特选浙江2023高考英语阅读理解(细节理解)精讲精练(附答案).pdf

浙 江 2023高 考 英 语 阅 读 理 解（细 节 理 解）精 讲 精 练（附 答 案）浙 江 2023高 考 英 语 阅 读 理 解 细 节 理 解）精 讲 精 练（附 答 案）高 考 英 语 阅 读 理 解 常 考 点 分 析 阅 读 理 解 试 题 常 采 用 以 下 四 种 题 型：1.考 查 考 生 快 速 捕 捉 信 息、处 理 信 息 的 能 力（细 节 理 解 题）；2.考 查 考 生 对 某 个 词 或 词 语 的 理 解 能 力（词 义 猜 测 题）；3.考 查 考 生 对 文 章 主 旨 大 意 或 段 落 大 意 的 概 括 能 力（主 旨 大 意 题）；4.考 查 考 生 对 文 章 的 隐 含 意 义、延 伸 意 义 的 推 理 判 断 能 力（推 理 判 断 题）。【细 节 理 解 题】I.细 节 理 解 题 一 般 可 分 为：直 接 信 息 题、间 接 信 息 题 和 信 息 综 合 题。1.直 接 信 息 题：先 看 题 干，以 便 在 阅 读 的 过 程 中 更 快 找 出 相 关 事 实 细 节。2.间 接 信 息 题：需 结 合 上 下 文 提 供 的 语 境 和 信 息 进 行 简 单 的 概 括 和 判 断。3.信 息 综 合 题：涉 及 文 章 中 的 几 句 话，而 且 第 2页有 时 可 能 散 落 在 文 章 的 不 同 地 方，因 此 要 把 原 文 所 提 供 的 信 息 综 合 起 来 分 析。II.正 确 答 案 的 特 点：与 原 文 信 息 表 达 手 法 不 同，但 所 表 达 的 意 思 相 同。III.干 扰 项 的 特 点：1.是 原 文 信 息，但 与 题 目 要 求 不 符；2.符 合 常 识，但 不 符 合 原 文 内 容；3.与 原 文 信 息 极 为 相 似，只 是 在 程 度 上 有 些 不 同；4.选 项 中 所 提 供 的 信 息 局 部 正 确，局 部 错 误;5.在 意 思 上 与 原 文 大 相 径 庭 甚 至 完 全 相 反。【真 题 回 放 一】How did Mr.Plowright let people know whathe was doing?Why,he advertised,of course.First he opened a shop and then he put up a signoutside the shop to attract customers.That signmay have been no more than a plow carved intoa piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing tothe shop door.It was probably all theinformation people needed to find Mr.第 3页Plowright and his really good plows.（2023 浙 江 卷 阅 读 理 解 A篇）42.To advertise his plows,Mr.Plowright.A.praised his plows in publicB.placed a sign outside the shopC.hung an arrow pointing to the shopD.showed his products to the customers42.B o这 是 一 道 直 接 信 息 题。该 段 摘 自 原 文 第 四 段，根 据 该 段 中 的 First he opened a shop andthen he put up a sign outside the shop to attractcustomers可 知，为 了 推 销 自 己 的 犁，Mr.Plowright在 商 店 外 面 放 了 一 个 牌 子。【讲 解 配 题】2023高 考 英 语 阅 读 理 解 集 训。阅 读 以 下 短 文，从 每 题 所 给 的 四 个 选 项 A、B、C、D 中，选 出 最 正 确 选 项。Coffee is one of the most popular drinksthroughout the world today.In fact,accordingto some estimates,over 30%of all adults in第 4页the world drink coffee at least once a day onthe average.Coffee contains a kind of drugcalled caffeine.Caffeine is a chemical thatstimulates（刺 激）the nerves of the body.Drinking coffee tends to make people a littlebit more awake-at least for a shorttime-because of this stimulating effect onthe nervous system.A cup of coffee has,on theaverage,about 3%caffeine in it.One story of the discovery of the coffee plantrelates to this effect of caffeine.Accordingto the story,coffee was discovered in EastAfrica.The story says that coffee was firstfound by a goat farmer named Kaldi.This wasabout the year 850.Kaldi was leading hisanimals through the mountains and the goatswere stopping repeatedly to eat the plantsnear the path.Suddenly,some of the goatsstarted jumping up and down in a very strangeway.Kaldi figured out that the goats were第 5页acting this way because of the plants they wereeating.Kaldi himself tried eating some of thegreen beans（豆 荚）that the goats had beeneating.He,too,felt the stimulating effectof the beans.Kaldi wanted to prove what hadhappened,so he picked some of the beans andtook them back to the village,where he toldhis story.The green bean got the name“Kaffa“and later“coffee“because the beans were discovered ina place called Kaff a in Africa.Then for years,people used to eat a few of the green Kaffabeans when they were in the mountains andneeded extra energy to do their work.It waslater found that the coffee beans could bepicked and then dried until they turned brown,and then they could be stored.If the beanswere dried and stored,they could be used atany time.1.What is the purpose of drinking coffee?第 6页A.To become more awake.B.Tobecome more healthy.C.To become more happy.D.Tobecome more clever.2.How did the goats react after eating theplants?A.They fell asleep.B.Theycould not find their way home.C.They started jumping up and down.D.They wanted to eat more.3.Why did the green bean get the name“Kaffa?A.Because Kaldi loved his home village verymuch.B.Because Kaldi，s goats loved the green beanvery much.C.Because the beans were discovered in a placeby this name.D.Because the beans could be picked and dried.【参 考 答 案】1.A 2.C 3.C【解 析】第 7页试 题 分 析：本 文 为 我 们 介 绍 了 咖 啡 豆。通 过 一 个 牧 羊 人 的 故 事 为 我 们 讲 述 了 咖 啡 豆 名 字 的 起 源 及 其 产 地 和 作 用。1.理 解 题。从 第 一 段 中 aDrinking coffee tendsto make people a little bit more awake中 可 以 看 出 咖 啡 豆 的 作 用 是 使 人 变 得 清 醒，应 选 A。2.细 节 理 解 题。从 文 中 第 二 段 中 aSuddenly,someof the goats started jumping up and down in avery strange way.可 以 看 出 吃 了 这 种 植 物 后，一 些 羊 开 始 以 很 奇 怪 的 方 式 的 跳 上 跳 下，应 选 C。3.细 节 理 解 题。从 最 后 一 段 第 一 句“The greenbean got the name“Kaffa“and later“coffee”because the beans were discovered in a placecalled Kaff a in Africa.f,可 知，这 种 青 豆 开 始 叫“Kaffa后 来 变 为 咖 啡 是 因 为 它 是 在 非 洲 一 个 叫 Kaff a 的 地 方 被 发 现 的，应 选 C。考 点：事 物 说 明 类 阅 读【真 题 回 放 二】第 8页In college I had been taught that a successfuleducator should ignore bad behavior.So I did,confident that,as the textbook had said,the badbehavior would disappear as I gave my studentspositive attention.It sounds reasonable,but thetext evidently ignored the fact that humans,particularly teenagers,rarely seem reasonable.（20 2 3浙 江 卷 阅 读 理 解 D篇）56.According to the passage,which of thefollowing is most probably the writers problemas a new teacher?A.She had blind trust in what she learnt atcollege.B.She didnt ask experienced teachers foradvice.C.She took too much time off to eat and sleep.D.She didnt like teaching English literature.56.A o这 是 一 道 间 接 信 息 题。该 段 摘 自 原 文 第 四 段 的 局 部 内 容,根 据 So I did,confident that,asthe textbook had said,the bad behavior would第 9页disappear as I gave my students positiveattention可 知，作 者 特 别 相 信 从 书 本 上 学 到 的 东 西，这 种 盲 目 的 相 信 让 她 在 实 际 教 学 中 遇 到 了 困 难。【讲 解 配 题】阅 读 理 解。I shall never forget the day when the earthquaketook place.The time was about 5 oclock in theafternoon and I was driving along the road to takemy daughter from school.Our plan was to goswimming together.I had finished my work at 4oclock and then gone to the Post Office.Then Istopped off at a shop in order to get some fresh第 10页fruit.We liked to have some fruit to eat after ourswim.I was driving along a high road on my way to mydaughters school.Over my road was another roadwhich was built like a bridge for cars coming tothe other way.I was hungry so I put the bag ofapples in the seat beside me and started to eat one.Suddenly I saw the cars in front of me start tomove from side to side.Then my car started toshake!I didnt know what was happening.Perhapssomething had gone wrong with my car.I drove alittle more slowly and then I stopped the car and atthe same moment the road fell onto the car infront of me.I found myself in the dark.I couldnt move.Thebottom parts of both of my legs and my feet werehurting badly and I couldnt move them.All第 i i 页around me was quiet.But above me I could hearshouts and a lot of noise.Then I memorized（记 起）what had happened.I had been in an earthquake.For about two hours nobody came.Luckily I couldreach the bag of apples,so at least I had plenty toeat.Then I heard people climbing towards me.Ateam of people had come to see if anyone wasunder the broken road.I called out,“Im here!I heard a shout.Soon a stranger climbed to the sideof the road near my car.How are you doing?he asked.Not too bad,I said,But my feet and legs feelas if theyre broken.WeH have you out of therejust as soon as we can.They didnt get me outuntil the next morning.I had been in my car forfourteen hours.第 12页1.When the earthquake took place,the writerw a s.A.on his way to the Post Office B.stopping off ata shopC.doing some shopping D.under a road builtlike a bridge解 析：从 第 二 段 最 后 一 句 话 可 知，当 地 震 发 生 时,作 者 正 开 车 行 驶 在 一 条 像 桥 一 样 的 路 的 下 面。这 条 路 塌 了 下 来，砸 在 了 他 的 车 上。答 案：D2.The writers car began to move from side toside b e c a u s e.A.there was something wrong with his carB.he ate apples as he drove第 13页C,an earthquake began to happenD.he drove too fast解 析：feel是 系 动 词，后 面 跟 有 表 语，我 们 知 道 当 tire成 tiring和 tired时，才 起 到 形 容 词 的 作 用。答 案：C3.Which of the following is True according to thepassage?A.When the earthquake happened,the writer waswith his daughter together.B.The writers legs and feet were badly woundedin the earthquake.C The writer was saved as soon as the strangerclimbed up the road.D.The writer was so frightened that he forgot第 14页everything that happened around him.解 析：从 短 文 的 内 容 可 知，作 者 在 接 他 女 儿 之 前 发 生 了 地 震。因 此，在 地 震 发 生 时，他 并 没 有 和 他 女 儿 在 一 起。又 从 最 后 一 段 可 知，他 被 救 出 时，已 经 到 了 第 二 天 上 午。因 此，也 不 是 在 那 位 陌 生 人 一 看 到 他 就 把 他 救 了 出 来。再 从 他 被 砸 在 路 下 面 后 不 久，他 就 记 起 了 所 发 生 的 事，所 以，他 并 没 有 吓 得 什 么 也 想 不 起 来。只 有 他 的 腿 和 脚 被 严 重 砸 伤 是 真 实 的。答 案：B4.Which of the following shows the right order ofwhat happened to the writer?aA stranger climbed to the side of road near hiscar and asked how he was going.b The writer finished his work.第 15页c He felt his car shaking on his way to hisdaughters school.dHe bought some fresh fruit in a shop.e-He was saved the next morning.f-The writer found himself in the dark.gHe went to the Post Office.A,b,g,d,c,f,a,e B.b,d,c,g,f,a,eC.d,b,c,f,g,a,e D.c,a,f,g,b,d,解 析：通 读 全 文，我 们 可 知，正 确 的 顺 序 是：作 者 下 班 后，先 去 了 邮 局，又 把 车 停 在 一 家 商 店 前，下 车 买 了 一 些 水 果。在 接 他 女 儿 的 路 上 他 感 觉 他 的 车 子 晃 动，上 面 的 公 路 塌 了 下 来，将 他 砸 在 了 路 下 面。他 感 觉 自 己 处 在 黑 暗 之 中，一 位 陌 生 人 发 现 了 第 16页他，第 二 天 上 午 他 被 救 了 出 来。答 案：A5.From the passage were sure that the writerw a s.A.a teacher of a school B.a manager of ashopC.a father of a girl D.a worker of a PostOffice解 析：通 过 短 文 我 们 可 以 确 切 地 知 道 作 者 是 一 位 女 孩 的 父 亲，而 无 法 确 定 作 者 是 一 位 学 校 的 教 师，一 家 商 店 的 经 理 或 一 家 邮 局 的 工 人。答 案：C o【冲 向 高 考】第 17页阅 读 以 下 短 文，从 每 题 所 给 的 四 个 选 项 A、B、C、D 中，选 出 最 正 确 选 项。Two recent studies have found that punishmentis not the best way to influence behavior.One showed that adults are much morecooperative if they work in a system based onrewards.Researchers at Harvard University inthe United States and the Stockholm School ofEconomics in Sweden did the study.They had about two hundred college studentsplay a version of the game known as thePrisoner,s Dilemma.The game is based on thetension（紧 张 气 氛）between the interests（利 益）of an individual and a group.The studentsplayed in groups of four.Each player could winpoints for the group,so they would all gainequally.But each player could also reward orpunish each of the other three players,at acost to the punisher.Harvard researcher David Rand says the most第 18页successful behavior proved to be cooperation.The groups that rewarded it the most earnedabout twice as much in the game as the groupsthat rewarded it the least.And the more agroup punished itself,the lower its earningswere.The group with the most punishmentearned twenty-five percent less than the groupwith the least punishment.The study appearedlast month in the journal Science.The other study involved children.It waspresented last month in California at aconference on violence and abuse.Researchersused intelligence tests given to two groups.More than eight hundred children aged two tofour the first time they were tested.More thanseven hundred children aged five to nine.The two groups were retested four years later,and the study compared the results with thefirst test.Both groups contained childrenwhose parents used physical punishment and第 19页children whose parents did not.The study saysthe IQs-or intelligence quotients-of theyounger children who were not spanked werefive points higher than those who were.In theolder group,the difference was almost threepoints.Murray Strauss from the University of NewHampshire worked with Mallie Paschall from thePacific Institute for Research and Evaluation.Professor Strauss has written extensivelyabout physical punishment of children.He saysthe more they are spanked,the slower theirmental development.He also looked at averageIQs in other nations and found them lower wherespanking was more common.1.Which could be the best title of the passage?A.PunishmentB.The Best Way to Influence Behavior.C.Punishment or Reward:Which Works Better onBehavior?第 20页D.Two Recent Studies.2.The underlined word“spanked“probablymeans_A.won B.punished C.testedD.praised3.According to the passage,the researchersmay agree the best way to influence behaviori s.A.rewarding good behaviorB.correcting bad behaviorC.punishing badly-behaved childrenD.praising well-behaved children试 题 分 析：文 章 主 要 介 绍 了 两 项 研 究 的 过 程 和 研 究 成 果。近 期 的 两 项 研 究 显 示，惩 罚 不 是 影 响 行 为 的 最 好 方 法。其 中 一 项 研 究 显 示，成 年 人 在 一 个 基 于 奖 励 的 机 制 中 更 具 合 作 性。另 一 项 研 究 说 明，惩 罚 不 利 于 孩 子 心 智 的 开 展。1.选 择 最 正 确 标 题。A 项 太 片 面；文 章 没 有 提 到 最 好 的 方 法，排 除 B；D 项 不 够 具 体；根 据 第 二 段“One showed that adults are much more第 21页cooperative if they work in a system based onrewards.和 第 六 段“of the younger childrenwho were not spanked were five points higherthan those who were可 知，研 究 说 明，奖 励 能 够 促 进 合 作，惩 罚 不 利 于 孩 子 的 心 智 开 展，应 选 C。2.猜 测 词 义 题。根 据 带 第 六 段 who were notspanked were five points higher than those whowere可 知，被 父 母 体 罚 的 孩 子，他 们 的 智 商 比 没 有 受 到 体 罚 的 孩 子 的 低 5 分，根 据 最 后 一 段“Hesays the more they are spanked,the slowertheir mental development.r,可 知，孩 子 受 到 的 惩 罚 越 多，他 们 的 心 智 开 展 得 越 慢，说 明 划 线 词 是“惩 罚 的 意 思，应 选 B。3.推 理 判 断 题。B、D 两 项 文 中 未 提 及；根 据 倒 数 第 二 段“of the younger children who were notspanked were five points higher than those whowere和 最 后 一 段“the more they are spanked,the slower their mental development可 知，惩 罚 不 利 于 孩 子 的 身 心 开 展，排 除 C；根 据 第 二 段“adults are much more cooperative if they第 22页work in a system based on rewards”和 第 六 段“five points higher than those who were 可 知，奖 励 能 够 促 进 合 作，而 惩 罚 不 利 于 孩 子 心 智 的 开 展，只 有 A 项 与 奖 励 有 关，应 选 A。【健 康 环 保 类-阅 读 理 解】（2023模 拟 题）Monty Hempel is a professor ofenvironmental sciences at Redlands University inCalifornia.He studies ecological literacy一 orecoliteracy,for short.Ecoliteracy is the ability tothink about and understand the natural processesthat make life possible.Monty Hempel says ecoliteracy gives peopleknowledge about environmental problems.But hesays it does not always work to get them to changetheir behavior.Mr.Hempel wrote part of the World watchInstitutes latest State of the World report.He says第 23页in his article,“Some people think that ecoliteracyis just a green form of science literacy.And what Ihave tried to ask is whether thafs enough.In otherwords,what an ecologically-literate person needsto know might include things like the cycles andthe flows,the energy systems,all of those kind ofthings that we would call the science of ecology.”“That doesnt seem to lead to action toprotect our environment to protect ourlife-support system to the level that we need to.Justbecause we know a lot about the environmentdoesnt mean that we actually act to save it.Afterall,actions speak louder than knowledge.”He adds that people may not be very worriedabout environmental problems if they seem faraway.a Some people call it psychological distance.Alot of climate issues are worse in the Arctic andmost of us dont spend time in the Arctic.And so,第 24页theres a certain distance.But theres also adistance thafs happening in the world as iturbanizes-people spending more time in front ofscreens and less time out in nature.We become,ifyou will,disconnected from the natural systemsth