2023年初二上册英语第一单元知识点归纳总结全面汇总归纳.pdf

1 初二上册英语第一单元知识点讲解 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?重点句子 1.Where did you go on vacation?你去哪儿度假的？1）这是一个由疑问副词 where 引导的特殊疑问句。Where 用来询问地点或场所，用于句首，其后跟一般疑问句。如：Where are you from？Where does he live？2）go on vacation“去度假”He will go on vacation with his family.他要和家人一起度假。【解析】vacation v ke n n 假期=holiday on vacation 在度假 take a vacation 去度假 winter vacation 寒假 summer vacation 暑假 I have a lot of _every year.(vacation)()Where did Sarah go on vacation?She went to America.A.on vacation B.take a vacation C.is on vacation D.is for vacation 2、Did you go with anyone?你和别人一起去的吗？这是一个一般过去时的一般疑问句。当含有实义动词的一般过去时的陈述句变为一般疑问句时，需借助助动词 did，此时后面的实义动词应用原形。其句型结构为“did+主语+动词原形+其它？”，肯定回答为“Yes,主语+did”，否定回答为“No,主语+didnt”基本用法 pron.anyone 任何人，相当于 anybody，通常用在否定句、疑问句或条件从句中。如：I wont tell anyone I saw you here.我不会告诉任何人我在这儿见过你。Why would anyone want that job?为什么会有人想要那份工作呢？知识拓展-同类词 some-any-no-every-指人 someone 有人 somebody anyone 任何人 anybody no one 没有人 nobody everyone 人人 everybody 指物 something 某物 anything 任何事 nothing 没有事 everything 一切事 指地点 somewhere 某地 anywhere 任 何 地方 nowhere 无处，没有地方 everywhere 到处 2 注意：(1)由 some-,any-,no-,every-构成的符合不定代词作主语时，都作单数看待，其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。(2)不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后，作后置定语。如：Id like something to drink.我想要些喝的。Is there anything interesting in the book?这本书中有有趣的东西吗？小结：【解析 1】someone s mw n pron 某人 anyone eniw n pron 任何人 everyone evriw n pron 每人，人人 3.visited my uncle 看望了我的叔叔 visit 是及物动词，意为“拜访；探望”,后接表示人的名词或代词。visit 还可以意为“参观；游览”，后接表示地点的名词。a.I visited my grandmother last week.上周我去 _了我的外婆。b.Do you want to visit Shanghai?你想 _上海吗？拓展：visitor 意为“参观者；游客”。These visitors come from America._ 4.How did you like it？你觉得它怎么样？【解析】How do you like sth?=What do you think of sth?或者“How do you feel about.？”，你认为.怎么样？Its/theyre.I love/like.I dont mind.I cant stand.5.Did you buy anything special？你买特别的东西了吗？【解析】buy 及物动词，以为“买；购买”，过去式为 bought buy sth.for sb./buy sb.sth.为某人买某物 My father bought me a bike.=My father bought a bike for me.我爸爸给我买了辆自行车。anything 不定代词，意为“某事；某件东西”，主要用于疑问句或否定句中。3 Do you want anything about it.你想从我这里要些什么吗？anything special 意为“特别的东西”，形容词修饰不定代词时应该后置。Is there anything new in this book?这本书里有新的内容吗?Do you want anything else?你还想要其他什么吗？5、I didnt really see anything I liked.我实在没有看到我喜欢的任何东西。这 是一个省略了关系代词 that 定语从句。主句为 I didnt really see anything，从句 I liked，修饰先行词 anything。因 anything 是不定代词，故关系代词只能用 that,且 that 在从句中作宾语，因此可以省略。2.Oh,did you do anywhere interesting?哦，你去有趣的地方了吗？(P2.2d)【解析】本句是 did 开头的一般疑问句；一般过去时中不含 was/were 的句子在变一般疑问句时，需用助动词 did，原句中的动词过去式需变成原形。Did you have a party last night?你昨晚上举行聚会了吗？anywhere 用作副词，意为“在任何地方”Did you go anywhere during the summer vacation?你暑假期间去过什么地方吗？注意：anywhere 与 somewhere 的区别 anywhere 意为“在任何地方”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。I cant find it anywhere.我到处都找不到它。Somewhere 意为“在某处；到某处”，常用于肯定句中。I lost my key somewhere near here.我把钥匙丢在这附近的某个地方了。6.Oh,did you do anywhere interesting?哦，你去有趣的地方了吗？【解析】本句是 did 开头的一般疑问句；一般过去时中不含 was/were 的句子在变一般疑问句时，需用助动词 did，原句中的动词过去式需变成原形。4 Did you have a party last night?你昨晚上举行聚会了吗？anywhere 用作副词，意为“在任何地方”Did you go anywhere during the summer vacation?你暑假期间去过什么地方吗？注意：anywhere 与 somewhere 的区别 anywhere 意为“在任何地方”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。I cant find it anywhere.我到处都找不到它。Somewhere 意为“在某处；到某处”，常用于肯定句中。I lost my key somewhere near here.我把钥匙丢在这附近的某个地方了。7.Kevin meet anyone interesting?凯文遇到有趣的人了吗？【注】不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数 Is everyone here?Did she go to the park with _last year?(someone)【解析 2】interest v 使感兴趣 interesting adj.有兴趣的 interested adj.感兴趣的 be interested in=take interest in 对 感兴趣 The students are _in these _books.(interest)【注】以 ing 结尾的 adj.常用来作定语或表语，修饰物。以 ed 结尾的 adj.用来表示情绪，常做表语，修饰人 Excited/exciting bored/boring relaxed/relaxing This movie wasnt _.He fell asleep half way through it.A.interesting enough B.enough interesting C.interested enough D.enough interested 8.Grace buy anything special?格蕾丝买特别的东西了吗？【注】形容词修饰不定代词，放在不定代词之后 9.I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事告诉你。【解析】something pron.某事，某物 5 anything pron.任何事物 nothing pron.没有什么；没有一件东西【注】形容词修饰不定代词，放在不定代词之后()Everything there _ interesting yesterday evening?A.was B.is C.were D.are()Did he do _ before?A.anything interesting B.interesting anything C.anywhere interesting D.interesting anywhere“Have you read todays newspaper“Yes Its really boring.There is _in it.”A.something new B.nothing new C.anything new 10、We took quite a few photos there.我们在那里拍了不少照片。take photos 意为“照相；拍照”。Could you help me take some photos?你能帮我拍几张照片吗？【辨析】：quite a few 与 quite a little quite a few 意为“相当的;不少”，修饰可数名词复数；quite a little 意为“相当的;不少”，修饰不可数名词。He will stay here for _ _ _days.There is _ _ _water in the bottle(瓶子).【解析 1】few/a few little/a little 辨析 否定 肯定 所修饰的名词 few 没有，几乎没有 a few 有几个 可数名词复数 little 几乎没有。a little 有一点儿 不可数名词【拓展】few/a few 用来修饰可数名词，few 表示否定，“没有，几乎没有”；He has few friends here,he feels lonely.他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞 a few 表示有肯定，“有几个”There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。little/a little 用来修饰不可数名词，little 表示否定，“没有，几乎没有”。There is little time left.Hurry up!没多少时间了，快点儿！a little 表示肯定，“有一点儿”Can you speak English?Yes,but only a little.In our school,_ students like English,but _ of them can speak English smoothly.A.a little,a few B.a few,few C.a few,little D.a little,few John is getting very thin.He doesnt eat _ food.A.many B.enough C.few D.little Now teenagers are very busy with their schoolwork and they have _ time to do exercise.6 A.few B.little C.a few D.a little 11 I bought something for my parents,but nothing for myself.我为我父母买了一些东西，但是没有给我自己买什么东西。【解析】myself 我自己【拓展】反身代词(1)反身代词的构成 一、二人称的反身代词 构成:形容词性物主代词+self/selves 构成 单数 myself yourself 复数 ourselves yourselves 第三人称的反身代词 构成:第三人称宾格+self/selves 单数：himself herself itself 复数：themselves(2)反身代词的常见搭配：enjoy oneself=have fun=have a good time 玩得高兴 teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学 by oneself=alone 独自 help oneself to 随便吃 introduce oneself to 自我介绍(3)反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致。You have to believe in _.Thats the secre t of success.(we)Im old enough to look after _(我自己).Deng Ziqi won lots of fans for through the TV program I Am a Singer.A.she B.her C.herself The book is mine.I wrote my name on its cover_.A.myself B.yourself C.himself 12.I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.我的大部分时间都待在家里读书和休息。基本用法 adj.most 多数的；大部分的；作代词，表示“大多数，大部分”。如：Most people think so.大多数人都这样想。知识拓展-相关短语 most of 表示“绝大多数”，可用于如下结构中：most of the time“大部分时间”，其中 most 为代词，意为“大部分；大多数；大体上”。Most of the time Alan studies hard.艾伦大部分时间学习都很刻苦。most of+物主代词+名词复数/不可数名词 most of+宾格代词 注：most of 结构做主语，谓语动词的数取决于 of后的名词或代词。如：Most of the students like reading the story.大部分学生喜欢读这个故事。【解析 2】relax relaxed adj 感到轻松的，自在的 relaxing adj.令人放松的 7 be relaxed about 对 感到放松 13.Everything tasted really good!所有的东西尝起来真的很好吃！【解析】taste good 尝起来很好吃 taste 在此为连系动词，意为“尝起来”，其后接形容词构成系表结构。The food tastes really great.食物尝起来棒极了。The milk tasted terrible.牛奶尝起来很糟糕。同类型的词还有：与感官有关的 look(看起来),feel(摸上去),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等；表示变化的 become(变成),get(变得)，turn(变成)等；表示某种情况或状态持续的连系动词 keep(保持),stay(保持)等。(划线部分均作表语)He looks very young.他看起来很年轻。The cake smells delicious.这蛋糕闻起来挺好。The story sounds true.这故事听起来真实。When spring comes,the days get longer and the weather gets warmer.春天来时，白天变长，天气变暖。Florence Nightingale became a famous nurse.弗洛伦斯 南丁格尔成了一个著名的护士。Dr Bethune became very popular then.那时白求恩大夫变得很受欢迎了。His face turned redder and redder.他的脸变得越来越红了。Please stay happy.请保持高兴。They keep busy.他们保持忙碌。14.It was wonderful!它非常壮观！【解析】wonder w nd v 想知道 wonderful w nd ful adj.精彩的()Dehong is a wonderful city in Yunnan province.A.clean B.beautiful C.noisy D.big 15.It was my first time there.这是我第一次去那里。【解析】Its ones first time to do sth.某人第一次做某事 It was her _(one)time in Yunnan in 2014.16 Did everyone have a good time?大家都玩得很开心吗？【解析】have a good time=have fun 玩得开心，过的愉快，其后接 V-ing,同义短语还有 enjoy oneself。We had a good time at the party.我们在晚会上玩得很开心。8=We had fun at the party.=We enjoyed ourselves at the party.17.Did you go shopping?你们去购物了吗？go shopping 意为“去购物；去买东西”，同义短语为 do some shopping.I usually go shopping on Sundays.我通常星期天去购物。拓展：“go+doing”形式表示“去做某事”，常用于表达从事某一体育活动或休闲活动。go skating 去滑冰 go hiking 去 go sightseeing 去观光 go fishing 去钓鱼 go swimming 去游泳 go boating 去划船 18 The only problem was that there was nothing much to do in the evening but read.唯一的问题是晚上除了读书没什么事可做。【解析】nothing much to do 意为“没什么事可做”。I have nothing special to do this afternoon.今天下午我没什么特别的事可做。拓展 nothingbut 意为“除 之外什么也没有；只有”，but 后可接名词或者动词原形。I had nothing but a cup of tea this morning.我今天早上只喝了杯茶。19 Still no one seemed to be bored.(即使这样)仍然没有人看起来无聊。【解析】seem 可作不及物动词或连系动词，意为“好像；似乎；看来”。Everything seems easy.一切似乎很容易。拓展 seem+形容词“看起来“You seem happy today.你今天看起来很高兴。(系表结构)seem+to do sth.“似乎，好像做某事“。9 I seem to have a cold.我似乎感冒了。It seems that/as if 似乎，看起来。如：It seems that he is sad.=He seems to be sad.他似乎很难过 C It seems/seemed+that 从句“看起来好像；似乎“。其中 it 为形式主语，that 从句为真正的主语。It seems that no one believes you.看起来好像没有人相信你。seem like“好像，似乎”。It seems like a good idea.它好像是个好主意。(系表结构)bored 与 boring 的区别 bored：厌倦的；烦闷的；感到无聊的。一般在句中修饰人，作表语。boring：无趣的；令人厌烦的；单调的。一般在句中修饰事或物，可作表语和定语。Im bored with what he said.我对他说的话厌烦极了。I find the story very boring.我发现这个故事太无聊了。.Still no one seemed to be bored.但是没有人觉得无聊了。【解析 2】bore boring adj.“令人厌烦的，厌倦的”，其主语多是物 一般在句中修饰事或物，可作表语和定语 bored adj.“厌烦的，厌倦的”,其主语多是人，一般在句中修饰人，作表语 词义辨析：look/seem/appear 这些动词均有“看起来，好像是”之意。appear:指从感观印象看似乎是如此，但有时着重指因视野、观点限制而产生的歪曲印象。look:指从样子看起来，侧重通过视觉而建立的印象。seem:多指从主观印象或个人反应得出的看法。10 20.went to a friends farm in the countryside with my family.我和家人一起去了乡下一个朋友的农场。【解析】a friends farm 是名词所有格形式。一般情况下，表示“有生命的人或物”的名词后面加 s，表示所属关系。The red bike is Alices.那辆红色的自行车是爱丽斯的。【拓展】：名词所有格的构成：1）单数名词词尾加“s”，复数名词词尾没有 s,也要加“s”：the girl s pen 女孩的钢笔 womens shoes 女鞋 on Childrens Day 2）复数名词以 s 结尾的只加“”：the students reading room 学生阅览室 Teacherss Day 教师节 3）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 s，则表示“分别有”；只后一个名词有一个 s，则表示“共有”：Johns and Kates rooms 约翰和凯特（各自）的房间 Lily and Lucys father 莉莉和露西的爸爸 4）表示无生命的名词一般与 of 构成短语，表示所有关系 a map of China 一幅中国地图 the name of the story 那个故事的名字 21.Did everyone have a good time?所有人都玩得开心吗？【解析】have a good time/wonderful/great time fun=enjoy oneself 玩的开心,过得愉快 22.What did Lisa say about?莉萨对 说过什么？【解析】say about意为“发表对 的看法”。I didnt s ay anything about it.我对此事什么也没说。23.What activity do you find enjoyable?你发现什么活动很有趣？11【解析 1】activity ktiviti n.活动；(pl)复数：activities Students like outdoor activities._()Are you free?Lets do some_ with Tom.A.activity B.actors C.actresses D.Activities【解析 2】enjoyable adj，意为“愉快的；快乐的”。Im sure we will have an enjoyable vacation.我确信我们将会有一个愉快的假期。24.I really enjoyed walking around the twon.我确实喜欢在城镇附近散步。【解析】joy n 喜欢 enjoy v 喜欢 enjoyable adj.令人愉快的 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 She enjoys _(listen)to the music.enjoy oneself=have fun=have a good time 玩得高兴，过得愉快()I am glad to be invited to Susans birthday party on Friday evening,Mum._ yourself,dear!But remember to be back before 10 oclock.A.Help B.Believe C.Make D.Enjoy Children always have a good time at the Wetland Park(湿地公园)of Liu Panshui.A.enjoy themselves B.help each other C.look beautiful D.have a big dinner 25.I arrived in penang inMalaysia this morning with my family.今早我和我的家人到达了马来西亚的滨城。【解析】arrive vi“到达”。arrive in 表示到达较大的地方，如国家、省、市等；arrive at 表示到达较小的地方，如机场、商店、广场、村庄等。（注：地点副词 home，here，there 前介词省略）【辨析】get/reach/arrive get to+地点=arrive in/at+地点=reach+地点 同义短语或单词：get to 到达；reach 到达。若表示“到家”：arrive home 或get home;“到那儿”：get there.12()_the afternoon of April 30th,many foreign visitors arrived _ Shanghai.A.In,at B.On,in C.On,to I arrive in Leishan last Sunday.A.reach B.reached to C.got to D.got to When will the plane _Shanghai?Sorry，I dont know.A.get B.arrive at C.reach Henry,please call us as soon as you_ Hawaii.OK.Ill do that,Mom.A.arrive in B.are arriving in C.will arrive at 26.It was sunny and hot,so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel.天气晴朗且炎热，因此我们决定去我们宾馆附近的海滩。v.decide 决定（过去式:decided 过去分词:decided 现在分词:deciding 第三人称单数:decides）常用于以下结构中：(1)decide to do sth=make up ones mind to d o sth 决定去做某事 decide on(doing)sth.决定什么 decide+从句（wh-疑问句或 that 从句）。如：We decided to go to New York next month.我们决定下个月去纽约。We decided on going swimming.我们决定去游泳。We cant decide where to go.我么不能决定该去哪儿。He decided that he would buy a new computer.他决定买一台新电脑。知识拓展-相关单词 n.decision 决定，make a decision 表示“做决定”。如：13 I made a decision to study better.我决定好好学习。(3)make a decision on+n/doing(4)decide on 选定；决定【拓展】：1）decide 后常跟“疑问词+动词不定式”做宾语。He cant decide when _(leave)他不能决定何时动身。2）decide 后常跟宾语从句。I cant decide where _.我不能决定我该去哪儿。Harry has decided_ an online shop after graduating from school.A.open B.to open C.opened D.opening It was dark outside.Sue decided_ to the bank alone.not going B.going not C.not to go D.to not go 27.What a difference a day makes!一天竟如此不同！（多么与众不同的 一天啊！）【解析】different adj.不同的 differently adv.不同地 difference n.不同点 be different from=be not the same as 与.不同(反)the same as There are some differences between.and.“.和.两者间的不同点”基本用法 n.difference 不同，make a/the difference 表示“要紧，起作用，有所不同”，也可用 make a/no/little/much/some difference 表示“对 有/没有/几乎没有/有很大/有些影响”。如：It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not.他去还是留对我没有影响。What you have told me may make a difference to my own opinion.你告诉我的一切，可能影响我自己的看法。Does his absence make a difference to your work?假如没有他，对你的工作会有影响吗？【解析】(1)what 修饰名词，引导的感叹句的形式：14 What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+(主语+谓语)！Eg.What a beautiful park(it is)!这是一个多么漂亮的公园啊！What nice weather!多么好的天气！What lovely dogs they are!多么可爱的一群小狗啊！(2)how 修饰形容词或副词，引导感叹句的形式：How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！Eg.How wonderful the waterfall looks!瀑布看起来多壮观啊！How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！How beautiful a piace it is!多美的一个地方啊！How+主语+谓语！How time flies!光阴似箭！28.My sister and I tried paragliding.我和姐姐尝试了滑翔伞运动。【解析】try vi 试图，设法，努力其后常接名词、动名词或不定式，意为“尝试；试图，设法；努力”（过去式:tried 过去分词:tired 现在分词:trying 第三人称单数:tries）I dont think I can do it,but Ill try.我认为我做不了它，但是我要尝试一下。【拓展】(1)try on 试穿(2)try to do sth 努力做某事 表示想尽一切办法要把事情办成，强调付出一定的努力设法去完成。You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。(3)try doing sth 试图做某事,表示一种尝试、做做看的想法，不一定付出很多努力。15 I tried gardening but didnt succeed.我试着种果木花卉，但未成(4)try ones best to do sth=do ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事 We should _(尽最大努力)to be happy in the future.(5）try n“尝试”，常用短语“have a try=want a go 试一试”。Im going to have a try.我想试一试。【解析 2】paragliding pr la d n.空中滑翔跳伞 29.We rode bicycles to Georgetown.我们骑自行车去了乔治市【解析】bicycle baisikl n.自行车，脚踏车=bike by bike=on the bike 乘自行车()I often go to school _ bike.A.on B.in C.by D.of 30.I felt like I was a bird.我感觉像是一只鸟。Did you dislike anything?你不喜欢什么东西吗？1）feel like 意为“给 的感觉；感受到”。其后常接从句。He feels like he is swimming.他感觉像在游泳一样。拓展：feel like 还可意为“想要”，其后可接名词、代词或动名词。即：feel like sth.想要某物 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 Do you feel like a cup of tea now?你现在想要一杯茶吗？Do you feel like _(take)a walk in the park with me?你想跟我在公园散步吗？2）辨析：exciting 与 excited exciting 意为“令人兴奋的，使人激动的”，一般修饰某物。excited 意为“感到兴奋的，激动的”，一般修饰某人。a.The story is_(exciting,excited).b.He told me the_(exciting,excited)news.c.Sarah was_(exciting,excited)to see the singer.【解析】dislike v“不喜欢；厌恶”，其后接名词、代词或动名词形式作宾语。同义词是 hate。Mary _ the hamburgers.玛丽不喜欢汉堡包。I _ _ computer 我不喜欢玩电脑游【拓展】like v 喜欢(反义词)dislike d sla k v.不喜欢；厌恶()They often talk about their _.A.like and dislike B.likes and dislike C.likes and dislikes D.like and dislikes【拓展】(1)like sth 喜欢某物 I like English/apples.16(2)like doing sth 喜欢做某事（表示兴趣爱好）She likes swimming(3)like to do sth 喜欢去做某事（表示去做一件具体的事）4)would like to do sth=want to do sth 想去做某事(5)feel like doing sth 喜欢去做某事=want/would like to do sth I _ her