第01讲 谓语动词【暑假自学课】2023年新高二英语暑假精品课（外研版2019选择必修1）含解析.docx

第01讲 谓语动词-【暑假自学课】2023年新高二英语暑假精品课（外研版2019选择必修1）第01讲 谓语动词1. 复习动词的时态语态的结构和用法。2. 学会正确运用时态语态考点。一、高中常见的几种时态现在过去将来过去将来一般work(s)work(ed)will workwould work进行am/is/are workingwas/were workingwill be working完成have/has donehad donewill have done完成进行have/has been doing二 较难理解的几种时态1.过去将来时 would do ：从过去看，在将来会发生的动作 He said that he would wait for us until we arrived.I thought I would accept his proposal.2.过去进行时 was/were doing ：指过去某个时刻正在进行的动作 What were you doing at 2 oclock yesterday afternoon?When he called me, I was having dinner.3. 将来进行时 will be doing : 指将来某个时刻正在进行的动作 What will you be doing at 10:00 tomorrow?This time next week, Ill be travelling in Beijing.4. 现在完成时： have/has done : 表示动作从过去开始，到现在已完成或一直持续到现在The coronavirus has spread around since 2019.The coronavirus has affected our life in the past few years.Up to now, the scientist has not figured out the best way to beat the virus.5. 过去完成时 had done: 表示在过去某个时刻之前，就已经完成了的动作 By the time I went home, everyone had gone to bed.He had worked in a company before he came here to teach.6. 将来完成时 will have done ：表示在将来的某个时刻之前，将会完成的动作 By next September, I will have stayed in this school for 15 years.By the end of this summer course, you will have learned all the basic knowledge for the new semester.7.现在完成进行时 have/has been doing: 强调动作从过去发生，到现在一直还在进行中 We have been discussing the question all the morning.It has been raining for three hours.三 谓语动词的被动语态被动语态基本结构： Be 动词+ 及物动词的过去分词 (及物动词短语也有被动语态)。Be 动词有人称、数 和时 态的变化1.You are taught English by Ivy every day. (一般现在时被动语态)2.You were taught English by your former teachers halfa year ago (一般过去时被动语态)3. You are being taught English by Ivy now. (现在进行时的被动语态)4. You were being taught English by your former teachers this moment last year. (过去进行时的被动语态)5. You will be taught by your English teacher in the new school. ( 一般将来时被动语态)6. You have been taught English by several teachers up to now. (现在完成时被动语态)7. You had been taught English by some other teachers before you came here. (过去完成时被动语态)考点一：一般现在时： 时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, 考点1： 永恒的真理 date back to考点2： “ 主可将从必现” 时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided/providing (that), so/as long as考点3：suggest, make sure /certain that , see to it that 等宾语从句， 从句用一般现在时 考点4：the + 比较级, the + 比较级 (越就越) 例11. I learned that the earth _ around the sun when I was in primary school.（go)2. If he _ the job, he will get more money soon. (accept)3. So long as he_ hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.(work)4. The harder you_, the better results you will get.(study)5. The parts of a museum open to the public(call) galleries or rooms. 考点二：一般过去时： 时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long, long ago, once upon a time, etc. 例21. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society _63_ (address) the opening ceremony. 2. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, (form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759. 3. And, as more children were born, more food(need). 4. Amy, as well as her brothers, (give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 考点三：一般将来时： 时间状语： tomorrow , next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow, etc考点1： will + v. (原) be going to do 考点2：某些表示“位置移动”的动词：arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。 I _ for Beijing tomorrow (leave).考点3： 祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句Use your head and you _ a way (find).句式变换(1)(Give me )one more hour, and Ill get the work finished. More effort, and you will succeed. 句式变换(2)Given one more hour, Ill get the work finished.例31. _ on the top of the tower and youll enjoy the scenery of the whole city.A. Standing B. Stand C. To stand D. Stood2. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player.A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given考点四：现在完成时（重点）：have/has done; have/has been done 时间状语：in the past/last few years, lately；recently, just，up to now, till now, so far, these days，for+时间段；since+过去时间点例4【针对练习】 (全国课标I) When you are home, give a call to let me know you _ safely.A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive 考点1：It/ This/ That is + 序数词+ time+ that 表示“这是第几次做某事”考点2：It is the only / the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 that 针对练习:填空: 1. It/This is my first time that I _ China. (visit)2. This is the most interesting film I_. (see)3. That is the only book that he _. (write)单项填空: (陕西) This is the first time we _ film in the cinema together as a family.A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen拓展 1：现在完成进行时(have/has been doing) （选必1Unit6）例1【针对练习】 1. Im sure you will do better in the test because you _ so hard this year.A. studied B. had studied C. will study D. have been studying2. Im tired out. I _ all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything.A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping温馨小贴士：1. 多表说话人的态度、感情色彩2. 现在完成时态和现在完成进行时态同时出现常选后者3. 和一般过去时态的区别拓展2：过去完成时（重点）：had done; had been done （选必1Unit5）时间状语：(1) three years before, (2) by+ 过去时间 the end of + 过去时间 the time that.(过去时间) (3) when, before引导的时间状语从句考点一：用于hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than 考点二：It/This/ That was the 序数词+ time + that 考点三： had hoped to do / that 表示未曾实现的愿望、打算和意图。类似动词：expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 等 I had meant to go away but couldnt get rid of the children.拓展：v. + to have done (以上动词适用)I wanted to have seen you off at the airport but I got there too late.例2【针对练习】1) There_ 25 parks in our city up till 2000. (be)2) By the end of last term we _ the book. (finish)3) They finished earlier than we _. (expect)4) I had _ my work when he came to see me. (finish)5) I had no sooner got into the room than it _ to snow.(begin)6) No sooner_ I _home than the telephone rang. (arrive) （注意主谓倒装） 7) That was the second time that she _her grandfather. (see)8) It _ 3 years since we parted. ( be)9) I _ that I could do the job. ( hope)10) I _ to see you but I was too busy. (intend)拓展 1：现在完成进行时(have/has been doing) （选必1Unit6）例1【针对练习】 1. Im sure you will do better in the test because you _ so hard this year.A. studied B. had studied C. will study D. have been studying2. Im tired out. I _ all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything.A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping温馨小贴士：1. 多表说话人的态度、感情色彩2. 现在完成时态和现在完成进行时态同时出现常选后者3. 和一般过去时态的区别拓展2：过去完成时（重点）：had done; had been done （选必1Unit5）时间状语：(1) three years before, (2) by+ 过去时间 the end of + 过去时间 the time that.(过去时间) (3) when, before引导的时间状语从句考点一：用于hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than 考点二：It/This/ That was the 序数词+ time + that 考点三： had hoped to do / that 表示未曾实现的愿望、打算和意图。类似动词：expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 等 I had meant to go away but couldnt get rid of the children.拓展：v. + to have done (以上动词适用)I wanted to have seen you off at the airport but I got there too late.例2【针对练习】11) There_ 25 parks in our city up till 2000. (be)12) By the end of last term we _ the book. (finish)13) They finished earlier than we _. (expect)14) I had _ my work when he came to see me. (finish)15) I had no sooner got into the room than it _ to snow.(begin)16) No sooner_ I _home than the telephone rang. (arrive) （注意主谓倒装） 17) That was the second time that she _her grandfather. (see)18) It _ 3 years since we parted. ( be)19) I _ that I could do the job. ( hope)20) I _ to see you but I was too busy. (intend)考点五：被动语态考查要点 英语的语态有两种，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表主语是动作的承受者。此主要讲被动语态。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子中主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作的对象。一般说来，只有及物动词（短语）才有被动语态。汉语常用“被”“受”“给”“遭”“挨”等词来表被动意义。动作执行者一般由介词by引出。被动语态结构为:“助动词be+过去分词+ by +动作执行者+ with +工具”。被动语态的时态是通过be动词变化的。 构成 ：be/get + 过去分词 一般完成进行现在am/is/are donehave/has been doneam/is/are being done过去was/were donehad been donewas/were being done将来shall/will be doneshall/will have been done过去将来should/would be doneshould/would have been done考点1）主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。感官动词：使役动词：The boss made him work all day long. _. 考点2）It is said /reported/ known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that “据说/报道; 人们说”= Sb is said/reported/ to do/ to be doing/ to be done考点3）不能用被动语态的几种情况。 所有的不及物动词（词组） 如：happen, take place, break out等。 表示归属的动词 如：have、own、belong to等。考点4） 主动形式表被动意义 feel、look、smell、taste、sound作系动词用时；open、lock、read、sell、write，wash等表示某物本身所具备的某种特性时。 This kind of cloth washes easily. These novels wont sell well. My pen writes smoothly. want, require, need“需要”+ v-ing表示被动 be(well) worth doing 在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。 This kind of water isnt fit to drink. The girl isnt easy to get along with.另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租） 考点5）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。 be seated坐着 He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.） be lost迷路 be drunk喝醉 be dressed穿着 The girl was dressed in a red short skirt. 例5【针对练习】（1)Microfibers(微纤维) of jeans (discover) in water samples in the past 6 months.  （2）These combined letters, which could represent those sounds and could (write) down, are defined as words. （3）The project (make)up of a 22.9-kilometre-long main bridge, a 5.6-kilometre-long tunnel and an artificial island off the bridge. （4）Restaurants in the US are places where people (serve) with cold water, which doesnt hurt anyone if it is spilled accidentally. （5）It(damage) partly by natural forces like earthquakes, but the greatest damage of all has been caused by man.  题组一动词时态1. (2022年新高考全国卷)Henry _42_ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly _43_ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 2.(2022年全国甲卷)In the last five years. Cao _67_ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africas highest mountain. 3.(2022年全国乙卷)The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society _63_ (address) the opening ceremony. 4.(2020新高考,38)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _(form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759. 5.(2020课标全国, 61)The unmanned Change-4 probe (探测器)the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 6.(2020课标全国, 66)As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and(point) down the river. 7.(2020浙江,61)By about 6000 BC, people(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. 8.(2020浙江,65)New methods(mean) that fewer people worked in farming. 9.(2020江苏,26)Instead of getting down to a new task as I(expect), he examined the previous work again.  10.(2020天津,2)You are a great swimmer. Thanks. Its because I(practise) a lot these days.  11. (2020天津,9)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and_(remain) around that level ever since.  题组二被动语态1.(2022年新高考全国卷)After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP _60_ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.2.(2020新高考,40)The parts of a museum open to the public(call) galleries or rooms. 3.(2020课标全国, 67)“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon (construct).” 4.(2020浙江,59)And, as more children were born, more food(need). 5.(2020天津,8)Amy, as well as her brothers, (give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. B组提升题组语法填空The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest 1.(admire) by even the most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, people 2.(impress) with the adobe dwellings because of their ability to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment. Walls that 3.(make) of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the heat 4.(give) out already and walls are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle 5.(go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消)for the outside temperatures. As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 一、语法填空Ocean pollution 1. (be) serious. It can kill ocean creatures and even harm humans. Its vital to focus on this issue and find ways to prevent pollution in our waters.  Pollution in the oceans severely 2.(harm) sea creatures. For example, ocean animals often mistake pieces of plastic for food. As 3. result, their bellies 4.(fill) with plastic from bottles, containers and beach toys. This can be deadly to the animals. Ocean pollution 5.(cause)risks to humans, too. Polluted water can result 6.disease among swimmers. Also, people eat fish which might 7.(poison) with harmful chemicals from oil leaks and rubbish in sea water.  Some people may argue that ocean pollution is not serious, believing that the oceans are so vast that they can absorb all kinds of pollution. However, the many examples of ocean creatures 8.(kill) by pollution prove them wrong. In 9.(conclude), its clear that ocean pollution is a 10.(challenge)problem. We need to learn mor