大学英语4期末考试重点.pdf

Directions:Read the following passages carefully and choosethe best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the same passage or dialog.A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes,as a rule,tohave it retold in identically the same words,but this should not leadparents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred（上帝的）texts.It isalways much better to tell a story than read it out of a book,and,if aparent can produce what,in the actual circumstances of the timeand the individual child,is an improvement on the printed text,somuch the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child byfrightening him or arousing his sadistic（施虐狂的）impulses.Toprove the latter,one would have to show in a controlled experimentthat children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty ofcruelty than those who had not.As to fear,I think,we also needwell-documented cases of children being dangerously terrified（恐惧）by some fairy story.Often,however,this arises from the childhaving heard the story once.Familiarity with the story by repetitionturns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced andmastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the groundsthat they are not objectively true,that giants,witches（女巫），two-headed dragons,magic carpets（魔毯），etc.,do not exist;andthat,instead of indulging（沉溺）his fantasies in fairy tales,the childshould be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history andmechanics.I find such people,I must confess,so unsympatheticand peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them.If their casewere sound,the world should be full of mad men attempting to flyfrom New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick（女巫乘骑的扫帚柄）or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was theirenchanted（中魔法的）girl-friend.No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external worldand no sane（精神健全的）child has ever believed that it was.孩子旦被满意喜欢故事，作为一个规则，在相同讲同样的话，但这应该不让父母把打印出来的童话故事当作神圣（上帝的）文本。总是更好的告诉比读一本书，一个故事,如果父母能生产什么，在实际情况下的时间和个人的孩子，是一个改善印刷文本,那就更好了。电荷对童话故事是他们伤害孩子的可怕或唤起他的暴虐（施虐狂的）冲动。证明后者，人会显示在控制实验中,孩子们读过童话故事往往比那些没有的残忍。恐惧，我认为,我们还需要证据确凿的情况下孩子的危险的恐惧（恐惧）一些童话故事。通常，然而，这起因于孩子在听到这个故事。熟悉的故事重复把恐惧的痛苦变成快乐的恐惧面对和掌握。还有人反对童话故事，因为它们不是客观事实，巨人，巫师（女）巫，双头龙、魔术地毯（魔毯），等等，不存在的;，而不是纵容（沉溺）他的幻想在童话故事，孩子们应该学会如何适应现实通过研究历史和力学。我发现这样的人，我必须承认，所以冷漠和特有的，我不知道如何与他们争论。如果他们是声音，世界应该充满狂人试图从纽约飞到费城在扫帚柄（女巫乘骑的扫帚柄）或覆盖一个电话吻相信这是他们魔法（中魔法的）的女朋友。没有童话故事声称是外部世界的描述，没有理智的（精神健全的）孩子曾经认为它是。1.The author considers that a fairy story is more effective whenit is _C.A.repeated without variationB.treated with respectC.adapted by the parentD.set in the present2.Some people dislike fairy stories because they feel that they_D_.A.tempt people to be cruel to childrenB.show the primitive cruelty in childrenC.lend themselves to undesirable experiments with childrenD.increase a tendency to have sadistic impulses in children3.According to the passage great fear can be stimulated in achild when the story is B.A.set in realityB.heard for the first timeC.repeated too oftenD.dramatically told4.The authors mention of broomsticks and telephones is meantto suggest that _ B.A.fairy stories are still being made upB.there is confusion about different kinds of truthC.people try to modernize old fairy storiesD.there is more concern for childrens fears nowadays5.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to thepassage?CA.Fairy stories are anything but beneficial to the growth ofchildren.B.Fairy stories teach children the way to adapt to the society.C.No fairy story should be taken as the true description of thereality.D.No fairy story should be told to the children withoutmodification.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the same passage or dialog.Standing alone at the Browns party,Anna Mackintosh thoughtabout her husband Edward,establishing him clearly in her mindseye.He was a thin man,forty-one years of age,with fair hair thatwas often untidy.In the seventeen years theyd been married hehad changed very little;he was still nervous with other people,andsmiled in the same embarrassed way,and his face was still almostboyish.She believed she had failed him because he had wished forchildren and she had not been able to supply any.She had,overthe years,become neurotic（神经机能病的）about this fact and inthe end,quite some time ago now,she had consulted a psychiatrist（精神病学家）,Dr.Abbat,at Edwards pleading（恳求）.In the Browns rich drawing room,its walls and ceiling gleaming（发微光）with a metallic（金属般的）surface of imitation gold,Annalistened to dance music coming from a tape recorder and continuedto think about her husband.In a moment he would be at the party,since they had agreed tomeet there,although by now it was three-quarters of an hour laterthan the time he had promised.The Browns were people he knew in a business way,and he hadsaid he thought it wise that he and Anna should attend thisgathering of theirs.She had never met them before,which made itmore difficult for her,having to wait about,not knowing a soul in theroom.When she thought about it she felt hard done by,for althoughEdward was kind to her and always had been,it was far fromconsiderate to be as late as this.Because of her nervous conditionshe felt afraid and had developed a sickness in her stomach.Shelooked at her watch and sighed.独自站在布朗的政党，安娜麦金托什想她的丈夫爱德华，建立他显然在她的脑海。他是一个瘦的人,41岁，金发，经常是不整洁。在十七年他们结婚他改变了一点点,他仍然很紧张，与他人相同的尴尬地 笑 笑,他的脸几乎还是孩子气的。她认为她没有他，因为他想要孩子,她无法提供。她，多年来,变得神经质（神经机能病的）这一事实，最后，很长一段时间前，现在，她已经咨询了一位心理医生（精神病学家）,Abbat博士，在爱德华的请求（恳求）。布朗的丰富的客厅，它的墙壁和天花板闪闪发光的（发微光）与金属（金属般的）表面仿金,安娜听舞曲来自一个录音机，继续思考她的丈夫。过一会儿他会在晚会上，因为他们已经同意见面，虽然现在是四分之三的比他承诺的时间晚一个小时。布朗一家人他知道业务的方式，和他说,他认为它明智，他和安娜他们的应该参加这个聚会。她以前从未见过他们，这为她做的更加困难，不得不等待，不知道房间里的一个灵魂。当她想到她觉得很难通过,尽管爱德华对她很好，总是被它远非体贴到这一点。因为她的紧张状况她感到害怕,她的肚子已经开发了一种病。她看着她的手表，叹了 口气。6.Why did Anna feel awkward at the party?DA.She came to the party too early.B.She was neglected by the host.C.She felt uncomfortable with the atmosphere of the party.D.She didnt know anyone there.7.What made Anna feel inadequate?BA.She did not make a good mother to her children.B.She was unable to satisfy her husbands desire to havechildren.C.She did not get along well with her husband.D.She was unable to have a better understanding of herhusband.8.As time went by,Anna started to get angry as B_.A.she found the Browns were much wealthier than they wereB.her husband was usually more thoughtfulC.she noticed that no one was willing to talk to herD.her husband was bad-mannered in the party9.According to the passage,Edward wanted Anna to attend theparty because C.A.he wanted her to have more of a social lifeB.he tried to distract her from some unpleasant thoughtsC.he needed her supportD.he thought she would impress the Browns10.What kind of woman Anna was according to the passage?AA.Sensitive and worried.B.Open and talkative.C.Imaginative and cheerful.D.Sensible and easygoing.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the same passage or dialog.In the primary school,a child is in a comparatively simple settingand most of the time forms a relationship with one familiar teacher.On entering secondary school,a new world opens up andfrequently it is a much more difficult world.The pupil soon learns tobe less free in the way he speaks to teachers and even to his fellowpupils.He begins to lose gradually the free and easy ways of theprimary school,for he senses the need for a more cautiousapproach in the secondary school where there are older pupils.Secondary staff and pupils suffer from the pressures of academicwork and seem to have less time to stop and talk.Teachers withspecialist roles may see hundreds of children in a week,and a pupilmay be able to form relationships with very few of the staff.He hasto decide which adults are approachable;good schools will makeclear to every young person from the first year what guidance andpersonal help is available-but whether the reality of life in theinstitution actually encourages requests for help is another matter.Adults often forget what a confusing picture school can offer to achild.He sees a great deal of movement,a great number ofpeopleoften rather frightening-looking people-and realizes thatan increasing number of choices and decisions have to be made.As he progresses through the school the confusion may becomeless but the choices and decisions required will increase.Theschool will rightly expect the pupil to take the first steps to obtainthe help he needs,for this is the pattern of adult life for which hehas to be prepared,but all the time the opportunities for personaland group advice must be presented in a way which makes themeasy to understand and within easy reach of pupils.在小学，孩子在一个相对简单的设置和大部分的时间形式的关系与一个熟悉的老师。在进入中学，一个新的世界打开了,经常是一个困难得多的世界。学生很快就学会了更少的自由在他讲教师，甚至是他的学生。他开始逐渐失去自由和轻松的方式小学，因为他感觉需要一个更为谨慎的方法在中学有年纪大的学生。二次员工和学生遭受压力的学术工作和似乎更少的时间停下来说话。教师和专家的角色可能看到数百名孩子在一个星期，和学生能形成与很少的员工的关系。他必须决定哪些成年人是平易近人;良好的学校将明确每个年轻人的第一年是什么指导和个人帮助但是现实生活的机构是否鼓励请求帮助是另一回事。成年人经常忘记一个令人迷惑的学校可以提供一个孩子。他看到了大量的运动,许多人经常而frightening-looking人意识到越来越多的选择和决定就可以J。当他在学校可能会变得不那么混乱，但选择和决定需要将会增加。这所学校将正确地预计学生迈出第一步获得他所需要的帮助，因为这是成年生活的模式，他已经做好准备,但是所有的时间的机会个人和组的建议必须在某种程度上这使他们容易理解和触手可及的学生。11.According to the passage one of the problems for pupilsentering secondary schools is that AA.they are taught by many different teachersB.they do not attend lessons in every subjectC.the teachers are not so friendly and helpfulD.the teachers give most attention to a few pupils12.In secondary schools every pupil having problems shouldA_.A.know how to ask for helpB.go to ask any teacher he can findC.discuss his problem in classD.turn to his parents for help13.It can be inferred from the passage that the author is mainlyconcerned about D.A.academic standardsB.the role of specialist teachersC.the training of the individual teachersD.the personal development of pupils14.Which of the following statements is TRUE?BA.All the secondary schools know the way to encouragestudents requests for help.B.The secondary schools are responsible for offeringpersonal and group advice to new pupils.C.Secondary school pupils enjoy greater freedom incommunicating with teachers and fellow pupils.D.Secondary school pupils can easily get the help they need.15.The most appropriate title for the passage is_ C.A.Primary School and Secondary SchoolB.Problems for New Secondary School TeachersC.Problems for New Secondary School PupilsD.Academic Work and Personal RelationshipQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the same passage or dialog.The US military has blocked public access to nearly all its web sitesafter its servers were attacked by a new computer virus.Late last week,the US Space Command,which provides securityfor military computers,instructed all military organizations to blockpublic access after a number of sites had contracted the virus,called the Code Red bug,according to an official.The virus is known as a denial of service bug,because itreplicates（自我复制）itself by reading the data files on a networkserver and sending copies to other serversthereby multiplyingand sometimes crashing a systemand denying access tolegitimate（合法的）users of the site.The Code Red worm did in fact show up in some DoD（Department of Defense）web sites and were working to containthat,Command Spokesman Army Maj.Barry Venable said.Wayswere going about that include blocking public access to the Websites,because thats the way this worm works,to prevent it fromusing our networks to propagate（繁殖）itself.The virus exploits a security flaw（缺陷）in certain Microsoft networkservers.The flaw was announced last month when a patch wasreleased to fix it.To protect our DoD web sites from being compromised,DoDorganizations have been told to review the status of the Internetinformation servers.to make sure that all the patches that werepreviously installed had been installed,says Venable.Only a handful of the major Defense Department sites,with thesuffix.mil,appear currently accessible to the public,including thecentral public affairs site DefenseLink and the military servicesmain homepages.Public access is blocked to informationconnected to those sites,and others such as the National MissileDefense site and the US Air Forces European site.RegisteredDepartment of Defense personnel continue to have access to thesites,Venable said.美国军方已阻止公共访问几乎所有其网站服务器后被一种新的电脑病毒攻击。上周晚些时候，美国太空司令部，它提供了安全的军事电脑，指示所有军事组织块公共访问一些网站感染病毒后,被称为“红色代码”错误,根据官方的。病毒被称为“拒绝服务”错误，因为它复制（自我复制）本身通过阅读一个网络服务器上的数据文件,并将副本发送给其他servers-thereby繁殖,有时崩溃系统拒绝访问合法（合法的）用户的网站。“红色代码蠕虫实际上出现在一些国防部（国防部）网站，我们正在努力包含 司令部发言人Barry Venable陆军少校说。”方式我们会对包括阻塞公共访问的网站，因为这种蠕虫的工作方式，防止使用我们的网络传播（繁殖）本身。”病毒利用安全漏洞（缺陷）在某些微软网络服务器。缺陷宣布上个月发布了一个补丁来修复它。“保护我们的国防部网站被攻陷，国防部组织已被告知审查互联网信息服务器的状态确保所有以前安装的补丁已经安装,Venable 说。只有少数主要的国防部网站的后缀“mil,“目前对公众开放,包括中央公共事务网站网站和军事服务的主要主页。封锁信息连接到公共访问这些网站,和其他如国家导弹防御网站和美国空军的欧洲的网站。注册国防部人员继续访问网站,Venable说。16.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?DA.The Code Red Worm.B.DoD Blocks Public Web Site Access.C.DoD Was Attacked.D.Protect DoD Web Sites Against Viruses.17.The word contracted(Para.2)most probably means_B.A.make less or smallerB.get an illnessC.make a legal agreementD.formally agree to marry somebody18.Which of the following statements is NOT true about the CodeRed worm?CA.It can multiply in large numbers.B.It may make a computer system stop working.C.Its included in a patch released by Microsoft.D.It may destroy the connection between legitimate users andthe sites.19.Public access is blocked to most DoD web sites so thatAA.the Code Red worm cant use the web site to replicatesitself and send copiesB.DoD organizations can have necessary patches installed toprotect their sitesC.the defense secrets can be prevented from being revealedD.the mistake in certain Microsoft network servers can becorrected20.Which of the following is NOT a measure taken by DoD to fightagainst the Code Red worm?BA.Blocking public access.B.Shutting down e-mail.C.Reviewing the status of the Internet information servers.D.Having necessary patches installed.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the same passage or dialog.For an increasing number of students at American universities,oldis suddenly in.The reason is obvious:the graying of Americameans jobs.Coupled with the aging of the baby-boom（生育高峰）generation,a longer life span means that the nations elderlypopulation is bound to expand significantly over the next 50 years.By 2050,25 percent of all Americans will be older than 65,up from14 percent in 1995.The change poses serious questions forgovernment and society,of course.But it also creates careeropportunities in medicine and health professions,and in law andbusiness as well.In addition to the doctors,were going to needmore sociologists,biologists（生物学家），city planners andspecialized lawyers,says Professor Edward Schneider of theUniversity of Southern Californias（USC）School of Gerontology（老年学）.Lawyers can specialize in elder law,which covers everything fromtrusts and estates to nursing-home abuse and age discrimination（歧视）.Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder marketbecause the baby boomers,74 million strong,are likely to be thewealthiest group of retirees in human his