2023年牛津译林版中考英语二轮复习专项讲义与练习-动词语态.docx

2023年中考英语二轮复习专项讲义与练习动词语态知识点1语态的种类动词的语态可分为主动语态和被动语态。当主语是动作的执行者时,动词用 语态；当主语是动作的承受者时,动词用 语态。知识点2常考的被动语态的结构1. 一般现在时的被动语态：主语+ am/is/are +动词过去分词。2. 一般过去时的被动语态：主语+ was/were +动词过去分词。3. 一般将来时的被动语态：主语+shall/will + be +动词过去分词。 主语+is/am/are going to+be +动词的过去分词4. 含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+be+动词过去分词。另外几个时态的被动语态的结构：现在进行时：am / is / are + being +p.p.过去进行时： was / were+ being +p.p.现在完成时：have / has + been +p.p. 小试牛刀：(1 )My homework can(finish) in two hours .(2)Trees(plant) in spring .(3)The house(build) last year .(4)The car(repair) now.(5)The classroom(clean) by the students at 4 o'clock yesterday.(6)The light(turn) off. We can be off now.(7)Lei Feng(remember) by us forever .注意点1：“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时，可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。如： His teacher gave him a dictionary. a dictionary by his teacher,也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语，但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语。如:His teacher gave him a dictionary.A dictionary him by his teacher./His father made him a kite.Akite him by his father.give/send/show/pass/hand sth to sbbuy/make/cook/build sth for sb“动词+宾语+动词原形''改为被动时，动词原形前要加to.如：The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day. 一 The poor man was made 2 hours a day.see/watch /notice/hear/find sb do sth sb be seen/watched/noticed/heard/found to do sthmake/let/have sb do sth- sb be made/let/had to do sth“动词+.+介词”改为被动时，介词一般在原位不动。如：The girl takes good care of her little brother. The girl little brother by her.operate on/ laugh at/ pay attention to/ speak to/look down on/depend on.系动词没有被动结构(用主动表示被动)。如This food tastesdelicious,look/sound/smell/taste/feel+adj 不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：A car accident happened near my neighbourhood last night.happen/rise/last/die/appear/take place/break down/break out/ come out/run out/.实义动词+副词，表属性，主动表被动。如：sell well/ grow well/ write smoothly/ wash easily.sth+be worth+doing / sth+be adj.+to do/ sth need/require doing，主动表被动。如： The book is worth(read).Goldfish are easy(look) after.My bike needs(repair).注意点2：“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态，而可能是系表结构。如：He is pleased / worried / tired /.(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳)It' s said/ reported/believed/ known/thought that.据说/据报道/据信/众所周知/人们认为 例题解析：()1.In Chinese culture, children born in the year of the Monkey to be smart.A. sayB. saidC. will be saidD. are said分析与解答：此题考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意为“在中国文化中，人们认为猴年出生的孩子很 聪明”。分析句子结构，主语children与say是被动关系，根据上下文可知用一般现在时的被动语态，其 结构为“be+动词过去分词”。()2.His carfive years ago, but it looks quite new.A. buysB. bought C. is boughtD. was bought分析与解答：此题考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意为“他的车是五年前买的，但它看起来还很新”。 his car和buy是被动关系，且由five years ago可知句子应用过去时态。( )3.The villagers expect that the building of the bridge before the rainy season comes.A. is completedB. was completedC. will be completedD. has been completed分析与解答：此题考查动词的语态。句意为“村民们期盼在雨季来临前这座桥将竣工"。the building of the bridge和completed是被动关系，且由句意可知，时态用一般将来时。中考真题：()1.Our school librarywith plants, lovely desks and chairs, so I feel relaxed while studying orreading there.A. decorates B. decorated C.is decorated D. was decorating()2. Now teenagers to do voluntary work for their local communities.A. are encouragedB. were encouragedC. have encouragedD. are encouraging()3. More dinosaur fossils(化石),including footprints, bones or eggs, could in the future.A. discover B. be discovered C. have discovered D. be discovering()4. - Do we have to read anything next week, Mr Wu?Sure, You to read Black Beauty from pages 58 to 85.A. were expected B. will expect C. are expecting D. are expected()5. -Sir, I have trouble doing the voluntary work for the 20th Games of Jiangsu Province in Taizhou.-Don't worry. A lot of support soon.A. is offered B. will be offered C. was offered D. were offered()6. Rainbows when sunlight passes through small drops of water in the sky.A. produce B. produced C. are producedD. were produced()7. -Good news! The Underground Line 1 in Nantong to come into service soon.-That's great! Transport will become much easier for us.A. will be expected B. is expected C. expects D. is expecting()8. The 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou in September 2022.1 can't wait.A. were held B. will be held C. have held D. are held()9. Last year Huai5an Flyover(高架). Now it brings much convenience to people.A. finished B. finishes C. is finishing D. was finished()10. The 2nd Games of Qinghuai District on March 28, 2021 to make more people realize theimportance of health. A. held B. has held C. is held D. was held()11. -Mum , when shall we go to watch the cherry blossoms in Wenfeng Park?-your homework tomorrow.A. Until; will be finished B. Until; has finishedC. Not until; will finishD. Not until; is finished()12. -Aunt Li, who is the lovely boy in red in the picture?-It's my son. The picture 10 years ago.A. took B. is taken C. has taken D. was taken()13. -Can Mr King spare some time for the charity show?-If he, he will try his best to make it.A. will be invited B. will invite C. is invited D. invites 强化练习：()1. A library with five thousand books to the nation as a gift.A. is offeredB. has offeredC. are offeredD. have offered()2. Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information in a short time.A. can be learnedB. has been learnedC. can learnD. has learned()3. Tom said he had never been there, but he was.A. layB. liedC. lyingD. lie()4. The 2nd Youth Olympic Games was on TV. So everyone could watch it at home.A. covering liveB. covered livelyC. cover liveD. covered live()5. Look at our new school. It last year.A. builtB. was builtC. is builtD. will be built()6. The classroom by her every day.A. cleansB. is cleanedC. is cleaningD. are cleaned()7. -Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.-1 am sorry, but I when to start.A. don't toldB. didn't tellC. wasn't toldD. haven't told()8. The old should well.A. be take care ofB. look afterC. be looked afterD. be taking care of()9. -Mom, my classmates are playing outside. Can I join them?-Not until your homework.A. finishesB. is finishedC. finishedD. was finished()10. We that the meeting had been put off.A. were toldB. toldC. tell himD. are told()11. Neither Jam nor his parents places of interest here since they came to China.A. will visitB. has visitedC. have visitedD. visited()12. Zhangzhou will be more and more convenient(方便的)when Zhangzhou Subway in two years.A. is completedB. will be completedC. will completeD. has completed()13. By was the book?A. who; wroteB. whom; writeC. whom; writtenD. whom; writing()14. The boy streets without pay in the old days.A. was made to cleanB. made cleanC. made to cleanD. was made clean()15. -Football by the British at the beginning of last century.-That's probably why football is one of the most popular games in England.A.plays B. is played C. played D. was played( )16. Now waste from daily life in the city of Shanghai to be separated into four different groups.A. is requiringB. is requiredC. was requiredD. required()17. This pair of trousers smooth because they are made of Chinese silk.A. feelsB. feelC. is feltD. are felt()18. The China International Search and Rescue Team has brought help and hope to people in disasters around the world since it 18 years ago.A. set upB. is set upC. was set upD. will be set up()19. A lot of new roads in order to develop the villages in the next five tears.A. buildB. were builtC. buildD. will be built()20. The match because of the bad weather. What a pity!A. will cancelB. has cancelledC. was cancelledD. is cancelling()21. -Have you finished your report on green life?-Not yet. Til make it if I another two days.A. giveB.am givenC.will giveD.will be given()22.Train tickets online. It is convenient.A. soldB. were soldC. are soldD. have sold()23. My advice on how to save paper by my class last Monday.A. acceptsB. acceptedC. was acceptedD. is accepted()24. The weatherman says a rain shower this afternoon in the south.A. expectsB. expectedC. is expectedD. was expected()25. A baby's first birthday is a special event in China and with a special party.A.is celebratedB.is celebratingC.was celebratedD.celebrates()26. We are going to take the high-speed train to Xi'an tomorrow, so an early arrival at the station A.advisesB.is advisedC.is advisingD.was advised()27.Ifs reported that another theatre in September this year.A.completesB.is completedC.will completeD.will be completed()28.-My father works in Taizhou. He spends much time driving home every day.-Don't worry about that. It911 be easier when the expressway.A.buildsB.will buildC.is builtD.will be built()29.-There is too much salt in the Chinese diet.-So there is. WHO says only 1.5 grams of salt for each man every day.A. is neededB.needsC.will needD.has needed()30. Your homework must be this morning, or you can't hand it in on time.A. finishB. finished C. finishes D. finishing