京 市 2022-2023学 年 高 三 上 学 期 期 初 考 试 英 语 试 题）Plastic fishing nets,the so-calledghost nets,abandoned yearly in the sea-about 1 million tons-are more than just rubbish;theyre a killer.Fish,sea birds,and turtles get caught in the netting and die,with more species at risk.Much shocked at this,Pranveer Singh Rathore,a materials-science engineer and materials R&Dmanager at Samsung,and his team set themselves the task of giving new life to the deadly nets.Last month,Samsung revealed a new line of Galaxy products made in part from recycled plastic fishing nets for the firsttime.The company estimates this year alone it can recycle over 50 tons of ocean-bound plastic into the keycomponents that will go into its smartphones,tablets,and computers,thus taking a bite out of the global ghostnets problem.Its no small task to give waste fishing nets a second act.The nets are typically made of a substancecalled nylon which tends to dramatically degrade（降 解）the longer it sits in the ocean and is exposed to thesun.This makes it nearly impossible to use abandoned fishing nets directly,Rathore explains.Besides,high-performance smartphone,tablet,or PC has to be wateiproof and can survive severe weather.The nylonin the fishing nets falls far short of that level of durability（耐 用）.To deal with that problem,Samsung last summer teamed up with two partners:one to collect andtransform the nets into tiny nylon pellets（颗 粒）while the other to strengthen their toughness and durability.The end result:The partners hit upon an eco-friendly and high-performance plastic material thafs being usedto build the component parts for its latest line of products.For example,two parts of the Galaxy S22 mobilephonethe key bracket and the inner cover-are made of these fishing-net plastic materials.Samsung aimsto use even more upcycled materials in future product lines.Thats the hope fbr the globe and our mission,“Rathore smiles.5.What does the underlined word this in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Rubbish in the sea.B.Recycling the deadly nets.C.Ocean species extinction.D.Ghost nets5 threat to sea life.6.What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A.The low level of durability of nylon.B.The second act of waste fishing nets.C.The great difficulty in reusing ghost nets.D.The positive comment on Samsungs products.7.What is special about Samsungs new Galaxy products?A.They are made from tiny nylon pellets.B.They put an end to the problem of fishing nets.C.They can stand up to water and severe weather.D.They contain materials recycled from ghost nets.8.What can we learn about Rathores work?A.It makes plastic easier to break down.B.It marks the shift of Samsungs mission.C.It protects the planet from choking on plastic.D.It raises public awareness of ocean exploration.03（黑 龙 江 省 哈 尔 滨 市 第 三 中 学 校 2022-2023学 年 高 三 上 学 期 第 一 次 验 收 考 试 英 语 试 卷）Chinesescientists have developed a fish-shaped light-actuated（光 驱 动 的）swimming robot that can eat”microplastics in water bodies and repair itself if damaged.Microplastics,pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters,are numerous and widely distributed in theocean.They are easily eaten by marine organisms（海 洋 生 物）and transmitted through the food chain,presenting a serious threat to human and ecosystem health.Inspired by nacre,also known as mother of pearl,a strong,durable and flexible material obtained fromhard shells,scientists from Sichuan University modeled nacre9s graphene-based gradient nanostructure（石 墨 烯 基 梯 度 纳 米 结 构）to create a durable,flexible and self-repairing nanocomposile（纳 米 复 合 材 料），according to a study published in the journal Nano Letters.The research team then used the new material to develop a 15-mm fish-like soft robot,enabling it toswim rapidly and absorb microplastics in water.Soft robots need to have high adaptability andenvironmental tolerance when working in complex water environments,9,said Wang Yuyan,the first authorof the research paper,who added that existing traditional soft robots are generally made of rubber,whichpoorly performed in mechanical capacity,easily damaged and have difficulty integrating（整 合）functions.The study showed that compared with traditional uniformly dispersed（均 匀 分 散 的）material structures,the new material used in the fish-shaped soft robot has many supramolecular（超 分 子）interactions betweenlayers,allowing the robot to recover its stability and functionality even when damaged and continue itsmicroplastic harvesting operations.The robotic fish can swim at a speed of 2.67 times its body length per second,exceeding the speeds ofpreviously reported soft swimmers and comparable to the speed of other small forms of plant and animal lifethat live in water.At present,the soft robot can only achieve the function of directionally collecting microplastics fromthe water surface.All these functions need to be developed and improved before large-scale application.The researchers are currently working on a new material that could detect microplastic underwater andshare live data online,the paper said.The new nanostructural design is expected to offer an effective extended path to other integrated robotsand to be applied in many fields such as solar power generation,chemical reaction catalysis bio medicine and aerospace.Click www.N.for more information,but members only.9.How is the fifth paragraph developed?A.By listing data.B.By giving examples.C.By making comparison.D.By reasoning.10.The fish-shaped light-actuated robot can swim at about millimeters per second.A.5.B.13.5.C.15.D.4011.Why hasnt the robot fish been put into large-scale application?A.The materials are too rare to find.B.Its function needs to be perfected.C.The nanostructure is not stable enough.D.The fish robot is rather easily damaged.12.According to the passage,which of the following statements is TRUE?A.The robot fish is used to detect microplastic underwater.B.Microplastics indirectly have a bad effect on human beings.C.The rubber-made robot fish is self-healing and has environmental tolerance.D.The new nanostructural design has already been applied in solar power generation.04（2022湖 南 怀 化 高 二 开 学 考 试）In less than two months,a newly opened minimarket in a remotevillage in Xigaze City,southwest Chinas Tibet,has attracted a large number of customers.The secret behindits success is the idea“rubbish for goods”.Villagers can redeem（兑 换）goods with used cartons（硬 纸 盒）and drink bottles.Early in the morning,Drukhyun,the first secretary of Chumik Village,came to check the stock（库 存）.“More and more people are coming to redeem goods and we need to timely ensure plentiful stocks,“Drukhyun said.Yet the move was not quite well received in the beginning,until they put their eyes on thepupils.The children used recyclables in exchange for snacks and soon the news spread.Now over 100villagers have redeemed goods with a value of over 5,100 yuan.The market has also provided jobs for four local residents that once lived under the poverty line,eachearning a monthly salary of 3,000 yuan.Tenzin Drolma is responsible for counting and weighing the goods.“Thanks to the market,I can get such a meaningful job.Local residents are highly motivated and Im prettybusy every day.”Since a rule of sorting the waste into categories（种 类）in Lhasa was carried out in November 2020,several green markets have opened one after another.In another similar supermarket in Lhasa,the shelvesare filled with edible oil,washing liquid,toothpaste and other daily products.All the products are onlyavailable by redeeming points.One kilogram of plastic waste can be redeemed for 13 points while onekilogram of cartons is worth of 5 points.Technology has also made the low-carbon lifestyle smarter and cleaner.In a community in LhasasChengguan District,the intelligent recycling bins can calculate the weight and upload（上 传）the redeemedpoints to cards of local residents,When the trash bins are full,it will automatically remind the cleaning staffto empty them,“said Pendran,director of the districfs waste sorting office.13.What do we know about the minimarket in Tibet?A.It was an immediate success when first founded.B.It began to spread with the help the local kids.C.It was not accepted for environmental damage.D.It allowed villagers to buy daily goods with cash.14.How does the minimarket affect the local area?A.It starts the local rule of waste sorting.B.It helps the locals get rid of poverty.C.It offers more diverse goods for the locals.D.It provides employment opportunities.15.What is Tenzin Drolma attitude towards the minimarket?A.Appreciative.B.Worried.C.Disapproving.D.Uncertain.16.What can the intelligent cycling bins do?A.Make cards fbr local residents.B.Sort the waste into several categories.C.Figure out the value of the recycles.D.Remind the residents to empty the bin.05（2022河 北 石 家 庄 二 中 实 验 学 校 高 三 开 学 考 试）Fashion designers are always looking for newmaterials to work with.Lately,ifs all about environment-friendly materials-recycled tires,mushrooms,even pineapple fibers!What if you want such a pair of shoes?Thaely is here to help.This sneaker brand out of Dubai wants to fight the growing problem of plastic pollution.Led by 23-year-old Indian businessman Ashay Bhave,they may have found a winning approach:making shoes out ofplastic grocery bags.Thaely“means“plastic bag“in the Hindi language.“I was looking to create footwear that is cost-effective and safe for the environment,Bhave said in aninterview with a newspaper.t6I needed to come up with something that uses recycled plastic without creatingany more plastic waste.Plastic bags were the perfect solution.He said five trillion plastic bags arc usedaround the world each year.4i was motivated to find a solution to this problem,v Bhave said.That solution was the fiber called ThaelyTex.Made entirely from plastic bags,the material looks andfeels like leather.That sounds promising.Better yet,the production process requires no additional chemicalsand produces no poisonous by-products.The result is a smart-looking pair of white low-top sneakers.Bhave wouldnt expose the full process for making ThaelyTex,but he said that each pair of shoes wasmade from up to 15 plastic bags and 22 plastic bottles.Where do they get the materials?Bhave told Elle thatwas the hardest part.t4The biggest challenge we faced was right at the first step of acquiring the plastic bags.”Finally,they got help from TrioTap Technologies,a waste management plant.Bhave said they offeredto collect the bags and also process them into ThaelyTex.So far,it seems like things are falling into place.There are already hundreds of pre-orders in place.Itsounds like they have some plans fbr the future.4We have a few more colors coming up,“said Bhave.Theyalso plan to put out a high-top model and bring in a line of clothing.Lets hope their growth is also friendlyto the environment.17.Why did Bhave choose to make shoes out of plastic bags?A.To set a new footwear trend.B.To test new materials for footwear.C.To reduce the use of plastic bags in his home country.D.To use recycled plastic in an environment-friendly way.18.What was the most difficult task for Bhave?A.Having a few more colors for Thaely.B.Processing plastic bags into ThaelyTex.C.Collecting enough production materials D.Dealing with many poisonous by-products19.The underlined part4 4put oufin the last paragraph probably m e a n s.A.produ
