中考英语语法考点纵览考点3形容词和副词.docx

中考美将得fi考点仪嵬3形容铜和副祠形容河F副河耀黄，1、形容词定义：形容词(adjective),简称adj,用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。2、副词定义： 副词(adverb),简称adv,用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示时间、频率、范围、语气、程 度等。二、形容词、副词考点纵览考点一：形容词的功能及位置考点1:形容词作定语。形容词作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。He lives in a beautiful house.他住在一座漂亮的房子里。There is nothing important in today's news.今天报纸上没有什么重要内容。典型例题1It is a kind of(health) food.答案：healthy (health的形容词是healthy,这里用形容词修饰名词food。)典型例题2Do you knowin this field?A. anybody famousB. famous anybodyC. somebody famousD. famous somebody答案：A (一般疑问句用anybody,而且形容词修饰复合不定代词时，要后置。) 典型例题3We all like Julia, because she is agirl.A. alike B. lovely C. awake D. well答案：B (a lovely girl表示“一个得意的女孩")考点2：形容词作表语。“最之一用"one of the最高级+可数名词复数构造。She is one of the most popular teachers in our school.她是我们学校最受欢送的教师之一。形容词最高级前面加序数词，表示“第几最。She is the second tallest girl in our class.她是我班上第二高的女孩。典型例题1He is taller than any other boy in our class. （|nj 义句转换）答案：He is the tallest boy in our class.典型例题2Which is , Ann, Susie or Tina?A. the shorter B. the shortest C. the most shortest D. short答案：B （三者之间进展对比，用最高级）典型例题3She is one of in our class.A. a good student B. the best student C. best students D. （he best students答案：D （"one of the最高级+可数名词复数表示“最之一）三、稳固训练（2012常州市）I. Tom, what do you think of the school?-Oh. no other school isin the city. Itrsone.A. better; a betterB. the best; the bestC. better; the bestD. the best; a better（2016常州市）2.Do you enjoy yourself at the concert?Yes. I have never been to one before.A. a better B. the best C. a worse D. the worse（2016常州市）3.The coach thinks of Mary's sports talents, for she jumped very at the sports meeting.A. high;high B. highly;highly C. high;highly D. highly;high（2014淮安市）4. Mum likes making pictures and the pies she cooks always taste.A. good B. well C. bad D. badly（2015连云港市）5. -The Internet service fees are too high, and the speed is too slow.-Thal's why Premier Li Keqiang asks operators（运营商）to providelnternet.A. many cheaper and quickerB. very cheaper and quickerC. more cheaper and quickerD. much cheaper and quicker（2014南京市）6.Do you enjoy Han Lei's songs?Yes. He is the winner of I'm Singer II. I can't think of anyone with a voice.A. better B. bestC. moreD. most（2012南通市）7. Bob often says that swimming is than hiking in reducing weight, but he always spends more time on swimming.A. less usefulB. less interestingC. more usefulD. more interesting（2015南通市）8.I hear it's not easy to get a ticket for Fast & Furious 7.Exactly.The film is the one this year.A.less excitingB.more exciting C.most exciting D.least exciting（2016南通市）9.-What about yesterday's dragon dance? Oh,it's one I've ever seen.A.a most wonderful B.more wonderful C.lhe most wonderful D.a more wonderful（2011 苏州市）10. If you don't work enough, I don't think your dream will come.A. hardly; truly B. hardly; true C. hard; true D. hard; truly（2012苏州市）11.1 had to call a taxi because the box was than I'd expected.A. heavyB. heavierC. the heavierD. the heaviest（2013苏州市）12艮的 speaks Chinese well indeed,but of Course not a local speaker in China.A.so fluently asB.more fluent thanC.as fluent asD.much fluently than（2014苏州市）13.The picture is, I have to say, not a bit beautiful.-Why? It's than the pictures I have ever seen.A. far more beautifulB.much less beautifulC. no more beautifulD.any less beautiful（2016苏州市）14. Playing video games is a waste of time .-I can't agree more . There are meaningful things to do .A. （he most B. the leastC. moreD. less（2013无锡市）15.What do you think of his new design?Ifs of even practical value than the old one. He's just a bookworm!A. greaterB. greatC. lessD. little（2015无锡市）16.-The stuntman is planning to walk on the wings of a flying plane.What? I've never heard of idea before.A. a crazierB. the crazierC. a craziestD. the craziest（2011 宿迁市）17. Paul isn't as as Sandy. He often makes mistakes in his homework.A. carelessB. more careful C. more careless D. careful（2012宿迁市）18. The meat smells. Throw it away.A. wellB. goodC. badlyD. bad（2015宿迁市）19. The model Sydney Opera House looks the real one in Australia.A. as wonderful asB. as wonderfully asC. so wonderful asD. so wonderfully as（2012镇江市）2（）. He speaks French well, but of course not a person born in France.A. as clear as B. clearer than C. as clearly as D. the more clearly答案解析1 .选C。这里表示“在这个城市没有其它学校比这个学校更好的了，它是这个城市最好的城市"。2 .选A。此题表示“我从来没去过比这更好的音乐会了”。3 .选D。第一空Ihink highly of表示"高度评价"，第二空表示“跳的非常高"，highly和high都是副词，前者表 示抽象含义，后者表示具体含义。4 .选A。taste是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，这里表示“尝起来好吃"，所以用good。5 .选D。much cheaper and quicker表示“更廉价、更快捷"，much用来修饰对比级。6 .选Ao这里表示我想不出任何人还有更好嗓音的，7 .选A。此题表示“Bob经常说在减肥方面游泳没有远足有用，但是他总是花更多的时间去游泳工8 .选Co这里表示“这部电影是今年最好看的电影”。9 .选Co此题表示“这是我看过的最好看的舞蹈”。10 .选Co work hard表示“努力工作"，come true表示"实现"o1L选B。这里表示“箱子比我想象的重”，所以用比较级heavier。12 .选A。notsofluentlyas表示'没有中国当地人说的流利，这里需要用副词修饰speak,所以排除B和C选项, D 选项 much fluently than 表达形式不对，应该用 much more fluently©13 .选Ao这里表示',比我看过的图片漂亮的多"，在far more beautiful中，用far来修饰比较级more beautiful o14 .选C。此题表示“有很多更有意义的事情可以做"。15 .选A。这里表示“更有实际价值"，所以用对比级greater。16 .选C。这里表示“我从来没想过比这更疯狂的想法了，所以用acraziei"idea。17 .选D。as.as中间用原级，这里表示“Paul没有Sandy认真"，所以用careful。18 .选D。这里表示“肉闻起来坏了、扔了吧"，所以用bad。19 .选Ao这里的look是系动词，所以后面用形容词wonderful,排除B和D选项，so wonderful as只能用于否认 对比中，所以只能用as wonderdul as。20 .选C。这里表示“没有法国当地人那个清楚。” 形容词作表语，放在系动词（be, feel, look, smell, taste, sound, get, become, keep, turn, seem 等）之后。Everything will be all right. 一切都会好的。After a long walk, I felt tired.走 了很远的一段路后我累了。表语形容词只能做表语或后置定语，这类词多半是以a开头的形容词。alone单独的asleep熟睡的awake醒着的alike相似的afraid害怕的alive活着的She was alone at home.她单独一人在家。I was awake all night.我整个晚上都没合眼。The girl awake is his younger sister.那个醒着的女孩是他的妹妹。典型例题1-What do you think of the cake?一It tastes.A. good B. badly C. well D. terribly答案：A （taste是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，三个选项只有good是形容词）典型例题2Thegirl was smiling. She looked very.A. asleep, happy B. slept, sad C. sleeping, happy D. sleep, angrily答案：C （这里表示“熟睡的女孩正在笑，她看起来非常开心）典型例题3We should keepin （he reading room.A. quite B. quietly C. quiet D. quickly答案：C （keep quiet表示“保持安静”）考点3：形容词作宾语补足语。形容词做宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make, leave, keep, find等动词连用。He keeps the classroom clean every day.他们每天保持教室干净。People usually keep the vegetables fresh in the fridge.人们常把蔬菜放在冰箱里保鲜。典型例题1It is good to leave the door when it is very cold.A. open B. opened C. close D. closed答案：D （close的形容词是closed,这里表示“最好让门处于关着的状态）典型例题2We all love Miss Yang. She always makes her history class very.A. interest B. interests C. interesting D. interested答案：C （interesting表示历史课有趣，与物连用用interesting,与人连用用interested） 典型例题3I found the door when I got home.A. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open答案：D （open的形容词还是open,这里用来作宾语补足语）考点4：形容词的名词化。“the+形容词”具有名词特征，表示,类人或事物。in the old (dead, rich, poor, sick, beautiful, new.)当表示一类人或事物作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The blind are taken good care of in our country.在我们国家盲人受到很好的照顾。当表示抽象概念时，谓语用单数。The beautiful is not always the useful.美丽的并不总是有用的。考点5：形容词的先后顺序。如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，形容词的先后顺序由它们和被修饰的名词 之间的密切程度而定，越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音 节少的形容词放在前面，音节多的形容词放在后面。为方便记忆，可记住一句话：美小圆旧黄, 法国木书房。限 数词性状形容词定冠 闻 指 示 代 词 物 主 代 词序数词基数词描绘 性 形 容 词形 状 大 小 长 短 上 下年 龄新 旧 温 度颜色国籍地区出处材料物质目的用途a( n ) the th is m yfirstseco ndthird0 n e tw 0g OO d ki n d si ck ru de ni celittl e big largeIon g rou ndokl new hot col dre d bl ac kBritishChines eAsian easternstonesilkwritingmedic al典型例题1John Smith, a successful businessman, has acar.A. large German whiteB. large white GermanC. white large GermanD. German large white答案：B (按照“大小+颜色+国际的顺序)典型例题2There arcdinner tables on display in the hall.A. two big roundnew Chinese woodenB. two Chinese big round new woodenC. big round new Chinese two woodenD. big round new two wooden Chinese答案：A （按照“限定词+大小+形状+新老+国际+材料”的顺序）典型例题3Mr. Brown has car.A. a beautiful new AmericanB. a new American beautifulC. a new beautiful AmericanD. an American beautiful new答案：A （按照“限定词+描绘+新旧+国际”的顺序）考点1：副词的分类及位置。考点二：副词的功能及位置表示类别例句时间now, then, before, ago, early, lately, late, yesterday.地点here, there, above, below, down, up, downstairs, upstairs.程度very, much, so, too, quite, fairly, rather.频率always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, seldom, hardly, never.方式fast, quickly, slowly, happily, quietly.评注honestly, maybe, generally.举例for example, such as.疑问when, where, why, how联系therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover, still.位置：1 .般副词做状语时放在谓语动词之后，如谓语动词后带有宾语，放在宾语后。2 .频率副词放在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。3 .某些逻辑连接副词，为了强调上下句衔接，放在句子前。考点三：形容词副词对比级、最高级4,enough修饰形容词和副词时，要放在所修饰词之后。典型例句They are laughing happily.他们在快乐地大笑。She is never late for school.她上学从不迟到。We often go out for a walk after supper.晚饭后我们常常去散步。He got up early enough to catch the bus,他起得足够早，可以赶上公交车。考点1：形容词、副词对比级的变化规则。构成法原级对比级最高级单音节词 +er/estshortshortershortestcoldcoldercoldest以不发音e结尾的词+r/stwidewiderwidestlargelargerlargest单个辅音字 母结尾的重 读闭音节词， 双写末尾辅音字母 +er/estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以辅音字母 +y结尾的 词，变y为 i+er/estheavyheavierheaviestbusybusierbusiest多音节词在 前面 +more/mos(importantmoreimportantmostimportantbeautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful(1)规则变化(2)不规则变化原级对比级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furth erfarthest/furthest典型例题1I wish you do talking and some more work. Actions speak louder than words.A. lessB. muchC. moreD. little答案：A （这里表示“说的少、做的多"，所以用less来修饰talk） 典型例题2There are people in China than in India. That means the population of China is than that of India.A. much; smaller B. more; large C. bigger; more D. more; larger 答案：D （这两空都用对比级more和larger,因为后面都有than） 典型例题3We have sent some books to the children in that village. However, they stillneed （many）.答案：more （根据句意，表示“还需要更多的书”，所以用对比级more）考点2：形容词、副词原级用法。 表示二者在性质和程度上一样时，用“as + adj./adv.原级+ as”构造。He runs as fast as you.他跑的和你一样快。Nothing can be so simple as this.再没有比这更简单的了。 表示"不如"或"不相等"，用"11012§/§0 +砌.4（1丫.原级+ as"或"less + adj./adv.原级+ than"构造。This picture is not so good as that one.这幅画没有那幅画好。He doesn't write as carefully as his sister.他写字不如她妹妹细心。 表示“A是B的倍”时，用"A+is+倍数+ as + adj ./adv.原级+as+B”构造。（一半half； 两倍twice；三倍及以上：基数词+times）。Our school is twice as large as theirs.我们学校是他们学校两倍大。典型例题1He speaks English well indeed, but of course nota native speaker.A. as fluent asB. more lluent thanC. so fluently asD. much fluently than答案：C （这里用not so fluently as表示“没有当地人流利）典型例题2We have plantedastrees as they have.A. two times; muchB. two times; moreC. twice; manyD. twice; more答案：C （twice as many trees as表示“两倍多的树”）考点3：形容词、副词对比级用法。 对比级用于两者进展对比，构造为“Ais对比级thanB"。My bike is more beautiful than hers.我的自行车比她的漂亮。He works harder than before.他工作比以前努力。 表示两者之间选择，用“which/who is对比级，AorB"表示两者之间对比，用“the+对比级”构造。Which is nearer to the sun, (he moon or the earth?哪个离太阳更近，月球还是地球He is the thinner of the two.他是两人中较瘦的那个。“越来越”用"对比级and对比级"构造，多音节和局部双音节词用"more and more原级"。The weather is becoming colder and colder.天气变得越来越冷了。She is becoming more and more beautiful.她变得越来越美了。 表示“越越”时，用"the+对比级，thc+对比级构造。The more careful you are, the more points you will get.你越细心，得分越多。典型例题1Of the two sisters, Betty is one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest答案：C （表示两者中较之一时，对比级前面要用定冠词the）典型例题2Ifs believed that you work,result you'll get.A. the harder; the betterB. （he more hard; the more betterC. the harder; a betterD. more hard; more better答案：A （这里表示“你工作的越努力、结果越好）典型例题3Your story is perfect; I've never heard before.A. the better oneB. the best oneC. a better oneD. a good one答案：C （这里表示“我没有听过比这更好的故事了）考点4：形容词、副词最高级用法。表示三者及以上人或物进展对比时用最高级，构造为“the +最高级+in/of+范围。The picture is the best of all.这幅画是所有画中最好的。She is the most beautiful girl in the class,她是班上最美的女孩。She is my best friend.她是我最好的朋友。 表示在三者及以上之间选择，用“which/who is the最高级，ABorC"。Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill?汤姆、凯特、比尔，谁最高