2023年初中英语语法之被动语态相关考点难点分析.docx

2023年初中英语语法之被动语态相关考点难点分析什么是被动语态被动语态是指句子中的主语为谓语动作的承受者。如：He was hit by a car when he was crossing the road.（他过路时被辆汽 车撞了。）这句话的主语he （他）是谓语动作hit （撞）的承受者。 施动者则为car（汽车）。被动语态的格式为：助动词be +过去分词。被动句中动作的承 受者为句子的主语，动作执行者一般可由介词by引出。如： The story was written by John Gilbert,这个故事是约翰吉尔 伯特写的。可用于被动语态的动词1）及物动词* There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured. 边境发生非常 严重列车事故，两人死亡，十二人受伤。* A new library will be built in this small town. 这个小镇将 兴建一个新图书馆。* The glass was broken by the boy.玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了。现在完成时的被动语态（have/has been +过去分词）现在完成时被动语态格式：have/has been +过去分词* Big progress has also been made in cultural and educational fields.文化和教育领域也取得了很大的进展* This novel has been translated into several languages. 这 本小说已被译成了几种语言。* The experiment has been done successfully. 这个实验做得 很成功。* The radio has not been turned on yet. 收音机还没开。* Has a new training centre been set up in our town ? 我 们镇上新的培训中心建好了吗？过去完成时的被动语态（had + been +过去分词）过去完成时被动语态格式：had + been +过去分词* His newly written novel had been translated into English by the end of last month.上个月末,他刚写的小说已被 翻译成了英语。* She told me that she had been dismissed by her boss. 她 告诉我，她的老板已把她解雇了。* She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她 发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。* By last December three ships had been built by them. 至U 去年十二月底他们已建造了三艘船。* They are often scolded by the teacher.他们经常受到老 师的责备。* Many accidents are caused by careless driving.许多 车祸都 因开车不小心造成。2)不及物动词与介词合成的成语动词* The patients are well looked after by the nurses in this hospital.病人在这所医院里被护士们照料得很周到。* The house has been broken into.房子被破门而入。带情态动词的被动语态1) can, could* Computer can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work.电脑可以用来演示细胞工作的方式。* Can the fruit be kept in the fridge for long? 水果在冰 箱里可以长时间保存吗？* It can not be done by Jim.这件事不可能是吉姆干的。* This problem canrt be worked out very easily. 这道试题不 能被轻而易举的算出来。* The thieves could be caught by the police. 盗贼可能会被 警察抓获。2) may, might* The trees may be planted at other times of the year. 这 些树可能会在今年另外找时间种植。* It may have been left in the sun.他们可能已把它放在阳光 下了。* You might be asked to speak at the meeting. 可能会请你在 会上发言。3) must* The light must be turned off before you go to bed. 你睡 觉前必须把灯关了。* What must be done next?下一步该做什么？* The books mustn't be taken out of the reading-room.这些 书不得拿出阅览室.* Must the trees be watered now?这些树必须现在浇水吗？4) should* Teenagers should be allowed to go out with their friends.来应该允许青少年和朋友外出。* Many trees should be planted on the mountains. 应该在山 上种许多树。* Waste paper shouldn1t be thrown here.废纸不应该扔在这里。* Should it be done by Li Ming? 这件事应该是李明干吗？* Those books should have been taken back to the library.你本该把这些书带回图书馆去。5) need* This work neednr t be done at once.这项工作没必要立即做。* She neednft be told about it.这事无需告诉她。6) ought to* The rule ought to be obeyed by all of us.我们应该遵守这 个规则。* As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think ought to be said.作为老师，我们关心的应 该是学生说了什么，而不是我们自认为学生应该说什么。* I ought to be criticized for it.我应该为此受到批评.不定式的被动形式* He needs to be taken care of.他需要人照顾。* I hope to be promoted.我希望能被升职。* Not a sound was to be heard. 听不至U 点声音。* The little child's wish is to be taken to Disneyland. 4孩子的愿望是被领上去迪斯尼乐园。* I am glad to have been given a chance to improve my English.我很高兴能有机会进修英语。* The next thing to be done is to get the students organized in small groups.下一步要做的事是把学生组织在一些小组里。* It is a great honor to be elected a model worker.当选为 模范工人是一件很光荣的事。动名词的被动形式* Tom enjoyed being flattered.汤姆喜欢被吹捧。* He was afraid of being laughed at.他担心备人嘲笑。* Being criticized helped him see things more clearly. 他 受到批评后对一些事情看得比较明白些了。现在分词的被动形式文章来源：句解霸I更新日期：2013-06-23* I saw her being taken to the operating room. 我看见 她被送到手术室。* The building being repaired is our library. 正在维修的刃B座楼是我们的图书馆。* Not being invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.没有被邀请发言，你就应该在会议上保持沉默。一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时被动语态格式：is/are/am +过去分词* The Great Wall is known all over the world. 长城闻名 世界。* Our classroom is cleaned everyday.我们的教室每天都有打 扫。* He is regarded as brilliant by people.人们认为他很有才 华。* Why is Wei Fang often praised by her teacher? 为什么魏 芳经常受到老师的表扬？* What is this flower called?这种花叫什么花？* The boy is asked to tidy up the sitting room. 要求那个男 孩打扫客厅。一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时被动语态格式：was/were +过去分词* This city was liberated in 1948.这个城市 1948 年解放 的。* Some new computers were stolen last night. 些新电脑在 昨晚被盗了。* He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。* A note was passed up to the speaker.有人给讲演者递上来 一张纸条。一般将来时的被动语态一般将来时被动语态格式：will/shall be +过去分词* A new road will be built next year.明年要修一条新马 路。* The meeting won't be held tomorrow.明天不再举行会议。* Will the work be finished at once?Yes, it will.这项工作会立刻被完成吗？ 是的，立刻就完成。* When will these books be published?这些书将在什么时候出版？* We shall be punished if we break the rule. 如果我们违反 规定，我们将要受到惩罚。过去将来时的被动语态过去将来时被动语态格式：would be +过去分词* He said that the books would be given to the students.他说这些书将发给学生。* She said that a new trade center would be built in the centre of the city.她说一个新的贸易中心将在市中心建起来。* The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。* She asked whether their plan would be considered with great care.她问他们的计划会不会得到仔细的考虑。* I didn't expect that I would be given the prize.我未曾 料到我会获奖。现在进行时的被动语态现在进行时被动语态格式：is/are/am + being +过去分词* Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse? 这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗?* Your bicycle is being repaired now.你的自行车正在修理当 中。* A hospital is being built in the centre of the town. 镇 中心正在兴建一家医院。* The project is being carried out.这个计划正在执行中。过去进行时的被动语态（was/were + being +过去分词）过去进行时被动语态格式：was/were + being +过去分词* The feast was being prepared when it began to snow outside.宴会正在准备之中，这时外边下起了雪* He said many activities were being planned for the celebration of the companyr s 60th anniversary. 他说为 2己念公 司成立60周年，许多活动都在筹划中。* This road was being built this time last year.这条路去 年这个时候还在修建。* Was the TV set being fixed this time yesterday. 昨天这 个时候电视机正在被修理吗？* The man was being questioned by the police at that time.那个人当时正在接受经常的盘问。