英语语法-主谓一致.docx

英语语法主谓一致重点主谓一致三原则原则 主语 谓语语法一致原则 单数 单数复数 复数就近一致原则由 or, either. orneither. nornot only . but (also) not. but .等连接与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致由there, here引起的主语不止一个时意义一致原则由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现单数no/each/every/many a+单数名词+and (+no/each/every/many a)+单数名词one/every one/each/either/the number/the variety of+复数名词clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的不可数名词以T结尾的表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称的词表时间、重量、距离、价格、金钱、体积等的复数名词表示一个整体概念由 every- any- some- no-和pne, -thing, "body 等构成的不定代词单个的动名词、动词不定式或主语从句 原则 主语 谓语意义一致原则 由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念 复数people, police, cattle等有生命的集体名词一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词用口 goods, stairs, arms等山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以节结尾的专有名词集体名词 class, family, army, team, club, company, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, committee, government, majority group等强调整体时谓语用单数,指个体成员时谓语用 复数 单复数视情况而定单复数同形的名词,如means, deer, sheep等all, none, some, any 等不定代词half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语,谓语要和 of之后的名词单复数保持一致提示(1)主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with, together with, as well as, along with, besides, like, but, except, including, rather than等，谓语动词的人称和数与主语的人称和数保持一致。The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year. 那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。many a, more than one后加可数名词的单数形式，谓语动词用单数。 More than one student gets involved in the activity.不止一个学生参加 了这个活动。(3)a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数。quantities of后无论是 接复数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。 A quantity of time has been wasted on the project. =Quantities of time have been wasted on the project.大量的时间被浪费在这个项目上。“a number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式，意为“许多”；“the number of+复数 名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式，意为“的数量”。在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词的数和先行词保持一致;但“one of+复数名词”后面 的定语从句的谓语动词用复数，而在“the (only/very) one of+复数名词”后面的定语从句中,谓语动 词却用单数。(6)what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式;但如果从句表示复数含义，则谓语动词用 复数形式。, What he said is far from the truth.他的话与事实相差太远了。, What the school needs are qualified teachers.这个学校需要的是合格的教师。小题微练(单句填空)1 . This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers(carry) special significance. (2020 ,全 国卷H)答案与解析carries这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语“decorating with plants, fruits and flowers"，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。2 .The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and(remain) around that level ever since.(2020 ,天津高考 7 月卷)答案与解析has remained根据句中时间状语ever since “从那以后”可知，该句用现在完成时。 主语为The number of medical schools,the number of表"的数目"，修饰复数名词作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。remain “保持”是不及物动词，无被动语态，故填has remained。3 .While running regularly canHt make you live forever, the review says it(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.(全国卷 I )答案与解析is句意:尽管经常跑步不能使你长生不老，但是报告上说与走路、骑自行车或游泳相 比，跑步对延长寿命更有效。设空处所填词在从句中作谓语，且表一种科学理论，应用一般现在时;主 语it是第三人称单数,故谓语用第三人称单数形式，填iSo- (1)看主语为第一、二人称还是第三人称，确定谓语动 词形式。“四看”定谓语、单复数,- (2)看到主语为动名词短语、t。do不定式或从句，要想 到谓语应为第三人称单数形式。- (3)看到“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语，要想到 谓语的数取决于名词。- (4)看到there be等结构，要想到就近原则。1.Because the number of possible topics(be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. (2020 新高考n卷)答案与解析is the number of "的数目"，后接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用单数。根据 主句的时态可知,从句用一般现在时。故填is。2.Of the nineteen recognised polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.(2019 全国卷 I )答案与解析are句意:在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中，有3个正在减少,6个保持稳定,1个正在增 加，还有9个缺乏足够的数据。分析句子结构可知，本句由多个分句并列组成，其中设空处所在的分 句的主语是six,为复数概念,谓语应用复数，且下文的lack也是提示;本句叙述的是一般事实，应用 一般现在时,故填are。