新冀教版九年级上册英语全册期末复习必背知识点归纳.pdf
Unit 1 重点词汇和短语解析单 词1.regret作及物动词,意为“对感到后悔”,后加名词 代词 V-ing形式作宾语。如:I regret making such a foolish decision.我后悔做出这么愚蠢的决定。作不可数名词,意为“遗憾 惋惜。如:His great regret is not seeing his father for the last tim e.他最大的遗憾是没有能最后一次见他父亲一面。2.fever作不可数名词,意为“发热、发烧”,短 语have a fever意为“发烧”。如:Linda has a cold and she has a fever now.琳达感冒 了 并且现在还在发烧。3.examination作可数名词,意为“考试、体检 检查”,有时可缩写为examo如:The students are getting ready for the examination.学生们正在为考试做准备。4.refuse作不及物动词,意为“拒绝 回绝,后面的动词可用不定式形式。如:She refused to travel with u s.她拒绝和我们一起去旅行。作及物动词,意为“拒绝给予”,后加名词或代词作宾语。如:The United States has refused him a visa.美国拒绝给他发放签证。5.German作可数名词,意为“德国人”,注意它的复数形式是Germans。如:What are those Germans doing over there?那些德国人在那边做什么 呢?6.Asian作形容词,意为“亚洲的”,是 名 词A sia的形容词形式,在句中多作定语。如:People in East Asian countries like eating tofu.东亚国家的人们喜欢吃豆腐。作可数名词,意为“亚洲人”,复 数 形 式 是Asians。如:What5s the difference between Asians and Europeans?亚洲人和欧洲人有什么区别?7.risk作可数名词,意为“危 险、冒险如:Despite such accidents,even more people are taking the risk.尽管事故频发,但很多人仍然在冒险。作及物动词,意为“冒的危险”,后面的动词要用动名词形式。如:They risked losing lives to save that children.他们冒着生命危险挽救那个孩子。8.control作不可数名词,意为“控 制、管理 支配”。如:All the things are back in control.所有的事情都已在控制之中。作及物动词,意为“控 制、管理 支配”,后加名词或代词作宾语。如:The young manager controls a large company.一位年轻的经理管理一家大公司。9.sleepy作形容词,意为“困倦的 瞌 睡 的、安静的、冷清的”,在句中作定语或表语。如:This is a sleepy village,isnt it?这是一个寂静的小村庄,是 吗?10.mention作及物动词,意为“提 到、写道”,后加名词或代词。如:She didnt mentioned the weather in her report.她在报告中没有提到天气的事情。短 语1.wake up意为“叫醒”,这是“动词+副词”短 语。这类短语用名词作宾语时,名词可在副词前,也可用在副词后;如用代词作宾语时,代词则必须用在副词前。如:Mum,will you please wake me up at five tomorrow morning?妈妈,你能在明天早晨五点钟叫醒我吗?wake up也可不带宾语,意为“醒来”。如:That baby suddenly woke up and cried.那个婴儿突然醒了,然后哭了起来。2.be afraid of意为“害怕工后加名词、代词、V-ing形式作介词of的宾语。如:Tony is afraid of coming out at night.托尼害怕在晚上出来。句式be afraid to do.意为“害怕做某事;另,be afraid后还可加宾语从句,意为“恐怕如:Danny is afraid to stay at home alone.丹尼害怕独自呆在家里。We are afraid that we cant finish all the work today.我们恐怕今天不能完成所有的工作。3.be made of意思是“由制成”,通过成品可以看出原材料。如:These tables are all made of wood.这些桌子都是木头做的。而短语be made from“由.制成,通过成品不能看出原材料。This kind of paper is made from grass.这种纸是用草制成的。4.get into the habit of doing.意为“养 成 或 形 成 习 惯”,介词of后加动名词作宾语。如:His uncle has got into the habit of drinking wine.他叔叔养成了喝酒的习惯。5.focus on意为“注意,致力于,关注”,后加名词或代词作宾语。如:We should focus on something important.我们应该关注一些重要的事情。Unit 1重点句子解析1.1 had no choice but to go with her.句 式have no choice but to do.表示“别无选择只能做.”,注意but后的动词要用不定式形式。They had no other choice but to work hard,他们没有别的选择只有努力工作。2.Calcium makes your bones and teeth strong.句中的形容词strong用在your bones and teeth后作宾语补足语。动 词make后面可以加名词、代词 不 带to的不定式 形容词、过去分词等词语构成的复合结构。We made Bill our monitor.我们选比尔当班长。The boss makes the workers work long hours every day.老板迫使工人们每天工作很长时间。What makes you so happy?什么事情让你这么高兴?This made her so frightened.这件事使他很害怕。3.In many countries,smoking in public places is now against thelaw.这句话中的smoking in public places是动名词短语作主语,此时谓语动词要用单数形式。Playing with children is very interesting.和孩子们在一起玩很有趣。介词短语against the law意为“违背法律”,在句中作表语或定语。We cant do anything against the law,我们不能做任何违法的事情。4.She can answer it just by saying“hello”.介词by加动名词表示通过某种方式做某事,在句中作状语。She learns English by reading and speaking.她通过读和说学英语。8.Fortunately,you and Wang Mei are both getting much betternow.比较级前可以用 much,even,still,far,a bit,a little,a lot 等词加以修饰。This unit is much easier than that one.这个单元比那个单元容易得多。Fm a little taller than she.我的个子比她的个子稍高一点。This book is far more interesting than that one.这本书比那本书有趣得多。常见情态动词的用法(上)情态动词有一定的实际含义,但不能直接作谓语,必须和后面的实义动词一起构成谓语。它可以用于各种人称,即使主语是第三人称单数形式也不能加s或es。情态动词说来,一般没有时态的变化,只有can和may有过去式could和m ight,其他情态动词都使用一般现在时。1.can的用法(1)can的意思是“能、会 可能 可以,它有现在时can和过去时could。如:She can speak English fluently.她能流利地讲法语。They could come to u s.他们可能到我们这儿来了。(2)can和could的否定形式是cant和couldnt,并 且cant可以用来表示否定推测。如:Her sister cant skate.她的妹妹不会滑冰。He couldnt go to the office at eight.他八点钟不能上班去了。She cant be in Washington because I saw her here just now.她不可能去华盛顿了,因为刚才我在这里还见到了她。2.may的用法(1)表示许可的含义,与第一人称连用还可以表示请求的含义。如:You may use my English-Chinese dictionary.你可以用我的英汉字典。May I put my bike here?我可以把自行车放在这里吗?(2)表示某种可能性。如:His answer may be correct.他的回答或许是正确的。(3)表示预测的含义。如:They may set out today or tomorrow.他们或许今天或许明天出发。(4)对 may开头的疑问句进行肯定回答时用m ay,进行否定回答时用mustnt。May I use your computer?我可以用一下你的计算机吗?一Yes,you m ay.是的,可以。一No,you mustnt.不,不 彳 亍。(5)might是 m ay的过去式,用于表示在客观环境允许的范围内可能做到某事,或者可能发生的某一动作。如:He might have told you about it long ago.他或许很早以前就把这件事情告诉你了。3.must的用法(1)表示必须或应该做的事情,它的否定形式是mustnt。如:We must obey the rules.我们必须遵守规则。Anyone mustnt be late for class.谁都不能上课迟到。(2)表示肯定推测的含义。如:Your father worked all day long.He must be tired.你父亲工作了一天了。他一定很累了。(3)对 must开头的疑问句进行肯定回答时用must,进行否定回答时用neednt。如:Must we wait for them?我们必须等他们吗?一Yes,you must.是的,必须等。No,you needn5t.不,不必了。常见情态动词的用法(下)4.need的用法情态动词need表示人们说话时对某件事情提出的必要性,一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如:You neednt talk about this matter.你不必谈这件事情。Need we answer this question?我们需要回答这个问题吗?5.will 和 shall这两个词作为情态动词用时,往往用于疑问句中。如:(1)will you+动词原形?可以表示“请你为我做某事好吗?”,这是一种客套的说法。如:Will you show me some pens?把笔给我看看好吗?(请求对方做某事)这里的will可以用would替代,并且在动词原形前面可以加上pleaseo 如:Would you please close the door?劳驾,关上门好吗?对这一句式的肯定回答:(2)shall I(we)+动词原形?表示征求对方意见。如:Shall I open the windows?我可以打开窗户吗?一Yes,please.好的,打开吧。Yes,thank you.好吧,谢谢。6.would 和 shouldwould是 w ill的过去式,作为情态动词表示“可以请你.吗?。should是 shall的过去式,作为情态动词,意思是“应该”。如:(1)would除了上面的用法之外,还可用在句式would like中,后面加名词、代词 不定式作宾语。可与主语缩写为,d。请同学们注意它在疑问句中使用时的回答方法。如:rd like some oranges.我想要点儿桔子。Would you like to sing a song?请你唱首歌好吗?一Yes,Td like to.好的,我可以唱。No,thanks.不,谢谢。(2)should表示“应该”,用于各种人称,后加动词原形。如:You should wait a little more.你应该再多等一会儿。7.used toused to 的意思是“过去经常”,后加动词原形,它可以用于各种人称之后。它的否定句式和疑问句式可以有两种变化形式:否定句:used not to+动词原形didnt use to+动词原形疑问句:Used+主 语+to+动词原形?Did+主 语+use to+动词原形?如:He used to live in this small village.他曾经住在这个小村子里。He used not to live in this small village=He didnt use to live in thissmall village.他过去不曾住在这个小村子里。Used he to live in this small village?=Did he use to live in this smallvillage?他曾经住在这个小村子里吗?情态动词一、情态动词的定义情态动词表示说话人对动作的态度,比如:需要、可能 意愿 猜测或者怀疑等。情态动词本身有一定意思,但不完全,不能单独作谓语,必须与动词原形连用。没有人称和数的变化。二 need的用法need意为“需要”1.作为情态动词:常用于疑问句和否定句无人称和时态的变化疑问或否定借助于need本身后跟动词原形。2.作为实义动词:有人称和时态的变化(needs,needed)疑问或否定借助 于 do可有自己的宾语(可以是名词 代词、不定式)不受什么句型限制。肯定句:我现在需要去那。I need go there now.(need为情态动词)1need to go there now.(need 为实义动词)否定句:现在你不必去那。You needift go there now.(need为情态动词)You dont need to go there now.(need 为实义动词)一般疑问句:我现在需要去那吗?Need I go there now?(need为情态动词)Do I need to go there now?(need 为实义动词)3.对need引起的一般疑问句的回答:一Need I go now?Yes,youmust./No,you neednt.三、should的用法should 意为“应该”,否定形式 shouldn,t=should not;should 作为情态动词,通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务,这时它可以和oughtto,be supposed to 互换使用。1.表“劝告,建议“,如:Children should be taught to tell the truth.应该教导孩子讲实话。2.表“惊异”,意为“竟然已经”。Ifs strange that he should have done such a thing.奇怪的是,他竟然做了这样一件事。3.表“可能性”,意为“大概已经”。They should be there by now,I think.我想,他们现在该到了。注意:should作 为 助 动 词shall的过去式,可以在间接引语中与第一人称主语搭配,表示过去将来时间。例如:A week ago,I told him that I should(=would)go to Beijing the next day.一个星期以前,我告诉他我第二天就去北京。U nitl易混淆词语辨析1.disease 和 illnessdisease作名词,只用作可数名词,指各种疾病的术语,常表示特定的具体的病名、病 类。如:The business of doctors is to prevent and cure diseases.医生的职责是预防和治疗疾病。illness也可以表示“疾病”。illness既可用作可数名词也可用作不可数名词,它是最普通的用语,泛指得了某种疾病后身体的不适状态。如:Several children are away from school because of illness.几个孑亥子因病没来上学。2.be made of,be made from,be made in,be made by 和 be made intobe made of意为“由.制成的“,表示可看出原材料是什么。如:This chair is made of wood.这把椅子是木质的。be made from意为“某物由制成”,表示制成的东西完看不出原材料,在成品中已无法辨认。如:Paper is made from wood.纸是木头造的。be made in 意为“在某地生产或制造”,in 后面接地点名词。如:The watch is made in Shanghai.这块手表是在上海制造的。be made b y 意为“由.制造”,b y 后面接动作的执行者;如:This dinner was made by my mother.这顿晚饭是由妈妈做的。be made into意为 被制成.”指某种原料被制成某种产品,和be made of/from 正好相反。如:The wood is made into desks.木头被制成桌子。3.regret doing 和 regret to doregret doing sth.表示对做过的事遗憾 后悔,注意事情已经做过。如:I don regret telling her what I thought.我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。regret to d o 表示为要做的事感到抱歉 遗憾,注意事情未做。如:I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没有办法。We regret to inform you that your application has not beensuccessful.我们很遗憾的通知你,你的申请未通过。Unit 2 重点单词与短语解析单 词1.meaning作可数名词,意为“意思”,是动词mean的动名词形式起形容词作用。Can you tell me the meaning of this new word?你能告诉我这个生词的意思吗?2.successful作形容词,意为“获得成功的 有成就的,在句中作定语或表语。This is a successful decision.这是一个成功的决定。I think you51 1 be successful in the future.我想将来你会成功的。success是不可数名词,意为“成功”;succeed是不及物动词,意、为 成功。表示 在.方面成功”用句式be succeeded in.。Failure is mother of success.失败是成功之母。They are succeeded in solving all the problems.他们成功地解决了所有的问题。3.solve作及物动词,意为“解答、解决”,后加名词或代词作宾语。I dorft think I can solve these problems,我想我不能解决这些问题。4.pioneer作可数名词,意为“先锋 先驱、带头人”,复数形式是pioneers。As a technician,he is a remarkable pioneer.作为技术人员,他是个了不起的先驱。5.introduction作可数名词,意为“初次投入使用 引进、推进 介绍”,它是动词introduce的名词形式。The introduction of this new skill brings many changes to us.这种新技能的引进给我们带来了很多变化。6.leader作可数名词,意为“领导者 领袖,它是动词lead的名词形式,复数形式是leadershanks to the good leader,this company is becoming better and better.多亏有好的领导,这家公司才变得越来越好了。7.produce作及物动词,意为“出产、生产”,是后加名词或代词作宾语。Our factory produces radios and televisions.我们工厂生产收音机和电视机。product是produce的名词形式,意为“产品”。This kind of product sells well.Is that so?这种产品很畅销。是这样吗?8.blind作形容词,意为“失明的 瞎的 盲目的”,在句中作表语或定语。另,the blind表小“盲人”,是集体名词。Her uncle is blind in both eyes.她叔叔双目失明。This is a very blind decision.这是一个很盲目的决定。9.illness作可数名词,意为“病 疾病”,复数形式是illnesses。I think this is a strange illness.我想这是一种奇怪的疾病。He is recovering from an illness.他病后正在恢复中。10.remain作不及物动词,意为“仍然是 保持不变,后加形容词或介词短语。Why did they remain silent?他们为什么保持沉默?The government remains in control.政府仍然控制着局势。作不及物动词,意为“停留在某处”。She will have to remain in hospital for a week.她至少要在医院呆一个星期。11.medical作形容词,意为“医学的 医疗的”,在句中多作定语,后加名词。My brother is studying in a medical college.我哥哥在一所医学院学习。短 语1.be good to短语be good to somebody意为“对某人态度友好”。类似句式还有:be polite to,be friendly to,to kind to,be nice to,be rude to 等。His classmates are all friendly to him.他的同学们对他很友好。2.be famous for短语be famous fo r意为“因而著名 出名”,后加表示物的名词 代词作介词for的宾语。Hangzhou is famous for tea and silk.杭州因茶和丝绸而出名。类似短语be famous as意为“作为而著名 出名”;后加表示人的名词 代词作介词as的宾语。Yang Liping is famous as a dancer.杨丽萍作为舞蹈演员而出名。3.make progress短语make progress表示“取得进步”。Danny has made great progress recently.丹尼近来取得了很大的进步。4.at the age of短语at the age o f 意为“在岁时”,后加基数词的单数形式,用来表示年龄,可以与“when+主 语+b e+年龄”替换。He began to learn the accordion at the age of four.=He began tolearn the accordion when he was four years old.他四岁时开始学手风琴。5.make a decisiondecision意为“决定,这是动词decide的名词形式,多与动词make连用构成短语make decision,表示“做出决定”。Did they make any decisions at the meeting?他们在会上做出决定了吗?1.Those are all really important questions and very difficult to answer.句 式“b e+形 容 词+不定式”意 为“很做某事如:This kind of work is easy to complete.这种工作很容易完成。2.Im not sure how to answer them.不定式可以与疑问词who,what,which,when,how,where等连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语等。如:Where to buy this kind of computer is a problem.到哪里去买这种计算机是一个问题。I really dont know what to d o.我的确不知道该怎么办了。3.The important thing is not to stop questioning.这句话中的not to stop questioning是动名词的否定形式,它由否定副词n o t加上动名词构成。在这句话中,动名词用在系词后作表语。如:He is worried about not going to the concert.他担心的是不能参加音乐会。To us students,the first task is studying hard.对我们学生来说,第一任务就是努力学习。4.In the dream,he grew a new type of rice that was as big as a peanut.句式a s as 表示程度相同,第一个as是副词,后加形容词或副词的原级。如:Jim is as honest as Billy.吉姆和比利一样诚实。She works as carefully as her sister.她和她姐姐工作一样认真。句式not as(so).as 表示一方不如另一方。如:I dont run as(so)fast as you.我不如你跑得快。5.Since then,he has spent much of his time researching and developing new varieties.表 示“花费”,可用于两个句式中:spend.on.和 spend(in)doing。如:Each person spent about 100 yuan on food every month.在伙食上每人每月花 100 元左右。He doesnt spend all his time(in)working.他没有把全部精力用在工作上。6.Before her illness,Helen was a bright and happy girl.before her illness是介词短语,意 为“在生病之前”,在句中作状语。我们可以用时间状语从句Before she wasm 替换它。这种介词短语作状语的句式可用从句进行替换。如:Nothing can live withoul air or water.=Nothing can live if there is no air or water.没有空气和水什么都不能生存。7.With a lot of hard work,he found new ways to help people with T.B.a disease thatdamages the lungs.其中 to help people with T.B.a disease that damages the lungs 是动词不定式短语用在名词 w ay后作定语。不定式有时起形容词作用修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语。不定式作定语时,它的位置在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。如:Is there anyone to look after these children?有人照看这些孩子吗?Are there many places to see in Washington?在华盛顿有许多可看的地方吗?如果不定式是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面应加上介词或副词。如:There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。8.He once operated for sixty-nine hours straight without stopping.句中的without stopping是介词短语作状语,修饰前面的动词operate。介词without后加名词、代词、动名词构成介词短语作状语后可作状语,意 为“没有二 如:She went to school without having breakfast.她没吃早饭就去上学了。9.To remember him,the government set up Bethune Medical School and the BethuneInternational Hospital in Shijiazhuang.句中的to remember him是动词不定式短语用在句首作状语,表示目的。不定式作状语还可直接用在动词后。如:Emma came to see me yesterday morning.埃玛昨天上午来看我了。To learn English well,she went to in England.为了学好英语,她去了英国。10.1 told them that you made it for me.某些及物动词后面可以加两个宾语,一个表示人,叫间接宾语;一个表示物,叫直接宾语,它们和在一起称作双宾语。双宾语在句子的位置有两种:主 语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语主 语+及物动词+直接宾语+介 词 t。或 fo r+间接宾语如:He will make me a new kite.=He will make a new kite for m e.他要给我做一个新风筝。Grandpa often tells us stories.=Grandpa often tells stories to u s.爷爷经常给我们讲故事。Unit 2 Great People单 词1.meaning作可数名词,意为“意思”,是动词mean的动名词形式起形容词作用。Can you tell me the meaning of this new word?你能告诉我这个生词的意思吗?2.successful作形容词,意为“获得成功的 有成就的,在句中作定语或表语。This is a successful decision.这是成功的决定。1 think youll be successful in the future.我想将来你会成功的。success是不可数名词,意为“成功;succeed是不及物动词,意为“成功”。表示“在?方面成功”用句式be succeeded in?oFailure is mother of success.失败是成功之母。They are succeeded in solving all the problems.他们成功地解决了所有的问题。3.solve作及物动词,意为“解答 解决,后加名词或代词作宾语。1 dont think I can solve these problems,我想我不能解决这些问题。4.pioneer作可数名词,意为“先锋 先驱 带头人,复数形式是pioneers。As a technician,he is a remai-kable pioneer.作为技术人员,他是个了不起的先驱。5.introduction作可数名词,意为“初次投入使用、引进、推进、介绍”,它是动词introduce的名词形式。The introduction of this new skill brings many changes to us.这种新技能的引进给我们带来了很多变化。6.leader作可数名词,意为“领导者 领袖,它是动词lead的名词形式,复数形式是 leaderso hanks to the good leader,this companybecoming better and better.多亏有好的领导,这家公司才变得越来越好了。7.produce作及物动词,意为“出产 生产”,是后加名词或代词作宾语。Our factory produces radios and televisions.我们工厂生产收音机和电视机。product是 produce的名词形式,意为“产品”。This kind of product sells well.Is that so?这种产品很畅销。是这样吗?8.blind作形容词,意为“失明的 瞎的 盲目的”,在句中作表语或定语。另,the blind表示“盲人”,是集体名词。Her uncle is blind in both eyes.她叔叔双目失明。This is a very blind decision.这是一个很盲目的决定。9.illness作可数名词,意为“病 疾病”,复数形式是illnesses。I think this is a strange illness.我想这是一种奇怪的疾病。He is recovering from an illness.他病后正在恢复中。10.remain作不及物动词,意为“仍然是 保持不变,后加形容词或介词短语。Why did they remain silent?他们为什么保持沉默?The government remains in control.政府仍然控制着局势。作不及物动词,意为“停留在某处“。She will have to remain in hospital for a week.她至少要在医院呆一个星期。11.medical作形容词,意为“医学的、医疗的”,在句中多作定语,后加名词。My brother is studying in a medical college.我哥哥在一所医学院学习。短 语1.be good to短语be good to somebody意为“对某人态度友好”。类似句式还有:be polite to,be friendly to,to kind to,be nice to,be rude to 等。His classmates are all friendly to him.他的同学们对他很友好。2.be famous for短语be famous fo r意为“因?而著名 出名”,后加表示物的名词代词作介词for的宾语。Hangzhou is famous for tea and silk.杭州因茶和丝绸而出名。类似短语be famous as意为“