高二英语人教版选修8学案UNIT5SECTIONⅠWARMINGUPREADING—PREREADING.docx

点点释疑把课文读懂原文呈现A VISIT TO THE ZHOUKOUDIAN CAVESA group of students (S) from England has e to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit.An archaeologist (A) is showing them rouncP.A： Wele to the Zhoukoudian caves here in China.lt is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, who are interested in archaeologyYou must be aware thatifs here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.We've been excavating here for many years and 读文清障archaeologist/, a: kl'Dlod Ist/.考古学家( 美 archeologist)show sb.roimd带着某人参观archaeology/, a: kl'Dled I/.考古学( 美 archeology)be/bee aware that意识至”/熟悉到evidence证据；证明excavate /'ekskovelt/”.挖掘；开掘周口店地窖参观记一群英国同学（学）来到周口店地窖参观，一位考古学家（考）正领着他们参观。考：欢送到中国来参观周口店地窖。很快乐见到你们这些来自英国并且对考古学感爱 好的同学。你们想必都很清晰，正是在这个地方，我们找到了居住在世界上这个地区的最 早人类的证据。我们在这儿进行挖掘工作已经很多年了，而且Si： I'm sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? There are only rocks and trees.A： Good question.You are an acute observer.We have found human and animal bonesin those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects.So we think it is reasonable to assumethey lived in these caves, regardless of® the cold®.S2： How did they keep warm? They couldn't have mats，blankets or quiltslike we do.lt musJLhayeJ雌nvery unfortable.A： Wefve discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves where they made 行res.That would have kepLthenuorm，cooked the food and scared wild beasts® away® as well We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.We haven't found any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out® the cold during the freezing winter©, ©interrupt/( Int3，rA式.打断讲话；打岔；临时中断或中止and China's Ministry of Education.B. The course will first be offered at all the schools in Beijing.C. Protection of the country's cultural and natural resources has been perfect thanks to people's efforts.D. China ranks high among the countries with 29 sites listed on the list.解析：选D 细节理解题。依据第三段的“Listed are 754 sites all over the world, of which 29 are in China - the third most after Spain and Italy/可知 D 项正确。2. What can you expect to learn at the class?A. What world heritage is.B. Why we should protect heritage.C. How world heritage should be protected.D. All of the above.解析：选D 细节理解题。依据第三段的“The class aims to tell children what world heritage is and why and how it should be protected/7可知课堂设置的目的是告知孩子们世 界遗产是什么，为什么要爱护遗产以及如何爱护遗产，应选D项。3 . The underlined word “cultivate“ in the third paragraph probably meansA. distributeB. exploitC. developD. improvise解析：选C词义猜想题。依据下文这种课程能关心孩子意识到爱护遗产的重要性可 知，此处指的是教育无疑是最好的培育孩子遗产爱护意识的最好的方式，应选C项。4. Whafs the purpose of the passage?A. To inform us of the reason for protecting the heritage.B. To tell us the way to protect the heritage.C. To tell us a new course.D. To tell us heritage preservation starts with education.解析：选D 写作意图题。本文主要介绍了在教学中参加遗产爱护的课程，写作的目 的是告知我们遗产爱护从教育开头，应选D项。BWhere can you find the first successful airplane, one of the world's biggest bugs （虫子） and Kermit the Frog? They*re all at the Smithsonian Institution, American's storehouse of the coolest things ever, in Washington, D. C.More than 138 million objects have been collected by their 19 museums, with more ing in every day.The Smithsonian was founded in 1846 and named after James Smithson, an English businessman.Smithson never visited America, but he left his entire fortune to the UnitedStates to build an institution “for the increase of knowledge.”Here are just a few of the amazing things in the Smithsonian collection.Big bugsThe Smithsonian has 35 million bugs.The largest insect in the collection is a beetle （甲虫） from South America called the titan beetle.Titan beetles can grow to more than 6 inches long.Flying machinesThe first powered plane to fly, the 1903 Wright Flyery is displayed in the National Air and Space Museum.The Smithsonian has the first supersonic （超音速的）airliner, the Concordey which could cross the Atlantic Ocean in fewer than four hours.The longest beardThe Smithsonian is home to the longest beard ever recorded.Norwegian immigrant Hans Langseth had grown his facial hair to 18 feet 6 inches by the time he died in 1927.The Smithsonian has 17 feet 6 inches of it because, even though Langsethfs Hnal wish was to have his entire beard preserved, his family decided it wouldn't be right to bury him clean-shaven.Time and admission：Smithsonian museums are open every day of the year except December 25 unless otherwise noted.Most museums are open daily from 10 a. m.to 5： 30 P. m.The American Art Museum and Portrait Gallery are open 11 ： 30 a. m.to 7 p. m.Admission is free for all Smithsonian museums and the zoo in Washington, D. C., and the American Indian Museum's George Gustav Heye Center in New York.A fee is required at the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum in New York （Members and children under 12 are admitted free）.语篇解读：本文是应用文。文章介绍了史密森尼博物院的历史、展品、扫瞄须知等。5. According to the text, the Smithsonian InstitutionA. was founded in honor of an AmericanB. has all its museums in Washington, D. C.C. is most famous for its fine collection of artD. was funded with the money from James Smithson解析：选D 细节理解题。依据其次段的"named after James Smithson”和uhe left his entire fortune to the United States to build an institution 'for the increase of knowledge”可知，史密森尼博物院建立的资金来自于James Smithson去世后留下的钱。6. The Smithsonian failed to get the entire beard of Hans Langseth*s due to A. the words in his last willB the rejection of his familyC. the tradition of NorwegiansD. the bad condition of the beard解析：选 B 细节理解题。依据文中的"Langseth's final wish was to have his entire beard preserved, his family decided it wouldn't be right to bury him dean-shaven” 可知，虽 然Langseth盼望把自己的胡子都保存下来，但他的家人还是盼望他能留点胡子下葬。7. What do the objects mentioned have in mon?A. They were from South Africa.B They are in the same museum.C. They are record-breaking items.D. They were from the 19th century.解析：选C 细节理解题。依据文中的largest, first, longest等词的描述可知，该博物 馆的这几件藏品都堪称世界之最。8. All of Smithsonian museums.A. are open at 10 a. m.B. charge an entrance feeC. are closed on Christmas DayD. ask for your membership cards解析：选C 细节理解题。依据倒数其次段的"Smithsonian museums are open every day of the year except December 25"可知，该博物馆圣诞节闭馆。CThere are many types of tombs （坟墓）in Egypt.However, throughout Egypfs past, the tombs of kings and high offlcials, upper class artists and craftsmen, and poor people were very different.For poor people, the types of tombs they used stayed about the same, but the tombs of kings and high ofTicials changed a lot over time.At first, the kings of Egypt were buried in what are known as mastabas in southern Egypt, mainly at a place called Abydos.They had a pit （深坑）where the dead were buried in the ground covered by stones above ground.Later mastabas sometimes had many rooms below and above ground to store the items that the dead person wished to take with him or her into the afterlife.Later, during a period known as the Old Kingdom, the kings decided to be buried in a more northern location around the capital of Egypt.lt was a city called the White Walls, but the Greeks called it Memphis.There were several cemeteries （墓地）around Memphis.The first was a place called Saqqara, where the earliest pyramids were located.These were not true pyramids, as they had stepped sides rather than being smooth.Later kings experimented with true pyramids at a place called Dashure, where they finally built the first true pyramid tomb.However, the largest and grandest pyramids were later built at a place called the Giza Plateau, which is now just outside of the modern city of Cairo, Egypt.However, there were a number of other locations where the kings of Egypt built pyramids, but almost all of them were built near Memphis in the north or only as far south as a place called the Fayoum.语篇解读：本文向我们介绍了古埃及的坟墓尤其是国王的坟墓的变化。9. With time passing by, the tombs of poor people in EgyptA. became deeper and deeperB. changed a lot in shapeC. moved from place to placeD. didn't change much解析：选D 细节理解题。依据文章第一段中的"For poor people, the types of tombs they used stayed about the same可知，古埃及穷人的坟墓样式随着时间的推移根本上没什 么变化。10. According to Para.2, why were many rooms built in a mastaba?A. To keep stones in them.B To make the tomb look bigger.C. To bury the dead people's families.D. To store things for the dead people.解析：选D 细节理解题。依据文章其次段中的“to store the items"可知，那些房 间是用来给死者贮存随葬品的。11. What was the difference between the earliest pyramids and the true ones?A. The former were lower and smaller than the latter.B. The former had stepped sides while the latter had smooth sides.C. The former were used to bury poor people while the latter were used to bury kings.D. The former were built in the south of Memphis while the latter in the north of Memphis.解析：选B 细节理解题。依据文章第三段中的“as they had stepped sides rather than being smooth"可知，最早的金字塔与真正的金字塔的区分是最早的金字塔的侧面是阶梯状 的而真正的金字塔的侧面是光滑的。12. Where were most of the true pyramids in Egypt located?A. At Abydos.B. At the Giza Plateau.C. Near Memphis.D. At the Fayoum.解析：选C 推理推断题。依据文章最终一段中的“ .but almost all of them were built near Memphis in the north or only as far south as a place called the Fayoum”可推断埃及大 局部的金字塔都在孟菲斯市的四周。II .阅读七选五Helping a friend who is hurtingDon't invite more emotion than you can handle.12Your friends will be telling you about some problems that have lots of emotion involved.Pay attention to the emotion, not the problems.If they are sad, show that you care about how bad they feel.If they are angry, help them to talk them out (without either agreeing or disagreeing).Remember why they came to you.3A map of the troubles.Think about each of your friendships, and ask yourself this question：“Do we usually just have fun, without talking about some problems?"4 Instead, they are asking you to be an advisor of some sort.Either back out of this friendship or insist that it change into something that both of you can enjoy.When your help doesn't help.When your love and caring isn't enough, don't be afraid to say so.Remember that you can't really help unless you want to, and you can't possibly want to if you are being overused or if you are running out of time or energy.5 If they ask you where they can turn now, tell them all you know about resources.A. Don't think for them.B. Don't get lost in the problems.C. They came to you because they wanted a friend!D. Simply say, "I don't think I can help you anymore with this."E. If they are scared, fort them physically or with your words.F. If the answer is “no" ，your friends are not asking you to be a friend.G. Don't say "Maybe you need a good cry“ unless you are willing to sit through the tears!语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了在关心伴侣时应当留意的五个问题。1 .选 G 依据本空前的“Don't invite emotional release unless you can stay with your friends while they experience their feelings."可知，除非你情愿等着伴侣哭完，否那么不要 说“或许你需要好好地哭一场“。2 .选 B 依据本局部中的“Pay attention to the emotion, not the problems.”及随后举的 例子不难看出，作者在这里建议大家不要在问题中迷失。3 .选 C 依据本空前的“If they had wanted a teacher, or a parent, they could have gone to one/可知，他们要找的不是老师或者家长，他们找你是由于他们需要伴侣。4 .选F F项中的answer不仅符合本空前的问句，而且“are not asking you to be a friend"也与本空后的“Instead, they are asking you to be an advisor of some sort.”相照应。5 .选 D 依据本局部中的“When your love and caring isn*t enough, don't be afraid to say so."可知，当自己没有时间和精力关心他人时，直接说：“我想在这个问题上我不能再 帮你了”。acute/3，kju：t/中有观看力的；敏锐的；严峻的；深刻的此处在句中表示“观看力敏 锐的“。©as well as "也；又"，连接并列成分。assume/o'sju： m/".假定；设想regardless of不管；不顾；不理昧在it is reasonable to assume中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是to assume .mat/maet/.席子；垫子quilt/kwllt/被子；棉被must have done意为“肯定,确定”，表示对过去状况的确定推想。make行res生火keep them warm 是“keep+宾语+/（宾补）”结构。beast/bi: st/野兽scare .away 把吓跑as well还；也，用于确定句句尾。©keep out 阻挡 ©freezing winter 寒冷的冬天学1:对不起，打断一下你的讲话。但他们怎么能住在这个地方呢？这儿只有石头和树 木啊。考：问得好。你是个敏锐的观看者。在高山上的那些地窖里我们找到了人骨和兽骨， 还有工具和其他物品。因此我们有理由认为他们不顾寒冷，就住在这些地窖里。学2：那他们是怎样取暖的呢？他们不行能像我们现在这样有垫子、毯子和被子。想必 是很不舒适的了。考：我们发觉在地窖中心有生火用的地炉。他们用地炉里的火来取暖、做饭，还可以 用火来吓跑野兽。我们始终在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚。这意味着他们可能整个 冬天都在烧火。我们还没有找到门，但我们认为在天寒地冻的冬季他们可能是用兽皮挂在 洞口来防寒的。S3： What wild animals were there all that time ago?A： Well, we'YeJmxJiDdiJlg® the bones of tigers and bears in the caves, and we think these were their most dangerous enemies.Now 5Kh tbjesfc忠arixpeopl殳段？(Mozrs picture of a sewing needle)Si: Gosh! Thafs a needle.Goodness, does that mean they repaired things?A： What else do you think it might have been used for® ?S4: Let me look at it.Ifs at most three centimetres long.Ah yes, it seems to be made of boned wonder how they made the hole for the .Si：(interrupting) Do you mean that they made their own clothes? Where did they get the material?A： They didn't have material like we have today.Can you guess what they used?S1： Wow! Did they wear clothesHow did theyprepare them? I'm sure they were quite heavy to cut and sew together.©have been finding是现在完成进行时。 .what do you think this tells us about .？是简单的特别疑问句,其构成形式为： wh/how+do you think+宾语从句。do you think作插入语，其后宾语从句用陈述语序。除 think 外，可用于此句式的动词还有 believe, suppose, imagine, expect, guess 等。be used for被用来at （the） most 至多；最多©centimetre /fsentl（ mi： ta/厘米（ 美 centimeter）wonder ".&说.想知道；感到惊讶.惊异；奇迹；奇观©entirely “do.完全地；全部地过去分词短语made entirely of animal skins作后置定语，修饰clothes。学3:在那以前有些什么野兽呢?考：嗯，我们在洞里间续发觉老虎和熊的骨头。我们认为，这些野兽对他们来讲是最 危急的敌人了。现在，你们看这个东西能告知我们有关早期人类生活的什么状况呢？（指着 一张画有针线的照片让大家看）学2：哎呀！那是一根针。天哪，莫非他们还会修补东西吗？考：除此之外，你们认为它还可能有别的什么用处吗？学4：让我看看。这个东西最多三厘米长，噢，它看起来像是用骨头做的。我不知道他 们是怎样做成针眼的学2：（插话）你是不是说他们自己做衣服穿？他们又是从哪里搞到衣料的呢？考：他们没有像我们今日穿的这种衣料。你们能猜出他们用的是什么吗？学1：哇！他们穿的衣服全都是用兽皮做的吗？他们那些衣服是怎么做成的？我想兽皮 剪裁并缝起来肯定又厚又重啊。A： Our evidence suggests that theycontinue discovering© tools that were sharpeners® for other tools.lt seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.Then smaller scrapers® were probably used to remove the fat and meat from the skin.After that they would rub an ample amount of® salt onto the skin to make it soft.Finally, they would cut it and sew the pieces together.Quite a difficult and messy task! Now look at this.(shows anecklace)S2： Why, it's a primitive necklace.Did early people really care about their appearance like we do? Ifs lovely!A： Yes, and so well preserved© .What do you think it's made of?S4： Let me see.Oh, I think some of the beads© are made of animal bones but others are made of shells.A： How clever you are! One bone is actually an animal tooth and the shells are from the seaside.Can you identify® any other bones? ,®did wear clothes made from animal skins 中，did强调谓语动词wear,表示“的确穿着"，过去分词短语made from animal skins 作后置定语，修饰clothes。continue doing sth.连续做某事；持续做某事©sharpener /J a: pono/k.磨具；削具©sharpen /'J a: po