定语从句语法.docx

定语从句学案（另附50道定语从句单句语法填空题）一、 定语从句的定义定语：用来修饰名词代词的形容词等。主要是形容词。从句：从句是相对于主句而言的。从句一定有连接词引导。I was late for class, because my clock didn't go off.定语从句：用来修饰一个名词或者代词的句子叫做定语从句。也叫形容词性从句。PS:定语从句可以翻译出一个“的”字。二、定语从句的结构主句：含有被修饰的名词丽百 引导词+修饰名词的句子This is a bookthat I bought online.主句中被修饰的名词叫做先行词，连接主句和从句的连词叫做关系词。三、定语从句的功能定语从句用来修饰限定一个名词或者代词。主要是限定所指人或事物的范围。强调哪个（种） 人，哪个（种）物。I have a book.我有一本书（泛指）I have a book （ that I bought online ） .我有一本网上买的书。（指明这本书是网上买的，而 不是其他地方来的。言外之意他还有一些其他地方来的书。）四、定语从句的分类和区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句有建号隔开是指明哪个（相）人， 怦个（种）物.除后句意受射响没有遑号隔开没有指明*个（钟）人.W个（种）物.只是，卜克说明.刷除后句意不受射响He has a sister who is a doctor.他有一个当医生的姐姐。（不止一个姐姐）He has a sister, who is a doctor.他有一个姐姐是一名医生。（只有一个姐姐）五、关系词的分类根据关系词在从句中是否充当基本成分可将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。六、关系词的使用规则1 .先行词为物，只能使用that不能使用which的情况(1) 当先行词为不定代词:all, both, neither, none, either, any, everything, nothing, something, anything, much, many, few, a few, little, a little.(2)当先行词被 all, both, some, no, every, any, each, much 等修饰时；(3)当先行词被序数词、最高级修饰；(4)当先行词被 the only, the very, the last, the same 修饰；(5)当先行词即有人又有物时。下列分别属于哪一条规则：> I have taken down everything that the teacher said.> I have taken down all that is important.> All the books that you bought are interesting.> This is the best book that I have read.> Shopping is the only thing that I want to do.> We often talk about the people and things that we remember.2 .先行词为物，只能用which不能用that的情况只能用which的情况：介词后面，逗号后面。(1)介词后面，指物的关系代词只能用which；The house in which we live is far from school.The painting fbr which he paid $ 1,000 was once owned by a businessman.(2)逗号后面，指物的关系代词只能用which。I live in Kunming, which is the capital of Yunnan province.The big red dog, which was very old now, became ill and died.(3)上下文出现that,避免重复使用which。练一练> 1. Do you have anything you want to say for yourself ?> 2. The sports meeting was put off, astonished me.> 3. All the presents your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.> 4. This is the best film Pve ever seen.> 5. This is the very bus Pm waiting fbr.> 6. It looks like the same book you bought in the bookstore.> 7. He is always the first man comes to classroom.> 8. The building in she lived was demolished.> 9. We depend on the land from we can get our food.> 10. We depend on the land we can get our food from.> 11. She won the first prize,was more than we expected.> 12. The filmwe saw last night was very interesting.> 13. The film,was showed last night, was very moving.> 14. His father passed away yesterday,came as a sudden shock.3 .只能使用who不能使用that的情况(1)当先行词为人称代词：he, she, they, one(s), anyone, nobody 等.He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.(2)当先行词为指示代词时:those, these;Those who are easily content are always happy.God help those who help themselves.(3)当先行词为people或是表示人的集体名词时；People who work hard are always fortunate.(4)非限制性定语从句中He has a sister, who is a teacher.练一练> 1. Do you know anyone can solve this problem?> 2.1 admire those are honest, brave, diligent.> 3. They are audience are invited to watch this play.> 4. He is the best man Pve ever known.> 5. He is always the last one leaves the dormitory.> 6. She is always the last one goes back to the dormitory.4 .关系代词的省略问题非限制性定语从句中一定要有关系代词，不可省略。关系代词做主语两种从句均不能省略。 限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词都可以省略，非限制性定语从句中不能省。I like the book, which you give me.（非限制定从作宾语，不能省 which）I like the book （that/which） you give me.（限制定从作宾语，可省 that/which）5 .非限制性定语从句中，代人作主语只能用who,作宾语用who（m）均可，但是whom更为正 式，很少用于口语。代物只能用which作主语或宾语，不能用that,指的是某样东西，或者 前面提到的一整件事。I like teachers, who are humorous.（代人做主语，不能用 that）I like teachers, who（m） I can ask fbr help.（代人作宾语，who, whom 均可）I like this book, which you give me.（代物作宾语，指的是书）He made mistakes again, which made the head teacher angry.（代物做主语，指一整件事）6 .如果先行词和从句的主语有所属关系要用whose,可用在限制性也可用在非限制性定语从句 中。whose 也可以放在介词后面：in whose car; from whose bookoI like the room whose window foces east.（房间的窗子）I went to help him, whose money gotlost.（他的钱）I visited my uncle, in whose house I spent the summer vacation.7 .非限制性定语从句中，如果从句主语和先行词存在整体与部分关系时，我们要用（all, both,each, many, most, neither, none, part, some,基数词，序数词，最高级）+of which/whom0They are my students, three of whom are from Beijing.I have ten books, all of which are interesting.8 .介词后面的关系词只有which（代物）和whom（代人），不能用that或者who。He is my friend with whom I share my happiness.This is a reference book without which I couldn't pass the exam.> 练一练> 1.1 don't think that he will come to see me, makes me sad.> 2. This is the scientist achievements are well known.> 3. He is a famous star, in garden lies a swimming pool.> 4. He lived in a big house, in front of stood a big tall tree.> 5. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person, to she could turn fbr help.9 .什么时候用关系副词？当先行词在从句中不作基本成分（主、宾、表），而且先行词表示时间地点和原因，在从句中 作状语。翻译分别为：when（在那个时候）、where（在那个地方）、why（因为这样）。why的先 行词一定是 reason oCircle the two clubs where these two conversations happened. （Pl2）I went to my uncle's house, where I spent my vacation.No one in modem times knew about the tomb until 1974, when some farmers discovered the tomb. （P30）There was a time when the two brothers walked to school.My clock didn't go off. This is the reason why I was late fbr class.10 .注意：当有的先行词表示一种抽象的地点且在从句中做地点状语，不作基本成分时，要用 whereo该类词有：point, case, activity, system, situation, position, stage, occasion, job, race, letter, platform, email, environment, atmosphere 等。I joined a lot of activities where I learnt a lot.He gave up his first job where he suffered a lot.练一练> 1.1 still remember the day I first came to Beijing.> 2.1 still remember the days we spent together.> 3. Can you tell me the office he works?> 4. They have reached the point they have to separate.> 5. Do you know the reason he is absent?> 6. He's ill badly. This is he is absent.> 7. He is late fbr school again. This is his alarm clock didn't go off.11 .as引导限制性定语从句主要结构有：the same.as; asas; suchas; soas。I have the same pen as you have.I live as busy a life as you do.I live such a busy life as you do.12 .as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，从句可置于句首，句中或句尾。译为“正如”。as is known to all众所周知as is often the case这是常有的事as might / could be expected正如人们所预料的as has been said before正如前面所说的as has been mentioned above正如上面所提到的as has been pointed out正如所指出的as can be imagined正如所设想的那样as can be seen (from these figures)正如所看到的那样as often happens正像经常发生的那样as will be shown正如所示As everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history.练一练> 1. We have found such materials used in their factory.> 2. This book is not such I expected.> 3.1 have the same book he has.> 4. It looks like the same book he gave me.> 5.1 hope you will live as full and positive a life I do.> 6. you see, the Chinese people are hardworking.> 7. Jack has on first price, is often the case.13.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别位置不同as引导的非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以位于主句前面，中间或后 面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，而which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放 在主句之后。意义不同意义不同（as “正如，就像”表示符合人们的认识和事物的习惯性等意义， 即从句与主句语义一致。当从句与主句语义不一致时或从句与主句之间是因 果关系时用which）o结构不同结构不同（as常用于一些固定结构中，类似插入语，而which常用于which +谓语+宾语/宾补结构。定语从句语法填空专项练习附参考答案I.请用定语从句的关系代词who、whom、whose、which、that、as和关系副词 when> where> why 填空。1. This is the person we were talking to yesterday.2. This is the person to we were talking yesterday.3. There are lots of people in the room, two thirds of are students.4. He passed the math exam,came as a surprise to us.5. Who is the guy is standing over there?6. He approached the old lady,remained silent for quite a long time.7. The people were trapped under the ruins were finally helped out by the rescue workers.8. As the earth began to shake, a few people were awake dived under a table or otherheavy piece of furniture.9. The book I read just now was written by O. Henry.10. The earthquake happened at 2:28 P.M. flattened Wenchuan in a few seconds.11. He won the first prize in the contest,made her parents very happy.12. For those came to the earthquake-stricken areas, rescue work was a big challenge.13. The little girl and the big red dog you saw in the painting were very cute.14. He was the only person was invited to the party.15. This is one of the best films I have seen in the past few months.16. The engineer with my father used to work passed away yesterday.17. I had no interest in all he said last night.18. There is nothing in the world you cannot face or overcome.19. The e-mail is from my brother,is working in Shenzhen.20. They talked a lot about the people and the things they remembered in the distantvillage.21. I still remember the days we spent together on the coast.22. I still remember the days we had to walk a long way to fetch some drinking water.23. This is the factory we visited last year.24. This is the factory he used to work for ten years.25. The old school he studied for three years was demolished last month.26. The old school we paid a visit to last year was demolished last month.27. The old school,we visited last year, was demolished last month.28. Please lend me the book you referred to the other day.29. Please lend me the book the title of is the Old Man and the Sea.30. Please lend me the book title is the Old Man and the Sea.31. They arrived at the China Mobile Tower, in front of is a wind mill.32. This is the reason he was absent from school yesterday.33. This is the reason he explained at the meeting.34. The reason she came late was that she was stuck in the traffic.35. The reason she gave you yesterday is acceptable.36. The third season of a year is autumn,is my beloved season.37. The third season of a year is autumn,the leaves begin to fall.38. Anyway, that evening,I will tell you more about later, I ended up staying at the hotel.39. Summer holidays,they plan to spend in Yunnan, are around the comer.40. Gone are the days they had to work day and night to earn their living.41. we all know, Taiwan is an inseparable part of China.42. is often the case, he scored the first place in the high jump.43. She is not such a girl she used to be.44. I studied in the same school she did in the countryside.45. The earth is moving around the Sun,we all know.46. I want to have such a smart phone he has.47. This is the same pen I bought yesterday, but it is Mary's.48. This is the same pen I bought yesterday and it is mine.49. I caught sight of the house roof was blown away by the typhoon last night.50. He is an orphan,parents both died in the terrible earthquake.参考答案:1. who/whom/that2. whom3. whom4. which5. that6. who7. who/that8. who/that9. that/which10. that/which11. which12. who13. that14. that/who15. that16. whom17. that18. that19. who20. that21. which/that22. when23. which/that 24. where25. where26. which/that27. which28. that/which 29. which30. whose31. which32. why33. that/which 34. why35. which/that36. which37. when38. which39. which40. when41. As42. As43. as44. as45. as46. as47. as48. that49. whose50. whose