高二英语人教版选修8学案UNIT2SECTIONⅠWARMINGUPREADING—PREREADING.docx

Section IWarming Up & Reading Pre-reading点点释疑把课文读懂原文呈现CLONING： WHERE IS IT LEADING US?Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay.lt is a way of making an exactcopy oft happens in plants when gardeners take cuttingsfrom growing plants to make new ones.lt also happens in animals when twinsidenticalin sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.The.foct ithatthes jjrebQth xample&jjf natural Qlftnes .读文清障exact/Ig'z史kt/a瓶精确的；精确？的make a copy of (=copy)复制of making作way的定语。cutting/'kA tLg/.剪枝；剪报；剪纸twin/twln/%双胞胎之一；挛生儿之一 疗成对的；成双的identical/aPdentlkl/M/.同一的；一模一样的The fact is that中,that引导表语从句。克隆：它将把我们引向何方?第1段译文克隆始终与我们同在，而且它还要持续下去。这是一种用来生产与原型完全相同的动 植物的方法。当园艺师从生长着的植物上剪下枝条来培植新植物时，就会产生这种现象。 这种现象也发生在动物身上，从同一个原生卵子产生性别和相貌相同的双胞胎也是克隆。实际上，这些都是自然克隆现象的例子。Cloning has two major uses.Firstly. gardeners use it all the time to produce mercial quantities of plants.Scondlyit is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.Cloning plants is straightforwardwhile® cloning animals is very plicatedIt is a difficult task to undertake®.Many attempts / cion® mammalsfailed.But the determination and patience of the scientists paid off® in 1996 with a breakthroughprocedureworks like this：clone will know everything you know and will act as you do, that heads which are cut off can be kept alive, and that a clone has no belly button （肚脐）.Many of the myths are ridiculous but many people believe them.Kurpinski and Johnson also detail some bio-improvements “that really work” You see, genes can be controlled to help you sleep better and bee smarter, healthier, and taller.Well .not exactly you, but future generations.If you do wind up in a battle with your own clone, who will be considerably younger than you, remember that it is not you and that it doesn't know what you know.语篇解读：本文介绍了一本关于克隆学问的书厂1. Many bioengineeringexperts in moviesareA.humorousB.wealthyC.seriousD.crazy解析：选 C 推理推断题。从第一的“unlike similar scientists you have seen in the movies, they both have a sense of humor"可知电影中的生物工程学家一般都是没有幽默感 的。2. Which of the following things are in the book How to Defeat Your Own Clone?a. What DNA and its purpose are.b. Who is against cloning.c. The history of cloning.d- The myths about cloning.e. The disadvantages of cloning.A. a, b, eB. a, c, dC. b, d, eD. b, c, d解析：选B 细节理解题。从其次段的“The book not only helps us get a basic understanding of what DNA and its purpose are .The authors provide a history of cloning ”及第三段的“The real fun starts when the authors attack various myths about ckming."可知答案。3 We can learn from the passage that biotechnologyA. has been banned in many countries around the worldB. is being used to improve one*s intelligence right nowC. can help improve the physical condition of future generationsD. is sure to cure any disease in the near future解析：选 C 推理推断题。从第四段的“genes can be controlled to help you sleep better and bee smarter, healthier, and taller.Well .not exactly you, but future generations/，可知 C项正确。4. According to the passage, a clone of youA. will want to kill youB. knows whatever you knowC. has no belly buttonD. will be younger than you解析：选 D 细节理解题。从最终一段的“who will be considerably younger than you" 可知D项正确。BThe eventual extinction of the large prehistoric animals has always attracted researchers.However, it is impossible to recreate most of them, either because the fossilized （变成化石的）DNA is too old （dinosaur） or just not available.But the one exception may be the woolly mammoth, which lived about 8,000 years ago.Thanks to their relatively recent disappearance and the ice-cold weather they lived in, plenty of well-preserved specimens （标本）have been discovered.In the last few years, scientists have been able to piece together the mammal's genetic code （遗传密码）using some frozen hair and also recreate its blood, with the help of DNA that was found preserved in the bone.Now, a group of Japanese scientists want to take it one step further and bring the mammoth back to life.The team of scientists plan to start with a journey to Siberia this summer, to seek out the DNA from a flash-frozen specimen of the mammaLIn case they are unable to find one, they will use the tissue of a preserved mammoth that currently sits in a Russian laboratory.The scientists will join the mammoth's DNA with an empty egg of the mammoth's closest present-day relative - the elephant.Then, by using an electric current, they will trick the egg into growing and dividing.After a few days, the researchers will put it inside a female elephant, which will act as a surrogate mother （代孕母亲）.Then begins the waiting game for it takes about 600 days, for an elephant or in this case a woolly mammoth baby, to fully develop - that is, if everything goes well and the surrogate mother doesn't reject the egg.If luckily we do get a baby mammoth, scientists are not sure if they would produce more, but they are hoping they will be able to study it and answer the age-old question of how they became extinct were they hunted down by humans or did they die because of climate change?Will the woolly mammoth e back to life? We have to wait and see.语篇解读：本文是说明文。的科学家正在尝试克隆猛吗象，企图复活这一史前庞然大物。5. The remains of the woolly mammoth are kept well partly due to.A their long hairB. their big sizeC. the coldnessD. human activity解析：选C 细节理解题。由其次段中的“the ice-cold weather they lived in, plenty of well-preserved specimens (#) have been discovered，z及“frozen”可知，猛妈象生活的地 域气候寒冷，这使得它们的遗骸保存得比拟完好。6. Why do the Japanese scientists plan to go to Siberia?A. To find suitable DNA.B. To preserve the specimen.C. To recreate the mammoth's blood.D. To seek help from the Russian scientists.解析：选A 细节理解题。由第三段中的"to seek out the DNA from a flash-frozen specimen of the mammar，可知，科学家去西伯利亚是要找到适宜的猛鸡象DNA。7. The fourth paragraph mainly deals with.A. the future of the cloned mammothB. the process of cloning the mammothC. the difficulty the scientists are faced withD. the relation between the mammoth and the elephant解析：选B 段落大意题。由第四段中的"join the mammoth's DNA with an empty egg” , “Then, by using an electric currentz, , "After a few days"可知，本段介绍 了 科学 家克隆猛鸡象将会实施的步骤。8. If the scientists* efforts pay off, we are most likely to.A. clone a lot of mammothsB. bring dinosaurs back to lifeC. know the effects of climate changeD. find out why the mammoth died out解析：选D 细节理解题。由倒数其次段中的“but they are hoping they will be able to study it and answer the age-old question of how they became extinctz，可知，假如克隆胜利， 科学家可以通过讨论猛鸡象宝宝来探究猛鸡象灭亡背后的缘由。CI had a great time this summer visiting Stone Mountain Park in Georgia with my twin grandsons.I had the opportunity to spend the day with them seeing the various sights and attractions.One thing that my grandsons had really wanted to do was climb to the top of Stone Mountain.lt isn*t a very high mountain and fortunately has walking trails to the top, but for two 5-year-olds, along with their grandpa, it's a formidable task.Since my grandsons* enthusiasm was much greater than mine, I decided to start the slow walk up the mountain.I reminded myself that it took 3 of their steps to equal 1 of mine, so I found myself walking ahead of them, then having to stop and let them catch up, over and over again.I was tired, just wanting to get to the top of the mountain so I could rest well before starting my way back.I learned early on during our walk that this wasn't going to be the case.We had to stop and look at every large rock with someone's name carved in it.We looked at unusual plant formations.We examined large trees and we explored small rock overhangs that reminded the kids of caves.My grandsons viewed the walk as an exciting adventure.CIimbing the mountain was a trial to me, but my grandsons were not focused at all on the trial of climbing the mountain; they were simply enjoying the journey of the walk.I know when I face a trial in life, I tend to always think of the problem.I want the trial to be over quickly and let life get back to normal.But with that attitude, what can I learn during the course of a trial? At some point, the trial will be over and Ill be joyous for sure.However, the real joy shouldn't be about the end of the trial, but what I learned during the journey.语篇解读：生活中遇到考验时，我们要从中学到东西，要学会享受过程。9. The underlined word “formidable“ in Paragraph 1 probably means “ .A. meaningfulB. difficultC. urgentD. strange解析：选B 词义猜想题。由该词所在的第一段前面语句的意思可知，石山虽然不是 特殊高，而且还有步行道直通山顶，但是对于两个五岁的孩子和他们的爷爷来说，这是一 个艰难的任务。由此可推知画线词formidable在此应当意为“艰难的”。10. The author only wanted to reach the mountain top to.A. have a good restB. get a better viewC. look at unusual plantsD. see large rocks carved with names解析：选A 细节理解题。依据第三段中的第一句“I was tired, just wanting to get to the top of the mountain so I could rest well before starting my way back.”可知，作者只想到达 山顶后好好休息一下。11. In the author's opinion, what makes him really joyous about the trial?A. Its being over.B. Facing it bravely.C. What he learned from it.D. Its making life more challenging.解析：选C 细节理解题。依据最终一段内容“However, the real joy shouldn be about the end of the trial, but what I learned during the journey.”可知答案。12. What would be the best title for the text?A. Educating kids about trialsB. Learning to enjoy the journeyC. Mountain climbing benefits healthD. Grandsons* happiness stays with me解析：选B 标题归纳题。作者通过描述与孙子爬山的经受告知读者：生活中遇到考 验时，要从中学到东西，要学会享受过程，应选B项。II.阅读七选五Work-Life BalanceMany articles are focused on the importance of work-life balance.Below are some suggestions mentioned frequently.Decide on priorities （优先的事物）. 1 You do not need to do everything in one night.Prioritize what needs to be done early in the week and what can be done later.If you are focusing on a few projects, you will do a better job on each assignment.2 And at the same time get your work done and have time to relax or hang out with friends.3 If there's an activity that no longer brings you joy, think about whether you really want to continue pursuing it.Ifs hard to let go of something you've invested in for years, but if it has bee a burden with little return for you, it's time to give it up.Take care of yourself. 4 Do not sacrifice （牺牲）your health because you are too busy to take care of yourself.A bination of a healthy diet, regular exercise and plenty of sleep helps you relieve stress.5A. Give up if necessary.B. Make a considerate plan in advance.C. Decide what is the most important and what needs to be done first.D. Choose one or two things that you really enjoy and do it or them well.E. Have a balanced and healthy diet, exercise regularly and get enough sleep.F. Set goals that you can see yourself achieving within a certain period of time.G. The time that you take for yourself will help you focus when you finish your work.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章主要就如何平衡工作与生活提出了几点建议。L选C 本选项是对本段主旨句的解释说明。由主旨句和空后的内容可知，C项打算 什么是最重要的事以及什么是应当首先要做的事符合文意，应选C。2 .选D 本选项承接上一句，从正面说明要选择一两项你喜爱做的事并尽力做好，与 本段的主旨Donl be an over-achiever./，相对应，应选D。3 .选A 本段两个条件句都表达了在必要的时候应当放弃，应选A。4 .选E 本选项是对本段主旨句的绽开陈述。说明要从哪些方面照看好自己，与本段 的最终一句相对应，应选E。5 .选G 本选项接着前两句说明给自己留出休闲放松时间的好处，应选G。1 Female sheep A provides an egg cell.2 The nucleus is removed fromthe egg cell.3 The egg cell is ready for a new nucleus.4 Female sheep B provides a somatic© cell for the clone.The nucleus of this cell contains all the genes needed tQ prodjice an物 sheep®.5 The nucleus is taken out of the somatic cell.6 The nucleus from sheep B and the egg cell from sheep A are joined using el线以idlya7 The cell divides and grows into an embryo®.8 The embryo is put into female sheep C, who bees the carrier of the clone®.9 The lamb is the clone of the donated® cell from Sheep B nucleus®.©all the time 始终mercial/ko，m3 : J 1/a办商业的；贸易的quantities of “大量的"；修饰可数名词复数或不行数名词。©straightforward/(strelffo : wod/a的.简洁的；直接的；坦率的while在此表示“而；却”，是并列连词，表示比照关系。plica ted/'kD mplIkeltld/M/.简单的；难懂的©undertake/, A ndo'telk/of.(undertook; undertaken)着手；从事；承当不定式短语to undertake作定语，修饰task。不定式短语to clone mammals作定语，修饰attemptsoFirstly .Secondlyat last”首先其次最终,表示论述挨次。pay off得到好结果；取得胜利；偿清breakthrough/!brelk0ru：procedure/pro'si：d3%.程序；步骤；手续nucleus/*nju： kllas/,原子核；中心remove .from将从移走Osomatic/sau 'msetlk/M/.躯体的；肉体的；细胞体的过去分词短语needed to作定语，修饰genesoO现在分词短语using electricity作方式状语。embryofembrlau/n.M;胚胎；萌芽时期卷cairier/'kaerl。/.携带者；搬运工；运输工具who引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词female sheep Co©donate ”.捐赠；捐献©which引导定语从句，修饰Sheep B。第2段译文克隆技术有两个主要用途。第一，园艺师始终用它生产大量的供商用的植物；其次，它在对 新植物物种的讨论以及对动物的医学讨论方面都是有价值的。克隆植物简洁，但克隆动物就 特别简单了。这是一项很难完成的任务。克隆哺乳动物的屡次尝试都失败了。但是决心和急 躁使科学家们最最终1996年收获了突破性的结果克隆羊”多莉。它的程序如下所示: 1母羊A供应一个卵细胞。2将卵细胞中的细胞核取出。3卵细胞预备接受新的细胞核。4母羊B供应一个供克隆的体细胞，该细胞的细胞核包含生产一头新羊所需要的全部基因。 5取出该体细胞的细胞核。6用电将母羊B的体细胞核和母羊A的卵细胞结合起来。7细胞分裂并生长成胚胎。8把胚胎置入另外一头母羊C体内，母羊C就是克隆羊的代孕。9这头小羔羊就是由供应细胞核的母羊B所供应的细胞克隆而成的。On the one hand®9the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep.The factwas very.Cloning scientists were cast down© to find that Dolly's illnesses were more appropriate to® a much older animal.Altogether® Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.Sadly the same arbitrary® fate® affected other species, such as cloned mice.The questions thatxoMmiedLalLMtelltistS酚 were： “Would this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals? Would it happen forever? Could it be solved if corrections were made in their research procedure?" on the one hand 一方面©that she seemed to develop normally 是 fact 的同位语。©Then came the disturbing news that中，then位于句首引起完全倒装。本句中的 news 与 that Dolly had bee seriously ill 是同位关系。©cast/ka: st/rZ.(cast, cast)扔；投；掷cast down使绝望；使懊丧©be appropriate to适合于的；与相称的©altogether/, o : Ito'ged。/加总共；完全地卷arbitrary,a: bltrorl/喈任意的fate/felt/命运；天命©that引导的定语从句,修饰the questionsocorrection/ka1rekf n/.改正；订正；修正第3段译文一方面，整个科学界都在关注着首例胜利的克隆动物多莉羊的成长。多莉羊看起来是 在正常地成长的事实很令人鼓舞。接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。讨论克隆的科学家们发 觉多莉得的病更简洁发生在年老的羊身上，这让他们很懊丧。多莉总共存活了六年半，这 是它的原型羊寿命的一半。可悲的是，同样无法掌握的命运也在影响着其他物种，如克隆 鼠。全部科学家们都关怀的问题是“这是不是全部克隆动物的一个主要困难呢？这种现象 会不会永久发生？假如改良他们的讨论程序，问题会不会解决呢？"On the other hand, Dolly*s appearance raised a storm of® objections® and had a great impact on the media © and public imagination.lt became controversial © .It suddenly opened everybody's eyes to the possibility otusiiigdftiiiiigJojei峻展KiQU&iUngsses and even to produce human beings©.,a storm of 常形容感情的爆发。objection/ob'd3 ekj n/.不赞成；反对；异议object/ob'd ekt/ui.反对；不赞成©)impact/'Impaekt/i撞击；冲击；巨大的影响©medium/*mi： dlam/n.(p/.media/,mi： die/)媒介;手段；工具 the media 群众传播媒体(如 电视、报纸等)© controversial a的.有争议的，引起争议的©of using cloning 作定语，修饰 the possibilityo""""第4段译文另一方面，多莉的消失引起了一阵剧烈的反对，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了极大 的影响。它引起了争议。它突然翻开了人们的眼界，使人们看到了有可能利用克隆技术来 治疗重病，甚至还有可能克隆出人类。Ithough at present human egg cells and embryos ne