初中英语笔记中考.pdf

初中英语笔记大全（精华版）This is the key to the door.这是开门的钥匙。s b.c a l l*电话号码s t h.a t电话号码call sb.=phone sb.=ring sb.upplease give me a call.请打电话给我 family指家庭时是单数，谓语动词用“is”,family指家人时是复数，谓语动词用“are”。of表示无生命物体的所有格，s 表示有生命物体的所有格。有生命物体的所有格也可以用o f,但有生命物体后要加“s”。以副词there或here开头的句子常要倒装，以示强调。Whafs your name,please?=Could you tell me your name,please?=May I have yourname,please?Nice to meet you.=Glad to meet you.=Pleased to meet you.写启示的方法：1.启示的主题；2.描述细节；3.留下联系方式。表示惊讶、忧伤、微怒、失望等，可以用dear作感叹词。名词如果有数量词修饰它，使用谓语动词适应看他的数量词，如：h e r e i s a s e t o f k e y sh e r e a r e t w o s e t s o f k e y s get to somewhere（get home 除外）至 ll达._ h a v e （有生命物体的“有”）t h e r e i s （无生命物体的“有”）肯定：Let+宾 语（人称代词的宾格或名词）+V 原型+否定：Dont let+宾语+V原型+./Let+宾语+3 +原型+.have表示“有时才可以用来提问或写成否定“havent。心 L e t，s.（i n c l u d e说话的人和听话的人）问：s h a l l w e?L e t u s.（不i n c l u d e听话的人）问：w i l l y o u?联系动词be动词+adj.作表语感官动词look 看sound 听smell 闻taste 尝fell触反身代词：myself（我自己）yourself（你自己）himself（他自己）herself（她自己）itself（它自己）ourselves（我们自己）yourselves（你们自己）themselves（他们自己）How much+be+商品？（答：Its/Theyre.）=What is the price of.?（答:ItS.）cent 美分 One dollar=100 cents other(两者中的另一个)another(三者中的另一个)越接近物品本身性质的形容词越靠近物品，如：big blue hat帮助某人做某事help sb.(to)do sth.help sb.with sth.with the help(n.)of sb.e.g.He studies math well,with the help of teacher.一般将来时的一般形式：主语+will+动词原形+.Can I help you?=What can I do for you?=(Is there)anything I can do for you?welcomea.受欢迎的v.欢迎n.欢迎get a warm welcome得到热烈欢迎 be动词不加动词原形 hundred,thousand”与基数词一起表示具体数字时不加“s”。hundreds of 上百 thousands of 上千 buy sth.for sb.=buy sb.（间接宾语）sth.（直接宾语）为某人买某物 any body在肯定句中表示任何人，在否定句和疑问句中不是。fbr表示动词的对象或接受者，表示用途，表示目的，表示等价交换或标注价格，表示时间持续多久，表示距离，表示理由或原因。There are many trees on each side of the roadThere are many trees on both sides of the road the price is low(high)价格低(高)each强调两者或两者以上的每一个，强调个体+第三人称单数every强调三者或三者以上的每一个，强调整体 on a cold morning在一个寒冷的早晨also放在be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实意动词之前either放在句末（疑问句、否定句）too放在句末（肯定句）when.?答不用具体时间what time.？答要用具体时间比赛contest和智力或知识有关的竞赛gamematch有计划预先安排好的比赛 持续-一 段时间的节日一般用“festival”.a kind of一种many kind of许多种all kinds of各种各样 kind of.有儿分.如：The elephants are kind of cute.含有think的宾语从句中如果从句中有否定，要否定前移，如：She doesnt think they areboring.（她认为他们不无聊）问：How are you?答：Im fine.（我很好。）/Justsoso.（-一般般。）表示时间、价格、距离的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：Two dollars is enough（足够）。怎么判断双音节单词中第一个音节是开音节还是闭音节：双音节单词中的两个元音是两个音节的中心，元音是由元音字母或元音字母组合发出的音，因此，首先找到单词中的两个元音字母或元音字母组合，两个中心就清楚了。两个中心之间的辅音字母（不是字母组合）则分别划归两个音节，第一个音节即为闭音节，如果两个中心之间的辅音字母为双写字母（包括“r”），分别划归前后，第一个音节按闭音节读音。如：paper/peipa/（pa 为开音节）member/memba/（mem 为闭音节）happy/haepi/（hap 为闭音节）sorry/s ri/（sor 为闭音节）certainly/sa:tnil/I am sorry.I cant go with y o u.（对不起。我不能和你一起去。）Thanks./Thank you./Thank you very much./Thank a lot./Many thanks.You are welcome./Thats OK./Thats all right.It5s my pleasure./With pleasure.（这是我的荣幸。）make friend with s b.（和.交朋友）Thanks for+n./v.ing=Thanks sb.fbr+n./v.ing below在.下 方（非正下方）反义词：above在上 面（非正上方，没有接触面）under在.下 面（正下方）反义词：on（有接触面），over（没有接触面）在上 面（正上方）keep+sth.+adj.使某物保持某状态。keep+adj.保持某状态。表示请求、建议、希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句用“some”。问：Let.答：OK./All right./Thats a good idea./That sounds good./Sorry.sport用来修饰名词要变为sports。play+the+乐器 Erhu 除外 be动词后叫表语，修饰名词叫定语，修饰动词叫状语，前后两词对等叫同位语。人 民币和日元变复数不变，其他要。be good with sb.=get on well with sb.与某人相处的很好 问：How often does Rick run on weekend?答：Rick usually runs on weekend.always（总是）usually（通常）A often（经常）A sometime（有时）A seldom（很少）A never（从不）频度副词放在be动词或助动词之后，实意动词或行为动词之前。感叹句：What+（a/an）+adj.+n.+（主）+（谓）！如：What beautiful flowers they are!How+adj./adv.+（主）+（谓）！如：How beautiful the flowers are!Can you think what his job is?含有宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句的从句必须是陈述句。Start to do sth.开始做某事 be famous for.因.出名忙于某事be busy doing sth.be busy with sth.对某人某事严格be strict with sb.be strict in sth./doing sth.fb r+时间段做某事持续多久 问：How long do you have volleyball?答：I have volleyball for two hours.ask sb.some questions.问某人一些问题ask sb.to do sth.叫某人做某事 no=not any because不和so同时使用，although（尽管）不和but同时使用。either：两者中的任何一个都行。neither：两者中的任何一个都不。用“may”提问的句子回答用can/can，t 或 must/mustn，t;用“can”提问的句子回答用little修饰不可数名词儿乎没有（否定）a little有一些（肯定）few修饰可数名词儿乎没有（否定）a few有一些（肯定）can/cant;用“must”提问的句子回答用 need/needn.如：1.May I park my car here?Yes,you can/must./No,you cant/mustnt.2.Can I watch TV?Yes,you can./No,you cant3.Must I clean the classroom this morning?Yes,you need./No,you neednt.be afraid of doing sth./be afraid of sth.害怕做某事/某物 be fond of=like make a continuation to sth.对.有贡献 do well in=be good at 擅长.比较级+an d+比较级越来越.give back=return 归还 法国人单数：Frenchman/Frenchwoman英 国 人单数：Englishman/EnglishwomanChinese和 Japanese单复数同形 in the world在世界上all over the world/around the world/the whole word 全世界 in the school在学校里 in school在学校学习 outside在.外面outside the gate to the park 在公园门夕卜 turning 转角 go down+.沿着.路走go straight down+.沿着.路直走 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事enjoy oneself=have a good time=have fun take a walk=go for a walk=have a walk the beginning of.的开始at the beginning o f 强调在.开始的那一刻in thebeginning 起初，一开始from the beginning 开始时from beginning to end从开始到结束 visit+地点、参观某地a visit to+地点、参观某地 have firn doing sth.做.很开心 地点+is a great place to do sth.是一个做.的地方 be busy with sth.忙于某事 the way to.去.的路on the way to+地点在去.的路上on ones way to+地点某人在去.的路上on my way to home在我回家的路上p a s s s t h.t o s b.p a s s s b.s t h.把某物递给某人.+in +大地方 a r r iv es+a t +小地方a r r iv e a t s c ho o l 到达学校v g et t o s c ho o lr ea c h s c ho o l 主语+hope(that)+从句主语+hope+to do sth.live on.靠.为生主语为物It takes sb.+时间、金 钱+to.do sth.做某事要花某人多少 时间、金钱花费 spend 主语为人 spend+时间、金钱+on sth./(in)doing sth.cost 主语为物(强调金钱)This book costs me 3 yuan,pay 主语为人pay 金钱 to sb.for sth.为了某物付钱给某人pay 金钱 to sb.=pay s b.金钱pay sb.付钱给某人 between两 者 之 间 am ong三者或三者以上之间across指在表面穿过、有接触面 +n.如：People like this kind of animals,because theyre kind of cute.in the south of 在.南部 asleep 睡着的 adj.fall asleep 入睡 be asleep 正睡着 be friendly to s b.对某人友好 dont forget to do sth.不要忘记做某事 tell sb.to do s th.叫某人去做某事tell sb.not to do s th.叫某人不去做某事.stop to do sth.停下正在做的，去做某 事stop doing sth.停下正在做的是 介词+doing sth.would like to do sth.想要做某事 Which place do you live in=Where do you live?Isnt he c u te?否定疑问句 Sam wants to play basketball,doesnt he?翻译疑问句 Why not do sth.?=Why dont you do sth.?practice doing sth.练习做某事 use sth.to do sth.比较级中的代词用 that,如：The map of Beijing is better than that of Tianjin.said to oneself 自言自语 be careful not to do sth.小心别做某事 do ones best尽某人的全力 N 左的b e made o f 看得出原材料的be make from看不出原材料的 be satisfied with.对.满意 be fall of 满是.fin the front o f 在内部的前面in front o f 在外部的前面 条件状语从句：主语为将来时，从句为一般现在时。如：We7ll have a sports meeting ifit doesnt rain tomorrow.Its（形式主语）+adj.+（for sb.）+to do sth.（主语）做某事怎么样。如：Ifs important for him to play the piano.弹钢琴对他很重要。Ifs+adj.+of sb.to do sth.（adj.应为 sb.的本身性质）如：Its kind of you to help m e.你帮助 了我，你真好。go across the bridge 过桥 in+时间段（将来时）多久后 在 之后，多久之后 产蹩胃鬻later（放在时间后）What does she do?=Whats she?=Whafs her job?.J work（UN）job（CN）sometimes频度副词；有时sometime某时，某个不确定的时（some times 几次间 如：I hope I can visit Hong Kong sometime.some time 一些时间give sb.sth.give sth.to sb.给某人某物（sth,直接宾语,sb间接宾语）get sth.from sb从某人那里得到某物.w ear穿的状态put o n 穿上 talk to/with sb.与某人交谈.J be in danger处于危险中be out of danger 脱离危险 be o u t夕 卜 出 ask sb.sth.问某人某事ask sb.to do sth.叫某人做某事 w aitress女服务员.J work with sb.与某人工作work with sth.工作与某物有关 be late for.做.迟到了need sth.需要某物.need（实义动词）need to do sth.需要做某事need doing 需要被.如：The flowers need watering.花需要被浇水。learn by oneself=teach oneself 自 学.f teach sb.sth.教某人某事teach sb.to do sth.教某人去做某事w atch长时间的看 壬see强调看的结果look强调看的过程、动作read阅读 show sb.sth.=show sth.to sb.lately 最近see sb.doing sth.看到某人正做某事 wait to do sth.等待做某事cawt wait to do sth.迫不及待地想要做某事 thanks for+n./动名词 表语一般放在b e 动词后，定语一般放在名词前。be with s b.与某人在一起.every one 指人=every bodyevery one可以指人，也可以指物 描述头发：漂 亮+长 短+形 状+颜色描述人的长相：have/has+.hair/eyes/ears/mouth/nose.is/am/are+tall/short/thin/heavy/good-looking/of medium height.strong的反义词：w eak虚弱的 love to do sth.喜爱做某事 w ear用进行时态时表示短时间内的状态。如：Miss Li is wearing a new dress today.李老师今天穿着一件新裙子。popular流行；受 欢 迎 的 p o p 流行good-looking外 在 美（指男性或 女 性）beautiful外在美或内在美（指女 性或物）ordinary-looking 相貌平平ugly-looking相貌不好看的；相貌丑 的handsome漂亮；英俊 kind of=a little bit+adj./adv.=a little bit of+n.tell sb.joke给某人讲笑话 make a joke with sb.和某人开玩笑Don*t make such kind of jokes with others 别和别人开这种玩笑多个形容词修饰名词时，顺序为：限 定 词（the；a）数 词描绘词（大小、长短、形状、新旧、颜色）出处材料性质、类别名词a small round table.如:，a famous German medical school.an expensive Japanese sports car.fremember to do sth.记得去做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事-Who cleaned the classroom?-The students did.特别喜欢：like.a lot/very much 有一点喜欢：like.a little一点 都 不 喜 欢:(doesnt)don*t like.at all outgoing外向的 What fine weather it is!=How fine the weather is!+sth.would like+to do sth.+sb.to do sth.J-Would you like sth.?-Y es，please./No,thanks.-Would you like to do sth.?I-Yes,rd like to./Fd like to,but I.round the world 全世界junk fo o d 垃圾食物make a reason to do sth.为做某事编个理由give the reason for sth.give the reason for doing sth.给出某事/做某事的理由如：give me your reasons for being late.be on a visit(n.)to.=visit(v.).stay+a d j.保持.practise(V.)=practice.practice(v.)+n./pron./doing sth.practice(n.)(没有practise)如：Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧在 i ll 顶上 on the top of the mountain 在半山腰 half way up the mountain在山脚下 at the foot of the mountain be angry with sb.It takes sb.+时间+to do s th.做某事花某人多少时间-f,人心 on sth.人+spend+时间/金钱+(in)doing sth.for sth.人+叫sb.+金钱物+cost+sb.+钱 most o f 中的大多数watch sb./sth.+do sth.（看见经常做或做过doing sth.（看见正在做）)to do sth.It is time for sth.for sb.to do sth.He doesnt want to do anything.=He wants to do nothing.Help oneself to sth.受.欢迎 play a joke on s b.和某人开玩笑 dress s b.为某人穿衣打扮 动词原型及其过去式to+v.(不定式)make sb.do sth.省略to的不定式 let sb.do sth.have sb.do sth.help sb.(to)do sth.可加可不加one 娈 oneO O o another+n.(单)the otherow o u l d l i k e s b.t o d o s t h.i t s f i i n t o d o s t h.h a v e f u n d o i n g s t h.动词原形:a m /i s 1过去式w a s动词原形:过去式动词原形:a r ew e r eb e a r （忍受）Jb o r eb e a t （打击；打败）!b e a tb e c o m eb e c a m eb e g i nb e g a nb r e a k （使破碎）|b r o k eb r i n gb r o u g h tb u i l d键 造）|b u i l tb u y b o u g h tc a nc o u l dc a t c h j c a u g h tc o m e|c a m ec o s tc o s tc u t|c u td o /d o e s d i dd r a wd r e wd r i n k 5d r a n kd r i v e 1d r o v ee a ta t ef a l l f e l lf e e d If e df i g h tf o u g h tf i n d jf o u n df l y|f l e wf o r g e tf o r g o tg e t Jg o tg i v e g a v eg ow e n tg r o w g r e wh a n g（吊）h u n g （闲逛）h a n g e d （吊）h a v e /h a sh a d1,1h e a r 1h e a r dh o l d|h e l dh u r th u r tk e e p jk e p tk n o w 1k n e wl a y （下蛋）l a i dl e a d （引导）|l e dl e a r n l e a r n dl e a v el e a fl i e （说谎）；l i e d /l a yl e t l e tl o s el o s tm a k e 1m a d em a y m i g h tm e a nm e a n tm e e t m e tp a y p a i dwi nwo np u t 1p u tr e a d r e a dr i der o der i n g r a n gr u n 1r a ns a ys a i ds e e s a ws e l l s o l ds e n ds e n twi l l 1wo u l dwr i te wr o tes h a l ls h o u l d1,1s h o w 1s h o we d过去分词：s h o wns i n g js a n gs i ts a ts l e e p js l e p ts p e a k 1s p o k es ta n ds to o ds we e p 1s we p ts wi m s wa mta k eto o kte a ch ta u g h tte l l !to l dth i n kth o u g h tth r o w（抛；|扔）1th r e wwe a r !wo r e11 Its time for sb.to do sth.be worry（adj.）about（担心.）=worry（v.）about.g o o n do i n g s th.继续做同一件事g o o n to do s th.结束去做某件事去 f /f e +v e s叶子半数自己黄,妻子拿刀去砍娘。架后窜出一只狼，就像盗贼逃命亡。l e a f l e a v e sh a l f h a l v e ss e l f fs e l v e swi f e-*wi v e sk n i v e-*k n i v e ss h e l f fs h e l v e swo l f fwo l v e sth i e f fth i e v e s1 i f e-1 i v e s so.th a t如此.以致 discuss with sb.sth.findsb.doingsth.sseesb.doingsth.watchsb.doingsth.see sb.doing sth.(经过时看到正在做)see sb.do sth.(看见整个过程)as soon as 一.就 Stand sth.Maybe adv.exercise(v.)=do exercise(n.)/do sportsDomoreexercise(un.),you willbe healthier.Do morning/eyesexercises 有修饰词作为(cn.)频率副词例如实义动词前，助动词、b e动词、情态动词后I u s u a l l y g o to th e p a r k.S h e u s u a l l y g o e s to th e p a r k.频率副词不影响动词形成S h e u s u a l l y we n t to th e p a r k l a s t y e a r.How oftenHow manyHow muchHow lo n g 时间多久How fa r距离多远How soon 多快例：How soon will you come back?In two days.How many times 多少次 result for do sth.want sb.to do sth.interesting东西令人觉得很有趣intered感到谁很有趣 Thanks for doing sth.try to do sth.尽力做某事thy doing sth.尝试做某事vegetable(cn.)fruit(un.)be different from 与.不同 look after=take care of 照 顾(重视)health n.4healthy adj.style风格、方式grade评价mark直观的分数help sb.(to)do(v.)sth.help sb.with sth.the old 老人 kind person 热心人 the same as 与.一样 kind of=a little(bit)keep in good healthy=keep healthy make a plan for 为.做计划 although=th o u g h让步状语从句：虽然、尽管a hard job 难的adj a hard stone硬的hard hard-working努力的advwork hard努力地Its rainyhard雨下很大maybeadv.,卜 例 may be 情态v.+v.(原)Maybe he is a studentHe may be a student be good at sth./doing sth.advice(un.)建议 a piece of advice.卜ore肌肉引发炎症，酸痛ache连续疼痛，多加在身体部位后 lots of=a lot ofgoodfinewell*adv.adj.表示身体好=fineWhaf s the matter wih sb.?Whaf s the trouble with sb.?Whaf s wrong(adj)with sb.?Whaf s happenedto sb.?tire(n.)tired(adj.)主观感受到疲劳tieing令人感到疲劳 certainly 当然 sound like+名词/名词词组sometime甫时，常用于一般现布tsome times 几次,sometimeM个时候，常用于将来fsometime 一段时间，常用于现住E成时 want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事=would like sb.to do sth.try todosth.尽力做某事 try not to do sth.尽力不做某事 hope表示有可能实现的愿望。hope to do sth.希望去做某事；hope+that从 句(that可以省略)。另外，hope后面+so表示“希望如此；hope not表示“希望不是这样。wish表示的愿望有点难实现。wish to do sth.希望做某事;wish sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事;wish that从句，从句所表示的希望一般是不可能实现的，故用虚拟语气。.balance ofbalanced(adj.).J traditiona 1 (adj.)tradition(n.)(like+名词短语 像for example+句子 Need sth./to do sth.Be good for sth./doing sth.g e t变得.maybe(adv.)may+v.(原)b e.with sth.too much+n.(un)too many+n.(cn)much too+adj.w estern西方的 形式主语Its+adj.to do sth.improve 提高 have a pain in the+身体部位 名词修饰名词：修饰词总为单数woman m an跟着所修饰词单复数变化sport作为修饰词总为复数 there be+主语+doing sth.if：条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来时。ill 表语：The boy is ill.sick表语：The boy is sick.定语：This is a sick boy.不擅长：be weak is擅长：be good at Angry with sb.about s b.为某事生某人的气。for 表目的，例：We come here for vacation.spendtimewithsb.花时间在某人身f spend花费sb.spend*on sth.（in）doingsth.将来 时:L w ill+v.（原）2.be going to do sth.3.用现在进行时表将来时有方向性的词计划好的事babysiibabysittiibabysat sb.pay 钱 for sth.He is leaving in the morning.planned planning natural自然的 finish doing sth.完成某事 hope to do sth./从句 plan plan to do sth.v.plan sth.I cant wait to do sth.我迫不及待想做某事 the number o f.的数量 depend o n 依赖于 in the mountain 在山区so.that,卜如此以致too.to keep+宾语+a d j.（宾补），fv.opens The windows iss adj.开着的（closed adj.关着的）closed decide to do sth./on sth./on doing sth.宾 语从句：陈述句语序 get to=reach=arrive in/at Would/Will you please+v（原）sit at the table 用餐 the final（a d j.最后的）exam 期末考试 H ow 提问方式方法thousand 千 million百万,前面加确数不加sbillion 十亿 A地+is+距离+（away）fieomB 地有具体距离不再用farMy home is far（away）from my school.My home 10 kilometers（away）from my school.Its+距离+from A to B划线部分提问：Its ten kilometres from my home to school.How far is it from your home to school?It take sb.to do sth.例：It takes him about 10 minutes to ride to the station.ride 车 程:An hour bus ride will take you there.lt*s 10 kilometers.How far is it from your home to school?Ifs 10 minutes walk.final=at last=in the end not all(部 分 否 定)并非所有：Not all students are here.be different(adj.)fromdifference(adj.),Itdependson the weather.depend决定It depends on how much money you are going to spend.must be肯定推测 may be 可能cant不能是 a lo t/far/m u ch 用来修饰比较级表示差别程度大，差别程度小用a bit/a little/a small numbe