中考英语专项练习题-科普知识类阅读.pdf
科 普 知 识 类 阅 读 一.阅 读 理 解（共 15小 题）1.What is your favorite food?We have a lot of healthy foods in our everyday life,such asmilk,bread,eggs,fruits and vegetables.They can give you energy to grow.Before your body uses the food you eat,it has to change the food.That*s whatdigestion means.Digestion begins with chewing（咀 口 爵）.You chew slowly your food with your teeth,the smaller the pieces of food become.After you swallow（咽 下）your food,it will moveto your stomach.Your stomach can stretch to hold the food.Special fluids（液 体）comein and help to break the food into smaller and smaller pieces.The food stays in your stomachfor a few hours.Then the food moves into the intestines（月 为）.The first part is the smallintestine.It is about 21 feet long.There,the food breaks down into nutrients（营 养 素）and your body can use them.Blood carries the nutrients to all parts of the body.Your bodycant use everything you eat.Anything that is not used goes to the large intestine,which is 4or 5 feet long and much wider than the small intestine.How to get rid of（去 除）these?Go to the washroom!根 据 材 料 内 容 选 择 最 佳 答 案.（1）Which of the following is healthy food?A.Milk and breadB.Eggs and fruits.C.Vegetables.D.All of the above（2）What does the underlined worddigestion,mean in Chinese?A.消 化 B.进 食 C.营 养 D.搅 拌（3）Where does digestion start?A.In your large intestineB In your small intestineC.In your mouthD.In your stomach（4）How long is the large intestine?A.About 21 feetB.About 26 feetC.About 31 feet.D.About 4 or 5 feet（5）Which of the following is NOT true?A.Your body can use everything you eatB.The longer you chew your food with your teeth,the smaller the pieces of food becomeC.Blood carries the nutrients to all parts of the bodyD.When you go to the washroom,the digestion is finished.2.You must think a computer is the best thing in the world,right?You must think it works at asuper speed and can do everything?Well,ifs not!In fact,the brain is much more powerfulthan any super computer!Think about when a glass is just about to fall off the table.Yourbrain controls everything that you need to do to save that glass from falling.No computercould ever come close to that!The brain weighs just 3 pounds,but is controls everything you do from thinking,learning,feeling even to breathing and your heart beating.Even though the brain is just 2%of your body weight,it uses around 20%of all your energy in your body.That is a lot forsuch a small organ（器 官）.There are about 100 billion tiny,tiny little cells（细 胞）in yourbrain.There are so many that it would take you over 3,000 years to count them all!Your brain stops growing when youre 18,but it actually keeps on developing andlearning new things.So your parents are really super smart!You wont be able to fool them!Believe it or not,your brain NEVER stops working.Even during sleeping,the brain worksfor long-term memory establishment（建 立）.It is realized that the brain is the second organin the body as the heart that never stops during human lives.So everyone should be proud of such a gift of nature.(1)In Paragraph 1,the writer wants to tell u s.A.eyes and muscles react quicklyB.the brain controls everything in your bodyC.the brain is more powerful than any computerD.the computer is the best thing in the world(2)In Paragraph 2,the underline word That refers t o.A.the body weightB.2%of the body weightC.all energy in the bodyD.around 20%of the energy in the body(3)Which is RIGHT according to the passage?A.The brain keeps on developing during human lives.B.The brain doesn*t work during sleeping.C.The brain is the only organ that never stops.D.The brain keeps growing during human lives.(4)In which magazine can we read the passage?A.Business Weekly.B.Science.C.Sports.D.Medicine.3.A7-magnitude(震 级)earthquake hit Yaran,Sichuan at 8：02 on April 20,2013,andit killed at least 196 people and injured more than 11,000.Together with other students,Yang Xuelan ran out to the playground.She wassafe.But all her textbooks and exercise books were buried(埋)in the teaching building.What can we do when an earthquake happens?In fact,theres little we can do to stopnatural disasters(自 然 灾 害)such as earthquakes happening.But,some methods canreduce the harm they cause.Drop down onto your hands and knees.This way can protect you from falling.Cover your head under a strong table or desk.You can also stay along a wall,andcover your head with your arms and hands.Hold on to（守 住，抓 牢）your shelter（遮 蔽 物）until the shaking stops.Beprepared to move with your shelter if the shaking continues.Schools can normally take the earthquake drills（演 练）to help student stay alive.（1）When the earthquake happened in Yaan,Yang Xuelan w a s.A.at homeB,at schoolC.on her way to schoolD.playing on the playground（2）What does the underlined word reduce mean in Chinese?A.提 高 B.阻 止 C.增 加 D.减 少（3）According to the writer,we can to reduce the harm natural disasters cause.A.do nothingB.stay at homeC.take some methodsD.run out of the house4.Do you have a smartphone?If so,there is a good way for you to learn English：listening topodcasts（播 客）!Podcasts are made by people from all over the world.You can find them easily on theInternet.There are all kinds of podcasts.Some are about music.Some are about interestingstories.Some are about language learning.Most of the podcasts are free,so you can choosewhat you are interested in and keep listening.The other advantage（优 点）of listening to podcasts is that you can do it almost anytime.You can do it when you are walking to school,or when you are running in theplayground.You can do it even when you are going to bed.In this way,your English willimprove a lot before you know it.If you want to improve your English by listening to podcasts,here is something youneed to remember.First,do not listen to podcasts when you are riding a bike.That*s toodangerous!Second,make sure the sound of your smartphone is not too loud.The loud soundis bad for your hearing.(1)The writer tells a way of learning English b y.A.listeningB,speakingC.readingD.writing(2)We can fmd p o d c a s t s.A.in the bookB.in the libraryC.on the InternetD.in the MP3player(3)According to the passage,there is(a r e)advantages of listening to podcasts.A.1B.2C.4D.5(4)We should not listen to podcasts when riding a bike because it i s.A.impossibleB.boringC.difficultD.unsafe5.People know the dangers of fires.Its good for a family to learn how to protect against afire.Here are some suggestions.Put a smoke alarm(报 警 器)in the house.Smoke from a fire causes the alarm toring.The alarm makes a loud sound.The sound tells everyone to leave the house at once.Make escape（逃 脱）plans.They should know all the ways out of the house.If thereis a fire,everyone follows the plan to get out.The most important plan is to check all thewindows to make sure they can open them easily.Buy fire extinguishers（灭 火 器）in the house.Everyone in the family should knowhow to use them.Practice for a fire.They do fire practice because they teach children about firesafety.Everyone in the family should know the following fire rules：Don*t open a hot door!The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door.Stay close to the floor!Smoke can be more dangerous than fire,The best air is near thefloor because smoke goes up.What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn?First,stop!Dont run!The fireburns faster because of more air.Drop!Fall to the floor.Then roll（打 滚）!Turning overand over will make the fire go out.Put a blanket（毯 子）around you to keep air away fromthe fire.There are many possible causes for fires.A clever family is ready all the time.If thereis a fire,dont forget to call 119 for help.（1）When a smoke alarm rings at home,it m e a n s.A.You have to get up.B.Water is running to the floor.C.Someone breaks your window.D.Something is burning.（2）When a fire happens,if you open the hot door.A.the fire will go outB.the fire will grow more quicklyC.the door will soon be on fireD.the house will fall down（3）When your hair or clothes catch fire,you s h o u l d.A.Stop,drop,roll.B.Stop,run,roll.C.Run,drop,roll.D.Roll,drop,stop.（4）The best title for this passage i s.A.The Dangers of a Fire.B.The Causes of a Fire.C.Protect Against a FireD.Learn to Use a Fire Extinguisher6.Choose the best answer（根 据 以 下 内 容，选 择 最 恰 当 的 答 案）In many countries,pets are well loved.In America,95 percent of pet owners think oftheir animals as family members.About half buy them birthday gifts.And its a two-waystreet.People who have pets tend to have lower blood pressure.They also have a lower heart-disease risk.Scientists are finding more and more evidence that animals can also help improve mentalhealth.Some clinics have been using Hpet therapy（宠 物 疗 法）alongside traditionalmedicine.Here is a look at some of the cures.RabbitsIn one study,scientists told a group of stressed-out adults to pat a rabbit and a rabbittoy.The toy had no effect.Touching the living rabbit,however,reduced anxiety（焦 虑）.Crickets（蟋 蟀）Animals dont have to be soft and lovely to help.In a 2016 study,elderly people whowere given five crickets in a cage felt happier after eight weeks.The act of caring of ananimal seemed to make the difference.HorsesHorses are among the most-studied therapy animals.In Europe,they have beeninvolved in medical treatment plans since the 1860s.Activities like brushing the fur of a horsehave been shown to reduce anxiety in people of all ages.FishOne of the study focused on people who had Alzheimers disease（阿 尔 茨 海 默 氏病).When they dined in front of a tank of colorful fish,they ate more.DogsChildren who struggle with reading are less anxious when they read aloud to a traineddog.Their attitudes change and their skills improve.(1)A b o u t of pet owners in America buy their pets birthday gifts.A.one-thirdB.50 percentC.95 percentD.three quarters(2)The underlined phrase“two-way street1 1(in paragraph 1)means A.Pets can reduce not only their owners blood pressure but also their risk of heart diseaseB.Pets can improve not only their owners*physical health but also their mental healthC.Pets are well loved both in the East and in the WestD.People love pets,and pets do their owners lots of good(3)According to the passage,people who were given crickets felt happier after a few weeksb e c a u s e.A.the ate moreB.they spent time caring for an animalC.they exercised moreD.they changed their attitudes(4)Horses have been involved in medical treatment p l a n s in Europe.A.since the 1680sB.for more than two centuriesC.since 1860D.for about 160 years(5)Children who have difficulty reading become less anxious w h e n.A.they play with rabbitsB.they read in front of a tank of colorful fishC.they are given some cricketsD.they read aloud to a trained dog（6）The main idea of the passage is t h a t.A.pets are well loved in many countiesB.pets can improve peoples physical healthC.pets have been used to help cure mental illnessD it is still a mystery whether keeping pets brings benefits7.Think of a simple object-a piece of chalk,for example.Are you remembering its name,its shape,its color or its size?Are you remembering what it is used for,or the sound itmakes when the teacher writes on the blackboard?Scientists say that memory includesdifferent parts of the brain,such as language and the ability of sense.They believe that youbegin to create a memory when you notice something with your senses.Then,messages aresent to different brain cells,which join together to form connections.A new connection goesinto your short-term memory.It is stored there for about 30 seconds,and then it is eitherlost or stored in your long-term memory.Having a good memory means making lots of connections and storing them in your long-term memory.To do this,you need to keep your brain in good shape.Eat plenty of brainfood such as fish oil,fruit and vegetables.Laughter also makes your brain moreactive.Also,dont forget to exercise.So do some sports or just move around a lot in thehouse.Finally,get plenty of sleep.This will make your memories grow stronger.When you want to remember new information,you must pay special attention.Useyour senses-sight,smell,hearing and touch-and keep repeating the information.To dowell in your exams this year,turn off the TV,silence your mobile,and review your workregularly.To remember something special,use your imagination to create visual（视 觉 的）connections.For example,you need to take a pencil,an eraser,your ID card and chipsto your next exam.Imagine the ID card as the body of an animal,the pencil its long neck,and the eraser its head.Your animal is hungry,so now imagine it eating a bag of chips.Itmay sound crazy,but it*s fun and it works.Another way is to do something different to yourroom.Turn a picture upside-down,or tie a sock around the door handle to remind（提 酉 星）yourself of something to remember!(1)At the beginning,the writer gives an example t o.A.lead in the topic of the articleB.show the importance of chalkC.let readers remember the wordD.make readers know his favorite(2)How many ways are mentioned to have a good memory in Paragraph 2?A.2B.3C.4D.5(3)The main idea of the third paragraph i s.A.how to do well in examsB how to remember new informationC.why to review your workD.what to eat to make memories stronger(4)Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Memory has nothing to do with languages.B.Laughter can help to improve our memory.C.A picture of eating chips is the most useful.D.Our brain is difficult to keep in good shape.8.Nearly three-fourths of American teenagers own smartphones-many of them filled with allkinds of apps.Thirty-one percent of teens get in touch with friends they have not met inperson,and thirty-two percent have communicated with a complete stranger online.An officer named Pamela Casey in the US is helping children know more aboutsmartphone dangers.Casey joined CBS This Morning to discuss the risks and how parentscan protect their kids by changing the settings(设 置)on their phones.Caseys interest in the subject began with a phone call from one of her friends whosedaughter had been taking inappropriate(不 适 当 的)photos.“She said she found them in a vault app.The app is like a calculator(计 算 器)but youput in a certain pass code.It took you to a vault that she had hidden all these photos that shehad been sharing,“Casey said.The mother told Casey,Youve got to tell everybody.”(1)How many American teenagers have their own smartphones?A.About 25%.B.About 30%.C.About 35%.D.About 75%.(2)Why did Pamela Casey join nCBS This Morning1?A.To discuss the risks and protect kids.B.To help children know about smartphones.C.To get in touch with friends.D.To warn kids about the risks.(3)What is not right according to the passage?A.Parents can protect their kids by changing the setting on their phones.B.Most teenagers have communicated with a stranger online.C.The daughter of Casey*s friend had been taking inappropriate photos.D.Caseys friend found her daughters photos in an app called vault.(4)Whats the meaning of the underlined phrase pass code?A.地 址 B.密 码 C.通 行 证 D.身 份 证 9.3D printing i
