高二英语人教版选修8学案UNIT1SECTIONⅢGRAMMAR—名词性从句（主语从句宾语从句和表语从句）.docx

Section!Grammar=_名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）课前自主领梧KEQIANZIZHULINGWU语法图解.及物动词的宾语2 .介词的宾语3 .动态形容词后14.注意事项、r 1.主语+连系动词+表语从句名词性从句表语从句 2.连系动词有be, look, remain, seem,I sound等1 .连接词Ihat, whether和if连接词2 .连接代词what, which, who, whom和 whose3 .连接副词when, where, why和how4 .夏合连接词 what over, whichever, whoever 和 whomeverit作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句探究发觉Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.©Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.我的发觉（1）以上各句皆为主从复合句，句中用了相当于名词作用的从句（即名词性从句）在句中充 当成分。（2）名词性从句在句中可作介词的宾语（句），动词的宾语（句）。（3）名词性从句在句中可作主适，且可用it作形式主语,真正的主语从句置于句末（句、 ）。（4）名词性从句在句中可作表适（句）。课堂要点精析KETANGYAODIANJINGXIlike your new apartment?Ann： Well, that's 2.why I'm calling you at this time of the day.I want to consult you about my decision 3.that Ill start looking for a new place.Roger： Will you tell me 4.what is the problem with your place now? It never occurs to me 5.that you don't like the apartment.Ann： I do, but the problem is 6.that it is a little far from the campus.I wonder 7i"whether you can help me.Roger： All right.So, will you make clear 8.what kind of place you are looking for?Ann： Well, I'd like to share an apartment with one or two roommates within walking distance of the school.Roger： Thafs OK.Now please tell me how much you want to spend on rent.Ann： Oh, somewhere under D|S200 a month.Roger： Hmm.And anything else?Ann： Yeah, I need a parking space.Roger： Well, it seems 9.that there is such an apartment for rent near 10.where I live.ril just drop by on my way to work today.Ann： Hey, thanks a lot.Roger： No problem.一、主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句的定义及特点（一）主语从句主语从句是指在句中作主语的从句，位置与陈述句的主语相同。Whether the sports meet will be held is not certain now.运动会是否将进行现在不能确定。How the book will sell depends on its author.这本书销售如何取决于作者本人。Where we shall have the meeting makes no difference.我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。名师点津假设主语局部结构较长，可以使用形式主语it,把真正的主语从句放于后 面。That she will do well in her exam is certain.=It is certain that she will do well in her exam.她在考试中会做得好，这是确定无疑的。（二）宾语从句1 .作及物动词的宾语Everyone knows that the earth is made up of matter.每个人都知道地球是由物质构成的。2 .作介词的宾语如：besides that "除之外"；but that "假设不是"；except that "除了"；in that. “在于；由于”。Is there anything wrong in what I said?我所说的有错误之处吗？These two areas are similar in that they both have high rainfall in summer.这两个地区相像，由于在夏天降水都许多。3 .动态形容词后形容词后跟宾语从句的用法只限于少数动态形容词，如sure（确信），certain（确定）， afraid（担忧），confident（有把握的）等。I'm not certain whether the train will arrive on time.我不确信火车是否将会按时到达。4 .考前须知（1）宾语从句的否认转移:think, believe, suppose, imagine等动词后的宾语从句中的否认 词要转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否认式，而从句的谓语动词用确定式。I don't think we need to waste much time on it.我想我们不必在这上面铺张太多时间。（形式上否认主句，实际上还是否认从句）(2)宾语从句中不能省略that的状况。动词后有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，紧跟动词后的宾语从句可以省去that,其余 的宾语从句前的that 一般不能省去。I believe (that) you have done your best and that things will improve.我信任你已经尽全力了，事情会好起来的。(其次个that不能省)(3) “doubt +宾语从句”的应用。确定句中用whether或if,否认句和疑问句中用that。I doubt whether he can pass the exam.我疑心他是否能够通过此次考试。I don't doubt that he can pass the exam.我不疑心他能通过此次考试。Do you doubt that he can pass the exam?你疑心他能通过此次考试吗？(三)表语从句1 .表语从句在复合句中作表语，消失在连系动词之后，一般结构为“主语+连系动词 +表语从句。The question is whether we can finish the work in time.问题是我们是否能准时完成这项工作。2 .可接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem, sound等。You look as if you slept badly.你看上去仿佛没睡好觉。The fact remains that we are still not advanced enough.事实依旧是我们还是不够先进。名师点津(1)表语从句实际上是对主语进行补充说明，从句表达的是主语的内容。The fact is that he didn't notice the car until too late.事实是他留意到汽车时已经太晚了。(2)主句的主语是名词 idea, advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement 等时，表语从 句应用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion about this matter instead of setting it aside.我的建议是我们应当争论一下这个问题，而不是把它放在一边。即时演练1选词填空(2017江苏高考改编)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of what it used to charge.(what/which)(2017天津高考改编)She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadn*t.(what/whether)(2017,北京高考改编)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing where she was heading.(which/where)(2016北京高考改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.(that/what)(2015,北京高考改编)How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(where/how)(安徽高考改编)From space, the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.(why/because)©That he had met a kind librarian in the city library gave us no surprise.(that/what)二、连接词(一)that, whether 和 if3 .连接词thatthat引导从句时，本身无意义，在从句中不充当成分。但是that在引导主语从句、表 语从句时，一般不能省略；在引导宾语从句时，常被省略；但是以下两种状况除外：(1)多个并列从句消失时，第一个that可以省略，其他的不能省略。(2)含有形式主语it时，放于后面的宾语从句不能省略thatoThat he suddenly fell ill made us surprised.他突然生病让我们震动。She said (that) she would return that book next week.她说她将于下周归还那本书。She said (that) she would e here and that I should wait for her till Monday.她说她将会来这儿并让我等到星期一。They made it clear to the public that they did an important and necessary job.他们向公众说明：他们所做的工作重要且必不行少。The fact is that we are behind other groups.事实是我们落后于其他小组。4 .连接词whether和if(1)连接词whether/if在从句中意为“是否”，不充当成分，一般不能省略。(2)主语从句位于句首时只能用whether；当用it作形式主语时，whether与if都可以。(3)表语从句中常用whethero(4)宾语从句中连接词whether和if常常可以互换。Whether he passed the exam was not certain.=It was not certain whether/if he passed the exam.不确定他是否通过了考试。The question is whether we should ask them for help.问题是我们是否应当向他们寻求关心。I wonder whether/if he'll agree with me.我想知道他是否会同意我。名师点津宾语从句中用whether不用if的三种状况：与or not连用We don't know whether Tom will turn up at the meeting or not我们不知道汤姆是否会参与会议。（2）位于介词之后Everything depends on whether you are for it.每件事情都取决于你是否赘成它。（3）位于动词不定式之前I don't know whether to believe him.我不知道是否该信任他。（二）连接代词 what, which, who, whom 和 whose连接代词what, which, who, whom和whose在从句中的意义分别为"所""哪一个"“谁 "谁 “谁的；在从句中起代词的作用，可作主语、表语、宾语或定语。Thafs what we have said.（作宾语）那就是我们所说的话。Do you know which of the boys was late?（作主语）你知道哪个男孩迟到了吗？Who will e to give the talk is known to us all.（作主语）我们都知道谁将来作报告。The problem is whom the headmaster will send to deal with it.（作宾语）问题是校长将要派谁来处理这件事情。Do you know whose T-shirt it is?（作定语）你知道这是谁的T恤衫吗？名师点津连接代词what, which的区分：which引导主语从句时需要限定一个有限的、较小的范围，而what指在一个较广的范 围内进行选择或者根本没有范围。Which of the boys broke the window is already known.已经知道是哪个男孩打破了窗户。I don't know what books the children can read.我不知道孩子们能读什么书。（三）连接副词 when, where, why 和 howwhen意为“何时”，在从句中作时间状语；where意为“哪里，在从句中作地点状 语；how意为“如何，在从句中作方式状语；why意为“为什么，在从句中作缘由状 语。When well set off for home hasn't been decided yet.我们何时动身回家还没有被打算。That was where I spent my holiday.那就是我度假的地方。Nobody knew how she got the prize.没有人知道她是如何获奖的。This is why we put off the meeting.这就是我们推迟会议的缘由。(四)复合连接词 whatever, whichever, whoever 和 whomever连接代词whatever, whichever, whoever和whomever在从句中的意义分别为“无论什 么 “无论哪一个 “无论谁 “无论谁；在从句中起代词的作用，可作主语、宾语或 定语。Whatever I have is at your service.我全部的一切都供你使用。Ill take whichever picture you don't want.我任凭拿一幅你不要的画好了。Whoever breaks the law should be punished.无论谁违反了法律都应当受到惩处。Whomever you invite will be wele.你邀请的任何人都将受欢送。名师点津(l)whatever, whichever, who(m)ever既可引导名词性从句,又可引导让步 状语从句；no matter what, no matter which, no matter who(m)只引导让步状语从句。Whichever/No matter which dictionary you want to buy, I'll pay for it无论你想买哪本词典，我都情愿付款。(2)wherever (=no matter where); whenever ( = no matter when); however ( = no matter how)一般引导让步状语从句。However/No matter how tough the problem may be, I'll work it out by myself.无论问题可能有多难，我都会自己解决它。即时演练2补全句子(2017W匕京高考)Every year, whoever_®akes_the_piost Deautifu_Kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.每年制作出最美丽风筝的人都会在风筝节上获奖。WhaJ hg Jiac| §aid surprised everyone present.他所说的话让在场每一个人惊讶。It seemedthose in need.他好像已将全部的钱都捐给了那些需要关心的人。I don*t know wherej_ca口_placc_jnY_uqgawe.我不知道我的行李可以放在哪里。We discussed whethejwe shoulduse the jnoiiey to buy a new house.我们争论该不该用这笔钱买套新居子。三、让作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句（一）主语从句中以it作形式主语的四种常用句型1. It +不及物动词的适当形式+从句It seems that好似是It happened that 碰巧It follows that由此可见It has turned out that.结果It seemed that he had been to Beijing before.好似他以前去过北京。2. It+be+及物动词的过去分词+从句It is said that.据说It is reported that.据报道It is believed that.人们认为It is hoped that大家盼望It has been proved that 已证明It is said that he has read the novel.据说他读过这本小说。3.1 t+be+名词（词组）+从句It is a fact that 事实是It is good news that.是好消息。It is a question that.是个问题。It is mon knowledge that.是常识。It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health. 吸烟危害健康，这是事实。4. It+be+形容词+从句有必要It is necessary that.It is clear that 很清晰It is (un)likely that.很(不太)可能It is important that.重要的是It is necessary that people should learn to face the reality.人们应当学会面对现实是有必要的。(二)宾语从句中以it作形式宾语的两种常用句型1 .带复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的句子，that引导的宾语从句常常移到句子后面， 而用it作形式宾语。We think it possible that you can flnish the work today.我们认为你今日能够完成这项工作。2 .表示喜爱、憎恶等心理活动的动词或短语后习惯上先跟一个形式宾语it,再接宾语 从句 o 如：hate, enjoy, dislike, love, don't mind, feel like, appreciate, rely on, count on, see to, take (认为),owe 等。I take it that you will agree with us.我认为你会赞成我们的。巧学助记巧记名词性从句名词性从句并不难，陈述语气要领先。特殊留意引导词，引导主语、表语和宾语。主语从句嫌太长，it在句首属正常。宾语从句也不短，it代替并不乱。表语从句不能变，稳稳当当在中间。即时演练3补全句子It seems thatheY jvilwin the game.看起来他们会赢得这场竞赛。It is suggested that the meeting (should有人建议会议应当延期。(3)1 hate M)vhen they talk with their mouths full of food.我厌烦他们满嘴食物时说话。(4)1 thinK il necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。课后强化训练KEHOUQIANGHUAXUNLIAN1 .用适当的连接词填空1. What surprises me most is that he is too vain.2. Where cars will be parked in the future is a question.3. When we will have a picnic depends on the weather.4. Which part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.5. It has not been decided who will attend the meeting.6. It is reported that a new film will be put on in the cinema.7. That Mike didn't turn up at the meeting yesterday made the chairman of the meeting unhappy.8. Whether the President will attend the party or not is kept a secret.9. It is necessary that he should learn about the whole matter.10. Why they suddenly disappeared remains a mystery now.n.单句写作1. What role he 5vilplay in the film hasn't been known.在这部电影中他将扮演什么角色还不知道。2. He is a good student except that ne js aittle£areless.他是个好同学，就是有点马虎。3. She always thinks of how she£ei|MQ a Dettejiob.她总是在想怎样把工作做得更好。4. Whoever fails jn thc cxam shall not lose heart.无论谁在考试中失败都不应当丢失信念。5. We thinK M impnrtanthat every citizen should have good manners.我们认为每个市民有礼貌是重要的。6. ItJg sai（|Jhat the professor has already succeeded in carrying out this experiment.据说这位教授已经胜利地完成了这个试验。7. The reason for his absence was that h2?as jH他缺席的缘由是他生病了。8. It's a pitY that you missed the film.你错过了那部电影真是圆满。9. I doiTt thinK£aii remember the 100 words within two hours.我认为我不能在两小时内记住这100个单词。10. I am not interested in whether they 皿加，© m WC 口。匕我对他们是否信任我不感爱好。III.语法填空（用名词性从句引导词填空）Ann： Hello, Roger? This is Ann.Roger： Hi, Ann.I was about to call you to see l.how things are going with you.Do you